Civics
Working of Institutions
संस्थाओं का कामकाज
In Class 9 Civics, the chapter Working of Institutions explains how major policy decisions are made through democratic institutions. It examines the roles and powers of Parliament, including the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, and describes the political executive: the President, Prime Minister, and Council of Ministers. The chapter also introduces the judiciary, its courts, and the importance of judicial independence in maintaining constitutional government.