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Civics

How is a major policy decision taken?

महत्वपूर्ण नीतिगत निर्णय कैसे लिया जाता है?

In this Class 9 Civics topic from “Working of Institutions,” students explore how a major policy decision moves through India’s democratic institutions. Using the example of a significant government decision, they learn about the roles of the Prime Minister, Council of Ministers, civil servants, Parliament and the judiciary. The topic explains consultation, official procedures, collective responsibility, public debate and institutional checks, helping students understand how political authority is exercised and held accountable.

TOPIC PRACTICE

Quiz this set

Up to 20 questions from this page. Select your focus, then start.

20 questions

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Expert · Level 55 · judicial review,constitution,fundamental rights
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  1. Policy must remain within the Constitution and fundamental rights
  2. Policy should be made only for judges
  3. Parliament should never make laws
  4. Council of Ministers should always take orders from court
Expert · Level 55 · Mandal Commission,reservation,policy complexity
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  1. Expert recommendation, political decision, social reaction and judicial test can come together
  2. Only the President decides everything without government
  3. Election Commission makes reservation policy
  4. Media gives final signature on law
Expert · Level 55 · commission,recommendation,government decision
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  1. Recommendation is advice; government may accept, modify or reject it
  2. Recommendation always automatically becomes law
  3. Commission is above the Prime Minister
  4. Government cannot read recommendations
Expert · Level 55 · public protest,dissent,policy feedback
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  1. It can reveal policy flaws, affected groups and democratic dissent
  2. It automatically abolishes the Constitution
  3. It turns Parliament into a private company
  4. It makes judiciary a campaign platform
Expert · Level 55 · government order,notification,implementation
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  1. It turns the decision into an administratively enforceable direction
  2. It permanently closes Parliament
  3. It lets court prepare the budget
  4. It turns election campaign into law
Expert · Level 55 · policy,law,legislative basis
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  1. Because policy may give direction but legal binding may need legislative basis
  2. Because policy is always a private diary
  3. Because law is always made without Parliament
  4. Because both have no relation with governance
Expert · Level 55 · budget,Finance Ministry,policy feasibility
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  1. Resource availability can determine feasibility and limits of policy
  2. Finance Ministry appoints all judges
  3. Budget keeps policy secret
  4. Finance Ministry runs opposition instead of Parliament
Expert · Level 55 · Question Hour,parliamentary oversight,policy accountability
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  1. They compel ministers to publicly answer on facts, reasons and implementation
  2. They make judiciary the Council of Ministers
  3. They turn voter list into budget
  4. They make the President leader of opposition
Expert · Level 55 · stakeholder consultation,policy acceptance,legitimacy
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  1. Real needs and acceptance of affected groups may be ignored
  2. President becomes Prime Minister
  3. Polling booths automatically increase
  4. Court campaigns for policy
Expert · Level 55 · reservation,equality,substantive equality
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  1. Whether it is a reasonable means to reduce historical disadvantage and increase real equality
  2. Whether it makes all policies private
  3. Whether it removes Parliament
  4. Whether it makes Election Commission a court
Expert · Level 55 · unconstitutional,constitutional supremacy,policy power
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  1. Policy power can be used only within constitutional limits
  2. Government is above the Constitution
  3. Court always makes policy
  4. Parliament can no longer make laws
Expert · Level 55 · media,civil society,public scrutiny
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  1. They create public accountability pressure outside formal institutions
  2. They are substitutes for President's assent
  3. They pass law without Parliament
  4. They end the judiciary
Expert · Level 55 · policy feasibility,populism,governance
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  1. Gap between populist announcement and feasibility
  2. Problem of judicial appointment
  3. Crisis of voter identity card
  4. Absence of Rajya Sabha membership
Expert · Level 55 · federalism,state consultation,policy implementation
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  1. When policy affects states' powers, resources or administrative role
  2. When policy only changes chairs in Parliament
  3. When policy changes the court's name
  4. When policy changes symbols without changing voter age
Expert · Level 55 · ordinance,Parliament,democratic caution
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  1. Because it can temporarily bypass regular law-making by Parliament
  2. Because ordinance is always issued by court
  3. Because ordinance has no relation with Constitution
  4. Because ordinances automatically cancel elections
Expert · Level 55 · departmental coordination,implementation,governance
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  1. Because inconsistency among departments affects service, resources and monitoring
  2. Because Prime Minister becomes opposition
  3. Because President runs the court
  4. Because Lok Sabha prepares voter list
Expert · Level 55 · policy evaluation,outcome,effectiveness
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  1. Because outcomes, justice, access and effectiveness must also be examined
  2. Because expenditure has no relation with policy
  3. Because expenditure always makes a policy successful
  4. Because only court spends money
Expert · Level 55 · implementation,monitoring,beneficiary delivery
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  1. Implementation and monitoring
  2. President's citizenship
  3. Colour of polling booth
  4. Election of the Election Commission
Expert · Level 55 · transparency,confidentiality,public accountability
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  1. So necessary strategy remains secure and final decision remains accountable to people
  2. So people never know the policy
  3. So Parliament is always kept in the dark
  4. So court never questions policy
Expert · Level 55 · parliamentary committee,scrutiny,detailed review
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  1. A committee can deeply examine expert and technical aspects with limited members
  2. A committee gives punishment instead of court
  3. A committee elects the Prime Minister
  4. A committee suspends the Constitution