Class 11 Mathematics Hard Quiz

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\(यदि (A={1,2,3,4}) और (R={(a,b):a+b\) संख्या 3 से विभाज्य है}) है, तो (R) में कितने क्रमित युग्म होंगे?

\(If (A={1,2,3,4}) and (R={(a,b):a+b\) is divisible by 3}), how many ordered pairs are in (R)?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

B. (5) युग्म(5) pairs

Step 1

Concept

By checking values, we get ((1,2),(2,1),(2,4),(3,3),(4,2)). In such questions, check possible (b) values for each (a) systematically.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. (5) युग्म / (5) pairs. By checking values, we get ((1,2),(2,1),(2,4),(3,3),(4,2)). In such questions, check possible (b) values for each (a) systematically.

Step 3

Exam Tip

मान रखने पर ((1,2),(2,1),(2,4),(3,3),(4,2)) मिलते हैं। ऐसे प्रश्न में हर (a) के लिए संभावित (b) व्यवस्थित रूप से जांचें।

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समुच्चय \(A=\{1,2,3\}\) पर संबंध \(R=\{(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(1,2)\}\) किस गुण को संतुष्ट करता है?

On set \(A=\{1,2,3\}\), relation \(R=\{(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(1,2)\}\) satisfies which property?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

B. स्वसमReflexive

Step 1

Concept

Because for every \(a \in A\), \((a,a) \in R\). For reflexive check, look only for all self-pairs.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. स्वसम / Reflexive. Because for every \(a \in A\), \((a,a) \in R\). For reflexive check, look only for all self-pairs.

Step 3

Exam Tip

क्योंकि हर \(a \in A\) के लिए \((a,a) \in R\) है। स्वसम जांच में केवल सभी आत्म युग्म देखें।

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\((A={1,2,3,4}) पर (R={(a,b):a+b\) सम है}) के बारे में कौन सा कथन सही है?

\(On (A={1,2,3,4}), which statement is correct for (R={(a,b):a+b\) is even})?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. यह तुल्यता संबंध हैIt is an equivalence relation

Step 1

Concept

Elements with the same parity are related, so the relation is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive. In exams, check it by splitting into even and odd classes.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. यह तुल्यता संबंध है / It is an equivalence relation. Elements with the same parity are related, so the relation is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive. In exams, check it by splitting into even and odd classes.

Step 3

Exam Tip

समान parity वाले तत्व जुड़े हैं, इसलिए संबंध स्वसम, सममित और संकर्मक है। परीक्षा में इसे सम और विषम वर्गों में बांटकर जांचें।

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\(A=\{1,2,3\}\) पर \(R=\{(1,2),(2,1),(2,3),(3,2)\}\) के बारे में सही कथन चुनिए।

Choose the correct statement about \(R=\{(1,2),(2,1),(2,3),(3,2)\}\) on \(A=\{1,2,3\}\).

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

B. यह सममित हैIt is symmetric

Step 1

Concept

For every \((a,b) \in R\), \((b,a) \in R\) is also present. In symmetry, always check the reverse pair.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. यह सममित है / It is symmetric. For every \((a,b) \in R\), \((b,a) \in R\) is also present. In symmetry, always check the reverse pair.

Step 3

Exam Tip

हर \((a,b) \in R\) के साथ \((b,a) \in R\) भी है। सममितता में उल्टा युग्म अवश्य जांचें।

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\(A=\{1,2,3\}\) पर \(R=\{(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(1,2)\}\) प्रत्यासममित क्यों है?

Why is \(R=\{(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(1,2)\}\) on \(A=\{1,2,3\}\) antisymmetric?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. क्योंकि \((2,1) \notin R\)Because \((2,1) \notin R\)

Step 1

Concept

The reverse pair for distinct elements is not present. In antisymmetry, if ((a,b)) and ((b,a)) both occur, then (a=b) must hold.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. क्योंकि \((2,1) \notin R\) / Because \((2,1) \notin R\). The reverse pair for distinct elements is not present. In antisymmetry, if ((a,b)) and ((b,a)) both occur, then (a=b) must hold.

Step 3

Exam Tip

अलग तत्वों के लिए उल्टा युग्म साथ में नहीं है। प्रत्यासममित में ((a,b)) और ((b,a)) दोनों हों तो (a=b) होना चाहिए।

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\(A=\{1,2,3,4\}\) पर \(R=\{(a,b):a \mid b\}\) के बारे में सही विकल्प चुनिए।

For \(R=\{(a,b):a \mid b\}\) on \(A=\{1,2,3,4\}\), choose the correct option.

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. स्वसम और संकर्मकReflexive and transitive

Step 1

Concept

Every number divides itself and divisibility is transitive. But it is not symmetric since \(1 \mid 2\) while \(2 \nmid 1\).

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. स्वसम और संकर्मक / Reflexive and transitive. Every number divides itself and divisibility is transitive. But it is not symmetric since \(1 \mid 2\) while \(2 \nmid 1\).

Step 3

Exam Tip

हर संख्या स्वयं को भाग देती है और भाग देने का गुण संकर्मक होता है। पर यह सममित नहीं होता जैसे \(1 \mid 2\) पर \(2 \nmid 1\)।

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यदि \(A=\{1,2,3,4,5\}\) और \(R=\{(a,b):a+b=6\}\), तो (R) कैसा है?

If \(A=\{1,2,3,4,5\}\) and \(R=\{(a,b):a+b=6\}\), what type is (R)?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

B. सममितSymmetric

Step 1

Concept

If (a+b=6), then (b+a=6) also. Commutativity of addition gives symmetry.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. सममित / Symmetric. If (a+b=6), then (b+a=6) also. Commutativity of addition gives symmetry.

Step 3

Exam Tip

यदि (a+b=6) है तो (b+a=6) भी है। जोड़ की क्रमविनिमेयता से सममितता मिलती है।

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\(A=\{1,2,3\}\) पर कितने संबंध बनाए जा सकते हैं?

How many relations can be formed on \(A=\{1,2,3\}\)?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

C. \(2^9\)

Step 1

Concept

Because \(A \times A\) has (9) pairs and a relation is any subset of it. Remember the formula \(2^{n^2}\).

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is C. \(2^9\). Because \(A \times A\) has (9) pairs and a relation is any subset of it. Remember the formula \(2^{n^2}\).

Step 3

Exam Tip

क्योंकि \(A \times A\) में (9) युग्म हैं और संबंध उसका कोई भी उपसमुच्चय है। सूत्र \(2^{n^2}\) याद रखें।

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(A) में (4) तत्व हैं। (A) पर स्वसम संबंधों की संख्या कितनी है?

Set (A) has (4) elements. How many reflexive relations are there on (A)?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

B. \(2^{12}\)

Step 1

Concept

The (4) self-pairs are compulsory and the remaining (16-4=12) pairs are free. Hence the number is \(2^{12}\).

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. \(2^{12}\). The (4) self-pairs are compulsory and the remaining (16-4=12) pairs are free. Hence the number is \(2^{12}\).

Step 3

Exam Tip

(4) आत्म युग्म अनिवार्य हैं और बाकी (16-4=12) युग्म स्वतंत्र हैं। इसलिए संख्या \(2^{12}\) है।

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(A) में (3) तत्व हैं। (A) पर सममित संबंधों की संख्या कितनी है?

Set (A) has (3) elements. How many symmetric relations are there on (A)?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. \(2^6\)

Step 1

Concept

There are (3) self-pairs and (3) unordered off-diagonal pair choices. Total free choices are (3+3=6).

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. \(2^6\). There are (3) self-pairs and (3) unordered off-diagonal pair choices. Total free choices are (3+3=6).

Step 3

Exam Tip

(3) आत्म युग्म और (3) अन unordered जोड़े स्वतंत्र हैं। कुल स्वतंत्र चुनाव (3+3=6) हैं।

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(A) में (3) तत्व हैं। (A) पर प्रत्यासममित संबंधों की संख्या कितनी है?

Set (A) has (3) elements. How many antisymmetric relations are there on (A)?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. \(2^3\cdot 3^3\)

Step 1

Concept

Self-pairs give \(2^3\) choices and each distinct unordered pair gives (3) choices. Hence the number is \(2^3\cdot 3^3\).

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. \(2^3\cdot 3^3\). Self-pairs give \(2^3\) choices and each distinct unordered pair gives (3) choices. Hence the number is \(2^3\cdot 3^3\).

Step 3

Exam Tip

आत्म युग्मों के लिए \(2^3\) चुनाव और हर अलग जोड़े के लिए (3) चुनाव हैं। इसलिए संख्या \(2^3\cdot 3^3\) है।

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\(A=\{1,2,3\}\) पर \(R=\{(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(1,2),(2,3),(1,3)\}\) के लिए सही कथन चुनिए।

For \(R=\{(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(1,2),(2,3),(1,3)\}\) on \(A=\{1,2,3\}\), choose the correct statement.

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. यह संकर्मक हैIt is transitive

Step 1

Concept

From ((1,2)) and ((2,3)), ((1,3)) is present. All possible chains keep transitivity true.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. यह संकर्मक है / It is transitive. From ((1,2)) and ((2,3)), ((1,3)) is present. All possible chains keep transitivity true.

Step 3

Exam Tip

((1,2)) और ((2,3)) से ((1,3)) मौजूद है। सभी संभावित श्रृंखलाएं संकर्मकता को नहीं तोड़तीं।

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\(A=\{1,2,3\}\) पर \(R=\{(1,2),(2,3),(1,3)\}\) क्या संकर्मक है?

Is \(R=\{(1,2),(2,3),(1,3)\}\) transitive on \(A=\{1,2,3\}\)?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. हाँYes

Step 1

Concept

The required ((1,3)) is present for ((1,2)) and ((2,3)). In transitivity, check only actual chains.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. हाँ / Yes. The required ((1,3)) is present for ((1,2)) and ((2,3)). In transitivity, check only actual chains.

Step 3

Exam Tip

((1,2)) और ((2,3)) के लिए जरूरी ((1,3)) मौजूद है। संकर्मकता में केवल वास्तविक श्रृंखलाएं जांचें।

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\(A=\{1,2,3\}\) पर \(R=\{(1,2),(2,3)\}\) संकर्मक क्यों नहीं है?

Why is \(R=\{(1,2),(2,3)\}\) not transitive on \(A=\{1,2,3\}\)?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. क्योंकि \((1,3) \notin R\)Because \((1,3) \notin R\)

Step 1

Concept

Since ((1,2)) and ((2,3)) are present, transitivity needs ((1,3)). One missing required pair makes it false.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. क्योंकि \((1,3) \notin R\) / Because \((1,3) \notin R\). Since ((1,2)) and ((2,3)) are present, transitivity needs ((1,3)). One missing required pair makes it false.

Step 3

Exam Tip

((1,2)) और ((2,3)) होने पर संकर्मकता के लिए ((1,3)) चाहिए। एक कमी संकर्मकता को असत्य कर देती है।

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\(A=\mathbb{Z}\) पर (aRb) यदि (a-b) (3) से विभाज्य है। यह संबंध कैसा है?

On \(A=\mathbb{Z}\), (aRb) if (a-b) is divisible by (3). What type of relation is this?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. तुल्यता संबंधEquivalence relation

Step 1

Concept

It is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive. A same-remainder relation is a standard equivalence relation.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. तुल्यता संबंध / Equivalence relation. It is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive. A same-remainder relation is a standard equivalence relation.

Step 3

Exam Tip

यह स्वसम, सममित और संकर्मक तीनों है। समान शेषफल वाला संबंध सामान्य तुल्यता संबंध होता है।

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\(\mathbb{Z}\) पर (aRb) यदि (a-b) सम संख्या है। (5) किस तुल्यता वर्ग में होगा?

On \(\mathbb{Z}\), (aRb) if (a-b) is even. Which equivalence class contains (5)?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

B. सभी विषम पूर्णांकAll odd integers

Step 1

Concept

(5) is odd, and all integers differing from it by an even number are odd. An equivalence class contains all elements with the same property.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. सभी विषम पूर्णांक / All odd integers. (5) is odd, and all integers differing from it by an even number are odd. An equivalence class contains all elements with the same property.

Step 3

Exam Tip

(5) विषम है और उससे सम अंतर वाले सभी पूर्णांक विषम होंगे। तुल्यता वर्ग में समान गुण वाले सभी तत्व आते हैं।

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\(A=\{1,2,3,4,5,6\}\) पर (aRb) यदि \(a \equiv b \pmod{2}\)। तुल्यता वर्गों की संख्या कितनी है?

On \(A=\{1,2,3,4,5,6\}\), (aRb) if \(a \equiv b \pmod{2}\). How many equivalence classes are there?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

B. (2)

Step 1

Concept

Even and odd numbers form two separate classes. Under \( \pmod{2}\), only (2) remainders are possible.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. (2). Even and odd numbers form two separate classes. Under \( \pmod{2}\), only (2) remainders are possible.

Step 3

Exam Tip

सम और विषम दो अलग वर्ग बनते हैं। \( \pmod{2}\) में केवल (2) शेषफल संभव हैं।

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\(A=\{1,2,3,4\}\) पर \(R=\{(a,b):a\le b\}\) के लिए कौन सा कथन सही है?

For \(R=\{(a,b):a\le b\}\) on \(A=\{1,2,3,4\}\), which statement is correct?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. यह आंशिक क्रम हैIt is a partial order

Step 1

Concept

\(\le\) is reflexive, antisymmetric, and transitive. Therefore it is a partial order relation.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. यह आंशिक क्रम है / It is a partial order. \(\le\) is reflexive, antisymmetric, and transitive. Therefore it is a partial order relation.

Step 3

Exam Tip

\(\le\) स्वसम, प्रत्यासममित और संकर्मक है। इसलिए यह आंशिक क्रम संबंध है।

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\(A=\{1,2,3,4\}\) पर \(R=\{(a,b):a<b\}\) क्यों स्वसम नहीं है?

Why is \(R=\{(a,b):a<b\}\) on \(A=\{1,2,3,4\}\) not reflexive?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. क्योंकि ((a,a)) कभी नहीं हो सकताBecause ((a,a)) can never occur

Step 1

Concept

For no (a) is (a<a) true. Reflexivity requires every ((a,a)).

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. क्योंकि ((a,a)) कभी नहीं हो सकता / Because ((a,a)) can never occur. For no (a) is (a<a) true. Reflexivity requires every ((a,a)).

Step 3

Exam Tip

किसी भी (a) के लिए (a<a) असत्य है। स्वसमता के लिए सभी ((a,a)) चाहिए।

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रिक्त समुच्चय \(\varnothing\) पर बनाए गए संबंध \(R=\varnothing\) के लिए सही कथन क्या है?

For relation \(R=\varnothing\) on the empty set \(\varnothing\), what is the correct statement?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. यह स्वसम हैIt is reflexive

Step 1

Concept

There is no element in the empty set, so the condition is automatically true. On an empty base set, many properties are vacuously true.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. यह स्वसम है / It is reflexive. There is no element in the empty set, so the condition is automatically true. On an empty base set, many properties are vacuously true.

Step 3

Exam Tip

रिक्त समुच्चय में कोई तत्व नहीं है इसलिए शर्त स्वतः सत्य है। रिक्त आधार पर कई गुण vacuously true होते हैं।

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किसी भी अरिक्त समुच्चय (A) पर सार्वत्रिक संबंध \(R=A \times A\) कैसा होता है?

On any non-empty set (A), what is the universal relation \(R=A \times A\)?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. स्वसम और सममितReflexive and symmetric

Step 1

Concept

\(A \times A\) contains all pairs, so it is both reflexive and symmetric. It is also transitive but generally not antisymmetric.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. स्वसम और सममित / Reflexive and symmetric. \(A \times A\) contains all pairs, so it is both reflexive and symmetric. It is also transitive but generally not antisymmetric.

Step 3

Exam Tip

\(A \times A\) में सभी युग्म होते हैं इसलिए स्वसम और सममित दोनों हैं। यह संकर्मक भी होता है पर प्रत्यासममित सामान्यतः नहीं।

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अरिक्त समुच्चय (A) पर रिक्त संबंध \(R=\varnothing\) के लिए कौन सा कथन सही है?

For the empty relation \(R=\varnothing\) on a non-empty set (A), which statement is correct?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

B. यह सममित और संकर्मक हैIt is symmetric and transitive

Step 1

Concept

There is no violating pair or chain, so symmetry and transitivity are vacuously true. But on non-empty (A), it is not reflexive.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. यह सममित और संकर्मक है / It is symmetric and transitive. There is no violating pair or chain, so symmetry and transitivity are vacuously true. But on non-empty (A), it is not reflexive.

Step 3

Exam Tip

कोई विरोधी युग्म या श्रृंखला नहीं है इसलिए सममित और संकर्मक शर्तें स्वतः सत्य हैं। पर अरिक्त (A) पर यह स्वसम नहीं है।

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\((A={1,2,3,4}) पर (R={(a,b):a+b\) is odd}) कैसा है?

\(On (A={1,2,3,4}), what is (R={(a,b):a+b\) is odd})?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. सममित पर स्वसम नहींSymmetric but not reflexive

Step 1

Concept

If (a+b) is odd, then (b+a) is also odd. But (a+a) is always even, so it is not reflexive.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. सममित पर स्वसम नहीं / Symmetric but not reflexive. If (a+b) is odd, then (b+a) is also odd. But (a+a) is always even, so it is not reflexive.

Step 3

Exam Tip

(a+b) विषम हो तो (b+a) भी विषम है। पर (a+a) सदैव सम होता है इसलिए स्वसम नहीं।

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\((A={1,2,3,4}) पर (R={(a,b):a+b\) is even}) के लिए सही विकल्प चुनिए।

\(For (R={(a,b):a+b\) is even\(}) on (A={1,2,3,4}), choose the correct option.\)

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. तुल्यता संबंधEquivalence relation

Step 1

Concept

Elements with the same parity are related, so the relation is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive. It forms even and odd classes.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. तुल्यता संबंध / Equivalence relation. Elements with the same parity are related, so the relation is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive. It forms even and odd classes.

Step 3

Exam Tip

समान parity वाले तत्व जुड़े हैं इसलिए संबंध स्वसम, सममित और संकर्मक है। यह सम और विषम दो वर्ग बनाता है।

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\(A=\{1,2,3,4\}\) पर \(R=\{(a,b):|a-b|\le 1\}\) के बारे में सही कथन क्या है?

For \(R=\{(a,b):|a-b|\le 1\}\) on \(A=\{1,2,3,4\}\), what is correct?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. स्वसम और सममित पर संकर्मक नहींReflexive and symmetric but not transitive

Step 1

Concept

\(|a-a|\le 1\) and (|a-b|=|b-a|) are true. But ((1,2)) and ((2,3)) exist while ((1,3)) does not.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. स्वसम और सममित पर संकर्मक नहीं / Reflexive and symmetric but not transitive. \(|a-a|\le 1\) and (|a-b|=|b-a|) are true. But ((1,2)) and ((2,3)) exist while ((1,3)) does not.

Step 3

Exam Tip

\(|a-a|\le 1\) और (|a-b|=|b-a|) सत्य हैं। पर ((1,2)) और ((2,3)) हैं लेकिन ((1,3)) नहीं है।

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\(A=\{1,2,3,4,5\}\) पर \(R=\{(a,b):|a-b|=2\}\) के लिए कौन सा गुण सत्य है?

For \(R=\{(a,b):|a-b|=2\}\) on \(A=\{1,2,3,4,5\}\), which property is true?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. सममितSymmetric

Step 1

Concept

If (|a-b|=2), then (|b-a|=2) also. But ((a,a)) never occurs, so it is not reflexive.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. सममित / Symmetric. If (|a-b|=2), then (|b-a|=2) also. But ((a,a)) never occurs, so it is not reflexive.

Step 3

Exam Tip

(|a-b|=2) होने पर (|b-a|=2) भी होता है। पर ((a,a)) नहीं आता इसलिए स्वसम नहीं।

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\(A=\{1,2,3,4\}\) पर \(R=\{(a,b):a+2b=6\}\) में कितने युग्म हैं?

How many pairs are in \(R=\{(a,b):a+2b=6\}\) on \(A=\{1,2,3,4\}\)?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

B. (2) युग्म(2) pairs

Step 1

Concept

For (b=1), (a=4); for (b=2), (a=2). Thus ((4,1)) and ((2,2)) are the two pairs.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. (2) युग्म / (2) pairs. For (b=1), (a=4); for (b=2), (a=2). Thus ((4,1)) and ((2,2)) are the two pairs.

Step 3

Exam Tip

(b=1) पर (a=4) और (b=2) पर (a=2) मिलता है। इसलिए ((4,1)) और ((2,2)) दो युग्म हैं।

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\((A={1,2,3,4,5}) पर (R={(a,b):ab\) is even}) के लिए सही कथन चुनिए।

\(For (R={(a,b):ab\) is even\(}) on (A={1,2,3,4,5}), choose the correct statement.\)

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. यह सममित है पर स्वसम नहींIt is symmetric but not reflexive

Step 1

Concept

If (ab) is even, then (ba) is even. But pairs like ((1,1)) do not occur, so it is not reflexive.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. यह सममित है पर स्वसम नहीं / It is symmetric but not reflexive. If (ab) is even, then (ba) is even. But pairs like ((1,1)) do not occur, so it is not reflexive.

Step 3

Exam Tip

(ab) सम हो तो (ba) भी सम है। पर ((1,1)) जैसे युग्म नहीं आते इसलिए स्वसम नहीं।

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\(A=\{1,2,3,4,5,6\}\) पर \(R=\{(a,b):\gcd(a,b)=1\}\) के लिए कौन सा गुण सही है?

For \(R=\{(a,b):\gcd(a,b)=1\}\) on \(A=\{1,2,3,4,5,6\}\), which property is correct?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. सममितSymmetric

Step 1

Concept

(\gcd(a,b)=\gcd(b,a)). But (\gcd(2,2)=2), so it is not reflexive.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. सममित / Symmetric. (\gcd(a,b)=\gcd(b,a)). But (\gcd(2,2)=2), so it is not reflexive.

Step 3

Exam Tip

(\gcd(a,b)=\gcd(b,a)) होता है। पर (\gcd(2,2)=2) इसलिए यह स्वसम नहीं है।

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\(A=\{1,2,3,4,6,12\}\) पर (aRb) यदि \(a\mid b\)। (12) से संबंधित पहले अवयवों की संख्या कितनी है?

On \(A=\{1,2,3,4,6,12\}\), (aRb) if \(a\mid b\). How many first elements are related to (12)?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

D. (6)

Step 1

Concept

All elements of (A) divide (12). Therefore there are (6) pairs of the form ((a,12)).

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is D. (6). All elements of (A) divide (12). Therefore there are (6) pairs of the form ((a,12)).

Step 3

Exam Tip

(A) के सभी तत्व (12) को भाग देते हैं। इसलिए ((a,12)) के (6) युग्म बनेंगे।

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यदि (R) एक सममित संबंध है और \((2,5)\in R\), तो कौन सा युग्म अवश्य (R) में होगा?

If (R) is a symmetric relation and \((2,5)\in R\), which pair must be in (R)?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. ((5,2))

Step 1

Concept

In a symmetric relation, the reverse of every pair is also present. Therefore ((5,2)) is compulsory.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. ((5,2)). In a symmetric relation, the reverse of every pair is also present. Therefore ((5,2)) is compulsory.

Step 3

Exam Tip

सममित संबंध में हर युग्म का उल्टा युग्म भी होता है। इसलिए ((5,2)) अनिवार्य है।

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यदि (R) प्रत्यासममित है और \((3,7)\in R\), तो कौन सा युग्म (R) में नहीं हो सकता?

If (R) is antisymmetric and \((3,7)\in R\), which pair cannot be in (R)?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. ((7,3))

Step 1

Concept

For distinct elements (3) and (7), the reverse pair cannot occur together. This is the key test of antisymmetry.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. ((7,3)). For distinct elements (3) and (7), the reverse pair cannot occur together. This is the key test of antisymmetry.

Step 3

Exam Tip

अलग तत्वों (3) और (7) के लिए उल्टा युग्म साथ में नहीं हो सकता। यही प्रत्यासममितता की मुख्य जांच है।

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यदि (R) संकर्मक है और \((1,4)\in R\), \((4,6)\in R\), तो कौन सा युग्म अवश्य होगा?

If (R) is transitive and \((1,4)\in R\), \((4,6)\in R\), which pair must occur?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. ((1,6))

Step 1

Concept

In transitivity, ((a,b)) and ((b,c)) imply ((a,c)). Here (a=1), (b=4), and (c=6).

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. ((1,6)). In transitivity, ((a,b)) and ((b,c)) imply ((a,c)). Here (a=1), (b=4), and (c=6).

Step 3

Exam Tip

संकर्मकता में ((a,b)) और ((b,c)) से ((a,c)) मिलता है। यहां (a=1), (b=4), (c=6) हैं।

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\(A=\{1,2,3\}\) पर न्यूनतम स्वसम संबंध कौन सा है?

What is the smallest reflexive relation on \(A=\{1,2,3\}\)?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. ({(1,1),(2,2),(3,3)})

Step 1

Concept

The smallest reflexive relation contains only all self-pairs. Extra pairs are not necessary.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. ({(1,1),(2,2),(3,3)}). The smallest reflexive relation contains only all self-pairs. Extra pairs are not necessary.

Step 3

Exam Tip

न्यूनतम स्वसम संबंध में केवल सभी आत्म युग्म होते हैं। अतिरिक्त युग्म जरूरी नहीं हैं।

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\(A=\{1,2,3\}\) पर पहचान संबंध \(I_A\) कौन सा है?

Which is the identity relation \(I_A\) on \(A=\{1,2,3\}\)?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. ({(1,1),(2,2),(3,3)})

Step 1

Concept

The identity relation contains only pairs of the form ((a,a)). It is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. ({(1,1),(2,2),(3,3)}). The identity relation contains only pairs of the form ((a,a)). It is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive.

Step 3

Exam Tip

पहचान संबंध में केवल ((a,a)) प्रकार के युग्म होते हैं। यह स्वसम, सममित और संकर्मक होता है।

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\(A=\{1,2,3,4\}\) पर \(R=\{(a,b):a^2=b^2\}\) के बारे में सही कथन चुनिए।

For \(R=\{(a,b):a^2=b^2\}\) on \(A=\{1,2,3,4\}\), choose the correct statement.

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. यह पहचान संबंध हैIt is the identity relation

Step 1

Concept

Squares of distinct positive elements are not equal, so only ((a,a)) pairs occur. Hence it is the identity relation.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. यह पहचान संबंध है / It is the identity relation. Squares of distinct positive elements are not equal, so only ((a,a)) pairs occur. Hence it is the identity relation.

Step 3

Exam Tip

धनात्मक अलग तत्वों के वर्ग बराबर नहीं होते इसलिए केवल ((a,a)) युग्म मिलते हैं। इसलिए यह पहचान संबंध है।

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\(A=\{-2,-1,1,2\}\) पर \(R=\{(a,b):a^2=b^2\}\) कैसा है?

What is \(R=\{(a,b):a^2=b^2\}\) on \(A=\{-2,-1,1,2\}\)?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. तुल्यता संबंधEquivalence relation

Step 1

Concept

The equal-square relation is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive. Here (2) and (-2) fall in the same class.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. तुल्यता संबंध / Equivalence relation. The equal-square relation is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive. Here (2) and (-2) fall in the same class.

Step 3

Exam Tip

बराबर वर्ग वाला संबंध स्वसम, सममित और संकर्मक है। यहां (2) और (-2) एक ही वर्ग में आएंगे।

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\(A=\{1,2,3,4\}\) पर \(R=\{(a,b):a-b>0\}\) के लिए सही विकल्प क्या है?

For \(R=\{(a,b):a-b>0\}\) on \(A=\{1,2,3,4\}\), what is correct?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. यह संकर्मक है पर स्वसम नहींIt is transitive but not reflexive

Step 1

Concept

(a-b>0) means (a>b), and (>) is transitive. But (a>a) is false.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. यह संकर्मक है पर स्वसम नहीं / It is transitive but not reflexive. (a-b>0) means (a>b), and (>) is transitive. But (a>a) is false.

Step 3

Exam Tip

(a-b>0) का अर्थ (a>b) है और (>) संकर्मक है। पर (a>a) असत्य है।

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\(A=\{1,2,3,4,5\}\) पर \(R=\{(a,b):a+b\le 6\}\) के बारे में सही कथन चुनिए।

For \(R=\{(a,b):a+b\le 6\}\) on \(A=\{1,2,3,4,5\}\), choose the correct statement.

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. यह सममित हैIt is symmetric

Step 1

Concept

Because if \(a+b\le 6\), then \(b+a\le 6\) also. But ((5,5)) is absent, so it is not reflexive.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. यह सममित है / It is symmetric. Because if \(a+b\le 6\), then \(b+a\le 6\) also. But ((5,5)) is absent, so it is not reflexive.

Step 3

Exam Tip

क्योंकि \(a+b\le 6\) होने पर \(b+a\le 6\) भी होगा। पर ((5,5)) नहीं है इसलिए स्वसम नहीं।

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\(A=\{1,2,3,4\}\) पर \(R=\{(a,b):a+b\ge 5\}\) स्वसम क्यों नहीं है?

Why is \(R=\{(a,b):a+b\ge 5\}\) on \(A=\{1,2,3,4\}\) not reflexive?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. क्योंकि \((1,1)\notin R\)Because \((1,1)\notin R\)

Step 1

Concept

For ((1,1)), \(1+1\ge 5\) is false. One missing self-pair is enough to break reflexivity.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. क्योंकि \((1,1)\notin R\) / Because \((1,1)\notin R\). For ((1,1)), \(1+1\ge 5\) is false. One missing self-pair is enough to break reflexivity.

Step 3

Exam Tip

((1,1)) के लिए \(1+1\ge 5\) असत्य है। स्वसमता टूटने के लिए एक आत्म युग्म का गायब होना काफी है।

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\(A=\{1,2,3,4,5\}\) पर (R={(a,b):\(a\equiv b \pmod{3}\)}) में ([2]) क्या है?

On \(A=\{1,2,3,4,5\}\), for (R={(a,b):\(a\equiv b \pmod{3}\)}), what is ([2])?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. ({2,5})

Step 1

Concept

(2) and (5) have the same remainder modulo (3). ([2]) contains elements with the same remainder as (2).

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. ({2,5}). (2) and (5) have the same remainder modulo (3). ([2]) contains elements with the same remainder as (2).

Step 3

Exam Tip

(2) और (5) का \( \pmod{3}\) शेषफल समान है। ([2]) में (2) के समान शेषफल वाले तत्व आते हैं।

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\(A=\{1,2,3,4\}\) पर \(R=\{(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(4,4),(1,2),(2,1),(3,4),(4,3)\}\) कितने तुल्यता वर्ग बनाता है?

On \(A=\{1,2,3,4\}\), how many equivalence classes does \(R=\{(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(4,4),(1,2),(2,1),(3,4),(4,3)\}\) form?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

B. (2)

Step 1

Concept

The relation forms two groups, ({1,2}) and ({3,4}). Each group is one equivalence class.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. (2). The relation forms two groups, ({1,2}) and ({3,4}). Each group is one equivalence class.

Step 3

Exam Tip

संबंध ({1,2}) और ({3,4}) दो समूह बनाता है। हर समूह अलग तुल्यता वर्ग है।

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यदि (R) एक तुल्यता संबंध है और \((a,b)\in R\), तो कौन सा कथन सदैव सही है?

If (R) is an equivalence relation and \((a,b)\in R\), which statement is always true?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. ([a]=[b])

Step 1

Concept

In an equivalence relation, related elements lie in the same class. Hence their equivalence classes are equal.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. ([a]=[b]). In an equivalence relation, related elements lie in the same class. Hence their equivalence classes are equal.

Step 3

Exam Tip

तुल्यता संबंध में संबंधित तत्व एक ही वर्ग में होते हैं। इसलिए उनके तुल्यता वर्ग बराबर होते हैं।

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किसी समुच्चय (A) पर संबंध (R) को तुल्यता संबंध बनाने के लिए कौन से गुण जरूरी हैं?

Which properties are required for relation (R) on a set (A) to be an equivalence relation?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. स्वसम, सममित और संकर्मकReflexive, symmetric and transitive

Step 1

Concept

An equivalence relation needs all three properties together. If any one is missing, it is not an equivalence relation.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. स्वसम, सममित और संकर्मक / Reflexive, symmetric and transitive. An equivalence relation needs all three properties together. If any one is missing, it is not an equivalence relation.

Step 3

Exam Tip

तुल्यता संबंध के लिए तीनों गुण साथ चाहिए। कोई एक गुण छूटे तो वह तुल्यता संबंध नहीं होगा।

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किसी समुच्चय (A) पर संबंध (R) को आंशिक क्रम बनाने के लिए कौन से गुण चाहिए?

Which properties are needed for relation (R) on set (A) to be a partial order?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. स्वसम, प्रत्यासममित और संकर्मकReflexive, antisymmetric and transitive

Step 1

Concept

A partial order relation is reflexive, antisymmetric, and transitive. \(\le\) and \(\subseteq\) are good examples.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. स्वसम, प्रत्यासममित और संकर्मक / Reflexive, antisymmetric and transitive. A partial order relation is reflexive, antisymmetric, and transitive. \(\le\) and \(\subseteq\) are good examples.

Step 3

Exam Tip

आंशिक क्रम संबंध में स्वसमता, प्रत्यासममितता और संकर्मकता होती है। \(\le\) और \(\subseteq\) इसके अच्छे उदाहरण हैं।

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\(P=\{{1},{2},{1,2}\}\) पर संबंध \(R=\{(A,B):A\subseteq B\}\) कैसा है?

On \(P=\{{1},{2},{1,2}\}\), what is \(R=\{(A,B):A\subseteq B\}\)?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. आंशिक क्रमPartial order

Step 1

Concept

\(\subseteq\) is reflexive, antisymmetric, and transitive. Hence it is a partial order.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. आंशिक क्रम / Partial order. \(\subseteq\) is reflexive, antisymmetric, and transitive. Hence it is a partial order.

Step 3

Exam Tip

\(\subseteq\) स्वसम, प्रत्यासममित और संकर्मक है। इसलिए यह आंशिक क्रम है।

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\(A=\{1,2,3\}\) पर \(R=\{(a,b):a\ne b\}\) के लिए सही विकल्प चुनिए।

For \(R=\{(a,b):a\ne b\}\) on \(A=\{1,2,3\}\), choose the correct option.

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. सममित पर संकर्मक नहींSymmetric but not transitive

Step 1

Concept

If \(a\ne b\), then \(b\ne a\) also. But ((1,2)) and ((2,1)) would require ((1,1)), which is absent.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. सममित पर संकर्मक नहीं / Symmetric but not transitive. If \(a\ne b\), then \(b\ne a\) also. But ((1,2)) and ((2,1)) would require ((1,1)), which is absent.

Step 3

Exam Tip

यदि \(a\ne b\), तो \(b\ne a\) भी है। पर ((1,2)) और ((2,1)) से ((1,1)) चाहिए जो नहीं है।

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\(A=\{1,2,3,4\}\) पर \(R={(a,b):a\) और (b) का समान parity है(}) के लिए सही कथन क्या है?

For \(R={(a,b):a\) and (b) have the same parity(}) on \(A=\{1,2,3,4\}\), what is correct?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. यह तुल्यता संबंध हैIt is an equivalence relation

Step 1

Concept

Having the same parity is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive. It forms the classes ({1,3}) and ({2,4}).

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. यह तुल्यता संबंध है / It is an equivalence relation. Having the same parity is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive. It forms the classes ({1,3}) and ({2,4}).

Step 3

Exam Tip

समान parity होना स्वसम, सममित और संकर्मक है। यह ({1,3}) और ({2,4}) वर्ग बनाता है।

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\(A=\{1,2,3,4\}\) पर \(R={(a,b):a\) (b) से छोटा या बराबर है(}) में अधिकतम तत्व से संबंधित दूसरे अवयव कौन हैं जब पहला अवयव (4) है?

On \(A=\{1,2,3,4\}\), in \(R={(a,b):a\) is less than or equal to (b)(}), which second elements are related when the first element is (4)?

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Correct Answer

A. ({4})

Step 1

Concept

\(4\le b\) is true only for (b=4). No larger element exists after the maximum element.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. ({4}). \(4\le b\) is true only for (b=4). No larger element exists after the maximum element.

Step 3

Exam Tip

\(4\le b\) केवल (b=4) के लिए सत्य है। अधिकतम तत्व के बाद कोई बड़ा तत्व नहीं होता।

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\(A=\{1,2,3\}\) पर \(R=\{(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(1,2),(2,1)\}\) को तुल्यता संबंध बनाने के लिए कौन सा युग्म कम से कम जोड़ना होगा?

On \(A=\{1,2,3\}\), which minimum pair must be added to \(R=\{(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(1,2),(2,1)\}\) to make it an equivalence relation?

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Correct Answer

A. कोई युग्म नहींNo pair

Step 1

Concept

It is already reflexive, symmetric, and transitive. Its equivalence classes are ({1,2}) and ({3}).

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. कोई युग्म नहीं / No pair. It is already reflexive, symmetric, and transitive. Its equivalence classes are ({1,2}) and ({3}).

Step 3

Exam Tip

यह पहले से स्वसम, सममित और संकर्मक है। ({1,2}) और ({3}) इसके तुल्यता वर्ग हैं।

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