How is a major policy decision taken?

Information and reports help decision-makers understand the actual problem before choosing a policy. They may provide evidence about the size of an issue, the people affected, available resources, earlier results, and possible consequences of different actions. Decisions based on such evidence are more likely to address the real need and can later be evaluated using measurable facts. Reports also help institutions explain why a particular course of action was selected.

The other options are not purposes of collecting information. Reports do not close Parliament, stop voting, or remove the Constitution. They support reasoned discussion and responsible administration. Therefore option A is correct: reliable information and reports make policy decisions more fact-based instead of relying only on guesswork, slogans, or personal opinion.

Consultation helps understand weaknesses in policy. Remember consultative process for exams.

After Cabinet approval departments work toward implementation. Remember the sequence of approval and implementation for exams.

A government order gives official form to a decision. Understand it as a document for implementing policy in exams.

The executive implements government decisions. Remember the function of the executive for exams.

Elected representatives ask questions and express views on policy in Lok Sabha. Remember representation for exams.

Rajya Sabha also discusses bills and policies. Remember the role of both Houses of Parliament for exams.

Policy decisions can affect the lives of many people in society. Remember the link between policy and public life for exams.

In democracy people can express opinions on policy. Link public opinion with democracy in exams.

The judiciary can review to protect law and rights. Remember judicial review for exams.

The legislature influences policy by making laws and discussing issues. Remember accountability for exams.

The executive works to implement policies and laws. The key word for exams is implementation.

Major policy decisions involve different institutions, such as the legislature, executive and judiciary. Their separate roles prevent the concentration of power, allow decisions to be checked and ensure accountability. Option D is the opposite idea because it concentrates all power in one person, which is unsuitable in a democracy. Exam tip: Link the division of institutions with checks, balance and accountability.

Each department implements policy according to its responsibility. Remember departmental implementation for exams.

The Council of Ministers works under the leadership of the Prime Minister. Remember the PM's leadership role for exams.

Fixing responsibility makes the government accountable. Link accountability with democracy in exams.

Opposition exercises democratic control by questioning government policies. Remember the role of opposition for exams.

Questions in Parliament make the government answer. Remember Question Hour and accountability for exams.

Public response helps understand the impact of policy. Link public opinion and policy in exams.

Parliament's legislative role is important for making laws. Remember the relation between law and Parliament for exams.