C. देश में उत्पादित अंतिम वस्तुओं और सेवाओं का मूल्य/Value of final goods and services produced in a country
Step 1
Concept
GDP measures total output of the economy. In exams link GDP with national output.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. देश में उत्पादित अंतिम वस्तुओं और सेवाओं का मूल्य / Value of final goods and services produced in a country. GDP measures total output of the economy. In exams link GDP with national output.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सकल घरेलू उत्पाद अर्थव्यवस्था के कुल उत्पादन का माप है। परीक्षा में GDP को national output से जोड़ें।
A. आय और कीमत स्तर की समझ/Understanding income and price level
Step 1
Concept
Real income is understood by adjusting money income with price level. In exams remember income and price link.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. आय और कीमत स्तर की समझ / Understanding income and price level. Real income is understood by adjusting money income with price level. In exams remember income and price link.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मौद्रिक आय को कीमत स्तर से समायोजित करने पर वास्तविक आय का विचार आता है। परीक्षा में income और price link याद रखें।
Gross domestic product is a major macro indicator linked with national income measurement. In exams, identify it as GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. सकल घरेलू उत्पाद / Gross domestic product. Gross domestic product is a major macro indicator linked with national income measurement. In exams, identify it as GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सकल घरेलू उत्पाद राष्ट्रीय आय मापन से जुड़ा प्रमुख समष्टि सूचक है। परीक्षा में इसे GDP के रूप में पहचानें।
Gross domestic product is the value of final goods and services produced in a year. Hence it is a flow.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. प्रवाह चर / Flow variable. Gross domestic product is the value of final goods and services produced in a year. Hence it is a flow.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सकल घरेलू उत्पाद एक वर्ष में उत्पादित अंतिम वस्तुओं और सेवाओं का मूल्य है। इसलिए यह प्रवाह है।
Gross domestic product is the value of goods and services produced during a period such as a year so it is a flow. In exams, link production with a period.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. प्रवाह / Flow. Gross domestic product is the value of goods and services produced during a period such as a year so it is a flow. In exams, link production with a period.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सकल घरेलू उत्पाद एक वर्ष जैसी अवधि में उत्पादित वस्तुओं और सेवाओं का मूल्य है इसलिए यह प्रवाह है। परीक्षा में उत्पादन को अवधि से जोड़ें।
Deducting depreciation from gross domestic product gives net domestic product. In exams deduct depreciation to move from gross to net.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. शुद्ध घरेलू उत्पाद / Net domestic product. Deducting depreciation from gross domestic product gives net domestic product. In exams deduct depreciation to move from gross to net.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सकल घरेलू उत्पाद से मूल्यह्रास घटाने पर शुद्ध घरेलू उत्पाद मिलता है। परीक्षा में सकल से शुद्ध जाने के लिए मूल्यह्रास घटाएं।
A. जब शुद्ध निवेश धनात्मक हो/When net investment is positive
Step 1
Concept
Positive net investment shows real addition to capital. Therefore capital stock may increase.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब शुद्ध निवेश धनात्मक हो / When net investment is positive. Positive net investment shows real addition to capital. Therefore capital stock may increase.
Step 3
Exam Tip
धनात्मक शुद्ध निवेश पूंजी में वास्तविक जोड़ दिखाता है। इसलिए पूंजी भंडार बढ़ सकता है।
Net domestic product is obtained by subtracting depreciation from gross domestic product. In exams, subtract depreciation to move from gross to net.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शुद्ध घरेलू उत्पाद / Net domestic product. Net domestic product is obtained by subtracting depreciation from gross domestic product. In exams, subtract depreciation to move from gross to net.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सकल घरेलू उत्पाद में से मूल्यह्रास घटाने पर शुद्ध घरेलू उत्पाद मिलता है। परीक्षा में सकल से शुद्ध के लिए depreciation घटाएँ।
Net investment shows net addition to capital stock. In exams, connect capital stock growth with net investment.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शुद्ध निवेश / Net investment. Net investment shows net addition to capital stock. In exams, connect capital stock growth with net investment.
Step 3
Exam Tip
शुद्ध निवेश पूंजी स्टॉक में शुद्ध जोड़ दिखाता है। परीक्षा में capital stock growth को net investment से जोड़ें।
D. कारक सेवाओं और वस्तुओं के प्रवाह/Flow of factor services and goods
Step 1
Concept
Real flow involves the exchange of goods services and factor services. Money payment is not the main focus here.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. कारक सेवाओं और वस्तुओं के प्रवाह / Flow of factor services and goods. Real flow involves the exchange of goods services and factor services. Money payment is not the main focus here.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वास्तविक प्रवाह में वस्तुओं सेवाओं और कारक सेवाओं का आदान-प्रदान होता है। इसमें मुद्रा भुगतान मुख्य नहीं होता।
C. दोनों विपरीत दिशाओं में चलते हैं/Both move in opposite directions
Step 1
Concept
Real flow and money flow move in opposite directions. This is useful in diagram based questions.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. दोनों विपरीत दिशाओं में चलते हैं / Both move in opposite directions. Real flow and money flow move in opposite directions. This is useful in diagram based questions.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वास्तविक प्रवाह और मौद्रिक प्रवाह एक-दूसरे के विपरीत दिशा में चलते हैं। यह चित्र आधारित प्रश्नों में उपयोगी है।
A. क्योंकि वास्तविक प्रवाह वस्तुओं और सेवाओं का प्रवाह है/Because real flow is the flow of goods and services
Step 1
Concept
Real flow shows physical goods services and factor services. Money payments come under money flow.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि वास्तविक प्रवाह वस्तुओं और सेवाओं का प्रवाह है / Because real flow is the flow of goods and services. Real flow shows physical goods services and factor services. Money payments come under money flow.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वास्तविक प्रवाह भौतिक वस्तुओं सेवाओं और कारक सेवाओं को दिखाता है। मुद्रा भुगतान मौद्रिक प्रवाह में आता है।
A. परिवारों से फर्मों को श्रम सेवा/Labour service from households to firms
Step 1
Concept
Labour service is a factor service and its movement is real flow. Money payment is not real flow.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. परिवारों से फर्मों को श्रम सेवा / Labour service from households to firms. Labour service is a factor service and its movement is real flow. Money payment is not real flow.
Step 3
Exam Tip
श्रम सेवा कारक सेवा है और इसका प्रवाह वास्तविक प्रवाह है। मुद्रा भुगतान वास्तविक प्रवाह नहीं होता।
Wage payment is made in money so it is money flow. Real flow includes goods services and factor services.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. मजदूरी भुगतान / Wage payment. Wage payment is made in money so it is money flow. Real flow includes goods services and factor services.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मजदूरी भुगतान मुद्रा में होता है इसलिए यह मौद्रिक प्रवाह है। वास्तविक प्रवाह में वस्तुएं सेवाएं और कारक सेवाएं आती हैं।
A. कारक सेवाएं और वस्तुएं/Factor services and goods
Step 1
Concept
Factor services and goods come under real flow. Wages and consumption expenditure are money flow.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कारक सेवाएं और वस्तुएं / Factor services and goods. Factor services and goods come under real flow. Wages and consumption expenditure are money flow.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कारक सेवाएं और वस्तुएं वास्तविक प्रवाह में आती हैं। मजदूरी और उपभोग व्यय मौद्रिक प्रवाह हैं।
Factor services move in real form from households to firms. Firms make money payment in return.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कारक सेवाएं / Factor services. Factor services move in real form from households to firms. Firms make money payment in return.
Step 3
Exam Tip
परिवारों से फर्मों को कारक सेवाएं वास्तविक रूप में जाती हैं। इनके बदले फर्म मुद्रा में भुगतान करती हैं।
Depreciation is deducted to get net domestic product from gross domestic product. Remember the difference between gross and net in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास / Depreciation. Depreciation is deducted to get net domestic product from gross domestic product. Remember the difference between gross and net in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सकल से शुद्ध घरेलू उत्पाद पाने के लिए मूल्यह्रास घटाया जाता है। परीक्षा में सकल और शुद्ध का अंतर याद रखें।
The sum of final expenditures gives \(GDP_{MP}\) in the expenditure method. Depreciation and tax adjustments are made later.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(GDP_{MP}\). The sum of final expenditures gives \(GDP_{MP}\) in the expenditure method. Depreciation and tax adjustments are made later.
Step 3
Exam Tip
व्यय विधि में अंतिम व्ययों का योग \(GDP_{MP}\) देता है। बाद में मूल्यह्रास और कर समायोजन किए जाते हैं।
A. मूल्यह्रास घटाएं, शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर घटाएं, (NFIA) जोड़ें/Deduct depreciation, deduct net indirect taxes, add (NFIA)
Step 1
Concept
First \(GDP_{MP}\) gives \(NDP_{MP}\), then \(NDP_{FC}\), and then national income. Remembering the sequence makes numericals easy.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास घटाएं, शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर घटाएं, (NFIA) जोड़ें / Deduct depreciation, deduct net indirect taxes, add (NFIA). First \(GDP_{MP}\) gives \(NDP_{MP}\), then \(NDP_{FC}\), and then national income. Remembering the sequence makes numericals easy.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पहले \(GDP_{MP}\) से \(NDP_{MP}\), फिर \(NDP_{FC}\) और फिर राष्ट्रीय आय मिलती है। क्रम याद रखने से संख्यात्मक प्रश्न आसान होते हैं।
A. शुद्ध विदेशी कारक आय/Net factor income from abroad
Step 1
Concept
GNP is obtained by adding net factor income from abroad to GDP. Therefore (NFIA) is the main difference between the two.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शुद्ध विदेशी कारक आय / Net factor income from abroad. GNP is obtained by adding net factor income from abroad to GDP. Therefore (NFIA) is the main difference between the two.
Step 3
Exam Tip
जीडीपी में शुद्ध विदेशी कारक आय जोड़ने से जीएनपी मिलता है। इसलिए (NFIA) दोनों के बीच मुख्य अंतर है।
A. (GNP), (GDP) से अधिक होगा/(GNP) will be greater than (GDP)
Step 1
Concept
When positive (NFIA) is added GNP becomes greater than GDP. In exams remember the effect of positive and negative (NFIA).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (GNP), (GDP) से अधिक होगा / (GNP) will be greater than (GDP). When positive (NFIA) is added GNP becomes greater than GDP. In exams remember the effect of positive and negative (NFIA).
Step 3
Exam Tip
धनात्मक (NFIA) जोड़ने पर जीएनपी जीडीपी से बढ़ जाता है। परीक्षा में धनात्मक और ऋणात्मक (NFIA) का प्रभाव याद रखें।
A. सामान्य निवासियों द्वारा अर्जित सकल राष्ट्रीय उत्पाद/Gross national product earned by normal residents
Step 1
Concept
GNP shows gross product related to normal residents. Production only inside the country is more related to GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. सामान्य निवासियों द्वारा अर्जित सकल राष्ट्रीय उत्पाद / Gross national product earned by normal residents. GNP shows gross product related to normal residents. Production only inside the country is more related to GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
जीएनपी सामान्य निवासियों से संबंधित सकल उत्पाद को दर्शाता है। केवल देश के अंदर उत्पादन जीडीपी से अधिक संबंधित है।
GNP is a national concept because it is related to normal residents. GDP is more related to domestic territory concept.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. राष्ट्रीय अवधारणा / National concept. GNP is a national concept because it is related to normal residents. GDP is more related to domestic territory concept.
Step 3
Exam Tip
जीएनपी राष्ट्रीय अवधारणा है क्योंकि यह सामान्य निवासियों से जुड़ा है। जीडीपी घरेलू सीमा की अवधारणा से अधिक जुड़ा है।
A. घरेलू उत्पाद और राष्ट्रीय उत्पाद का अंतर/Difference between domestic product and national product
Step 1
Concept
GNP is national product while GDP is domestic product. This difference is understood through (NFIA).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. घरेलू उत्पाद और राष्ट्रीय उत्पाद का अंतर / Difference between domestic product and national product. GNP is national product while GDP is domestic product. This difference is understood through (NFIA).
Step 3
Exam Tip
जीएनपी राष्ट्रीय उत्पाद है जबकि जीडीपी घरेलू उत्पाद है। इस अंतर को (NFIA) से समझा जाता है।
B. शुद्ध विदेशी कारक आय/Net factor income from abroad
Step 1
Concept
To calculate GNP, (NFIA) is added to GDP. It is important to use the correct sign of (NFIA).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. शुद्ध विदेशी कारक आय / Net factor income from abroad. To calculate GNP, (NFIA) is added to GDP. It is important to use the correct sign of (NFIA).
Step 3
Exam Tip
जीएनपी निकालने के लिए जीडीपी में (NFIA) जोड़ा जाता है। (NFIA) का संकेत सही लगाना जरूरी है।
A. शुद्ध विदेशी कारक आय/Net factor income from abroad
Step 1
Concept
(NFIA) is the difference between factor income received from abroad and paid abroad. It converts GDP into GNP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शुद्ध विदेशी कारक आय / Net factor income from abroad. (NFIA) is the difference between factor income received from abroad and paid abroad. It converts GDP into GNP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
(NFIA) विदेश से प्राप्त और विदेश को दी गई कारक आय का अंतर है। यही जीडीपी को जीएनपी में बदलता है।
B. शुद्ध विदेशी कारक आय/Net factor income from abroad
Step 1
Concept
The difference between GNP and GDP comes from (NFIA). If (NFIA) is zero, both will be equal.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. शुद्ध विदेशी कारक आय / Net factor income from abroad. The difference between GNP and GDP comes from (NFIA). If (NFIA) is zero, both will be equal.
Step 3
Exam Tip
जीएनपी और जीडीपी का अंतर (NFIA) से आता है। (NFIA) शून्य हो तो दोनों बराबर होंगे।
Adding positive (NFIA) to GDP increases GNP. Therefore GNP becomes greater than GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब (NFIA) धनात्मक हो / When (NFIA) is positive. Adding positive (NFIA) to GDP increases GNP. Therefore GNP becomes greater than GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
धनात्मक (NFIA) को जीडीपी में जोड़ने से जीएनपी बढ़ता है। इसलिए जीएनपी जीडीपी से अधिक हो जाता है।
When negative (NFIA) is added, GNP decreases. In such a case GNP will be less than GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. जब (NFIA) ऋणात्मक हो / When (NFIA) is negative. When negative (NFIA) is added, GNP decreases. In such a case GNP will be less than GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
ऋणात्मक (NFIA) जोड़ने पर जीएनपी घट जाता है। ऐसे में जीएनपी जीडीपी से कम होगा।
A. \(GDP_{MP}\) में (NFIA) जोड़कर/By adding (NFIA) to \(GDP_{MP}\)
Step 1
Concept
\(GNP_{MP}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA\). It converts domestic product into national product.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(GDP_{MP}\) में (NFIA) जोड़कर / By adding (NFIA) to \(GDP_{MP}\). \(GNP_{MP}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA\). It converts domestic product into national product.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GNP_{MP}=GDP_{MP}+NFIA\) होता है। यह घरेलू उत्पाद को राष्ट्रीय उत्पाद में बदलता है।
A. सामान्य निवासियों की अवधारणा/Concept of normal residents
Step 1
Concept
GDP is based on domestic territory while GNP is based on normal residents. (NFIA) helps in this conversion.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. सामान्य निवासियों की अवधारणा / Concept of normal residents. GDP is based on domestic territory while GNP is based on normal residents. (NFIA) helps in this conversion.
Step 3
Exam Tip
जीडीपी घरेलू सीमा पर आधारित है जबकि जीएनपी सामान्य निवासियों पर आधारित है। (NFIA) इस बदलाव में मदद करता है।
For basic understanding of GNP, remembering (GNP=GDP+NFIA) is necessary. It shows the relation from domestic to national product.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (GNP=GDP+NFIA). For basic understanding of GNP, remembering (GNP=GDP+NFIA) is necessary. It shows the relation from domestic to national product.
Step 3
Exam Tip
जीएनपी की मूल समझ के लिए (GNP=GDP+NFIA) याद रखना जरूरी है। यह घरेलू से राष्ट्रीय उत्पाद का संबंध बताता है।
A. शुद्ध विदेशी कारक आय/Net factor income from abroad
Step 1
Concept
To obtain GNP, (NFIA) is added to GDP. This converts domestic product into national product.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शुद्ध विदेशी कारक आय / Net factor income from abroad. To obtain GNP, (NFIA) is added to GDP. This converts domestic product into national product.
Step 3
Exam Tip
जीएनपी प्राप्त करने के लिए जीडीपी में (NFIA) जोड़ा जाता है। यही घरेलू उत्पाद को राष्ट्रीय उत्पाद बनाता है।
GDP is Gross Domestic Product produced within domestic territory. Adding (NFIA) gives GNP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. सकल घरेलू उत्पाद / Gross Domestic Product. GDP is Gross Domestic Product produced within domestic territory. Adding (NFIA) gives GNP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
जीडीपी घरेलू सीमा में उत्पादित सकल घरेलू उत्पाद है। इसमें (NFIA) जोड़ने पर जीएनपी मिलता है।
A. शुद्ध विदेशी कारक आय/Net factor income from abroad
Step 1
Concept
The difference between GNP and GDP comes from (NFIA). (NFIA) converts domestic product into national product.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शुद्ध विदेशी कारक आय / Net factor income from abroad. The difference between GNP and GDP comes from (NFIA). (NFIA) converts domestic product into national product.
Step 3
Exam Tip
जीएनपी और जीडीपी के बीच अंतर (NFIA) से आता है। (NFIA) घरेलू उत्पाद को राष्ट्रीय उत्पाद में बदलता है।
A. जीएनपी जीडीपी से अधिक होगा/GNP will be greater than GDP
Step 1
Concept
Positive (NFIA) is added to GDP. Therefore GNP becomes greater than GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जीएनपी जीडीपी से अधिक होगा / GNP will be greater than GDP. Positive (NFIA) is added to GDP. Therefore GNP becomes greater than GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
धनात्मक (NFIA) जीडीपी में जुड़ता है। इसलिए जीएनपी जीडीपी से अधिक हो जाता है।
A. जीएनपी जीडीपी से कम होगा/GNP will be less than GDP
Step 1
Concept
Adding negative (NFIA) means subtracting from GDP. Hence GNP is less than GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जीएनपी जीडीपी से कम होगा / GNP will be less than GDP. Adding negative (NFIA) means subtracting from GDP. Hence GNP is less than GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
ऋणात्मक (NFIA) जोड़ने का अर्थ जीडीपी से घटाना है। इसलिए जीएनपी जीडीपी से कम होता है।
The basic relation of GNP is with GDP and (NFIA). It is important to keep the sign of (NFIA) correct in this formula.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (GNP=GDP+NFIA). The basic relation of GNP is with GDP and (NFIA). It is important to keep the sign of (NFIA) correct in this formula.
Step 3
Exam Tip
जीएनपी का मूल संबंध जीडीपी और (NFIA) से है। इस सूत्र में (NFIA) का संकेत सही रखना जरूरी है।
A. NFIA जोड़ना और depreciation घटाना/Add NFIA and subtract depreciation
Step 1
Concept
To move from GDP to NNP, both national and net adjustments are needed. Remember (NNP = GDP + NFIA - Depreciation) in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA जोड़ना और depreciation घटाना / Add NFIA and subtract depreciation. To move from GDP to NNP, both national and net adjustments are needed. Remember (NNP = GDP + NFIA - Depreciation) in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP से NNP के लिए national adjustment और net adjustment दोनों चाहिए। परीक्षा में (NNP = GDP + NFIA - Depreciation) याद रखें।
To derive NNP from GDP add NFIA and subtract depreciation. In exams remember national and net adjustments together.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. (NNP = GDP + NFIA - Depreciation). To derive NNP from GDP add NFIA and subtract depreciation. In exams remember national and net adjustments together.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP से NNP के लिए NFIA जोड़कर depreciation घटाते हैं। परीक्षा में national और net adjustments साथ याद रखें।
To derive NNP from GDP add NFIA and subtract depreciation. Remember both national and net adjustments in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (NNP = GDP + NFIA - Depreciation). To derive NNP from GDP add NFIA and subtract depreciation. Remember both national and net adjustments in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP से NNP के लिए NFIA जोड़कर depreciation घटाते हैं। परीक्षा में national और net दोनों समायोजन याद रखें।
NNP (= 1200 + 30 - 100 = 1130) crore. In exams remember the two steps while moving from GDP to NNP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. ₹1130 करोड़ / ₹1130 crore. NNP (= 1200 + 30 - 100 = 1130) crore. In exams remember the two steps while moving from GDP to NNP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP (= 1200 + 30 - 100 = 1130) करोड़ होगा। परीक्षा में GDP से NNP जाते समय दो steps याद रखें।
NNP (= 1500 - 50 - 200 = 1250) crore. In exams subtract negative NFIA from GDP and also subtract depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹1250 करोड़ / ₹1250 crore. NNP (= 1500 - 50 - 200 = 1250) crore. In exams subtract negative NFIA from GDP and also subtract depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP (= 1500 - 50 - 200 = 1250) करोड़ होगा। परीक्षा में negative NFIA को GDP से घटाएं और depreciation भी घटाएं।
GDP means Gross Domestic Product. In exams remember GDP as production within domestic territory.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. सकल घरेलू उत्पाद / Gross Domestic Product. GDP means Gross Domestic Product. In exams remember GDP as production within domestic territory.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP का अर्थ सकल घरेलू उत्पाद होता है। परीक्षा में GDP को घरेलू क्षेत्र में उत्पादन से जोड़कर याद रखें।
GDP measures production within the domestic territory of a country. Pay special attention to the term domestic territory in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. घरेलू क्षेत्र / Domestic territory. GDP measures production within the domestic territory of a country. Pay special attention to the term domestic territory in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP देश के घरेलू क्षेत्र में हुए उत्पादन को मापता है। परीक्षा में domestic territory शब्द पर विशेष ध्यान दें।
A. अंतिम वस्तुएं और सेवाएं/Final goods and services
Step 1
Concept
GDP includes the value of final goods and services. Adding intermediate goods separately causes double counting in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अंतिम वस्तुएं और सेवाएं / Final goods and services. GDP includes the value of final goods and services. Adding intermediate goods separately causes double counting in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP में final goods and services का मूल्य लिया जाता है। परीक्षा में intermediate goods को अलग जोड़ने से double counting होती है।
A. देश की आर्थिक सीमा के भीतर उत्पादन/Production within the economic territory of the country
Step 1
Concept
Domestic means production within economic territory. In exams keep domestic and national concepts separate.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. देश की आर्थिक सीमा के भीतर उत्पादन / Production within the economic territory of the country. Domestic means production within economic territory. In exams keep domestic and national concepts separate.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Domestic का अर्थ economic territory के भीतर उत्पादन है। परीक्षा में domestic और national concepts को अलग रखें।
GDP is a gross measure because depreciation is not deducted. In exams understand gross as value before depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. सकल माप / Gross measure. GDP is a gross measure because depreciation is not deducted. In exams understand gross as value before depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP सकल माप है क्योंकि इसमें depreciation घटाया नहीं जाता। परीक्षा में gross का अर्थ depreciation से पहले की value समझें।
The difference between GDP and NDP is depreciation. In exams subtract depreciation to move from gross to net.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास / Depreciation. The difference between GDP and NDP is depreciation. In exams subtract depreciation to move from gross to net.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP और NDP का अंतर depreciation होता है। परीक्षा में gross से net जाने के लिए depreciation घटाएं।
A. GDP से मूल्यह्रास घटाना/Subtract depreciation from GDP
Step 1
Concept
NDP (= GDP - Depreciation). In exams subtract depreciation from GDP to get net domestic product.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GDP से मूल्यह्रास घटाना / Subtract depreciation from GDP. NDP (= GDP - Depreciation). In exams subtract depreciation from GDP to get net domestic product.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NDP (= GDP - Depreciation) होता है। परीक्षा में GDP से net domestic product पाने के लिए depreciation घटाएं।
A. विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय/Net factor income from abroad
Step 1
Concept
GDP is a domestic concept and GNP is a national concept, so the difference comes from NFIA. Add NFIA in domestic-national conversion.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय / Net factor income from abroad. GDP is a domestic concept and GNP is a national concept, so the difference comes from NFIA. Add NFIA in domestic-national conversion.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP domestic concept है और GNP national concept है, इसलिए अंतर NFIA से आता है। परीक्षा में domestic-national conversion में NFIA जोड़ें।
Adding negative NFIA reduces GNP. In exams treat a negative sign like subtraction.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GNP GDP से कम होगा / GNP will be less than GDP. Adding negative NFIA reduces GNP. In exams treat a negative sign like subtraction.
Step 3
Exam Tip
ऋणात्मक NFIA जोड़ने पर GNP कम हो जाता है। परीक्षा में negative sign को subtraction जैसा समझें।
A. अप्रत्यक्ष कर और सब्सिडी/Indirect taxes and subsidies
Step 1
Concept
Market price includes the effect of indirect taxes and subsidies. Link the difference between MP and FC with NIT.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अप्रत्यक्ष कर और सब्सिडी / Indirect taxes and subsidies. Market price includes the effect of indirect taxes and subsidies. Link the difference between MP and FC with NIT.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Market price में indirect taxes और subsidies का प्रभाव शामिल होता है। परीक्षा में MP और FC के अंतर को NIT से जोड़ें।
A. साधन लागत पर सकल घरेलू उत्पाद/Gross Domestic Product at factor cost
Step 1
Concept
GDPFC means gross domestic product at factor cost. Remember FC by linking it with factor payments.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. साधन लागत पर सकल घरेलू उत्पाद / Gross Domestic Product at factor cost. GDPFC means gross domestic product at factor cost. Remember FC by linking it with factor payments.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDPFC का अर्थ factor cost पर gross domestic product है। परीक्षा में FC को factor payments से जोड़कर याद रखें।
GDPFC (= GDPMP - NIT). In exams subtract NIT when moving from market price to factor cost.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर / Net indirect taxes. GDPFC (= GDPMP - NIT). In exams subtract NIT when moving from market price to factor cost.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDPFC (= GDPMP - NIT) होता है। परीक्षा में market price से factor cost जाते समय NIT घटाएं।
GDP generally measures production during one accounting year. Treat income aggregates as period-based flows in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. एक लेखा वर्ष / One accounting year. GDP generally measures production during one accounting year. Treat income aggregates as period-based flows in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP सामान्यतः एक लेखा वर्ष में हुए उत्पादन को मापता है। परीक्षा में income aggregates को period based flow समझें।
A. क्योंकि वह चालू वर्ष का उत्पादन नहीं है/Because it is not current year production
Step 1
Concept
Old goods were already counted when produced earlier. Do not include the full value of second-hand goods in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि वह चालू वर्ष का उत्पादन नहीं है / Because it is not current year production. Old goods were already counted when produced earlier. Do not include the full value of second-hand goods in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुराने सामान का उत्पादन पहले ही गिना जा चुका होता है। परीक्षा में second-hand goods की full value include न करें।
A. क्योंकि यह चालू वर्ष की सेवा है/Because it is current year service
Step 1
Concept
Broker commission is service income of the current year. Understand the difference between old good value and service charge.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह चालू वर्ष की सेवा है / Because it is current year service. Broker commission is service income of the current year. Understand the difference between old good value and service charge.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Broker commission वर्तमान वर्ष की सेवा आय है। परीक्षा में old good value और service charge का अंतर समझें।
A. दोहरे गणना से बचने के लिए/To avoid double counting
Step 1
Concept
Intermediate goods are included in the value of final goods. Take final goods to avoid double counting in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दोहरे गणना से बचने के लिए / To avoid double counting. Intermediate goods are included in the value of final goods. Take final goods to avoid double counting in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Intermediate goods final goods के मूल्य में शामिल होती हैं। परीक्षा में double counting से बचने के लिए final goods लें।
A. भुगतान वाली डॉक्टर consultation/Paid doctor consultation
Step 1
Concept
Paid doctor consultation is a current productive service, so it is included in GDP. Include paid market services in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. भुगतान वाली डॉक्टर consultation / Paid doctor consultation. Paid doctor consultation is a current productive service, so it is included in GDP. Include paid market services in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Paid doctor consultation वर्तमान उत्पादक सेवा है इसलिए GDP में शामिल होगी। परीक्षा में paid market services को include करें।
A. क्योंकि उसका market valuation कठिन है/Because its market valuation is difficult
Step 1
Concept
Reliable market value of unpaid household services is difficult to determine. Keep non-market personal services separate in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि उसका market valuation कठिन है / Because its market valuation is difficult. Reliable market value of unpaid household services is difficult to determine. Keep non-market personal services separate in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Unpaid household services का reliable market value तय करना कठिन होता है। परीक्षा में non-market personal services को अलग रखें।
A. क्योंकि इनके बदले current production नहीं होता/Because there is no current production in return
Step 1
Concept
No current productive service is received in return for transfer payments. Keep pension and scholarship separate from factor income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि इनके बदले current production नहीं होता / Because there is no current production in return. No current productive service is received in return for transfer payments. Keep pension and scholarship separate from factor income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Transfer payments के बदले कोई वर्तमान उत्पादक सेवा नहीं मिलती। परीक्षा में pension और scholarship को factor income से अलग रखें।
Scholarship is a transfer payment because no productive service is received in return. Treat wages rent and profit as factor income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. छात्रवृत्ति / Scholarship. Scholarship is a transfer payment because no productive service is received in return. Treat wages rent and profit as factor income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Scholarship transfer payment है क्योंकि इसके बदले productive service नहीं मिलती। परीक्षा में wages rent profit को factor income समझें।
A. क्योंकि यह उत्पादन सेवा का भुगतान है/Because it is payment for productive service
Step 1
Concept
Wages are the reward for productive service of labour. Identify factor payments under income method in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह उत्पादन सेवा का भुगतान है / Because it is payment for productive service. Wages are the reward for productive service of labour. Identify factor payments under income method in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मजदूरी श्रम की productive service का reward है। परीक्षा में factor payments को income method में पहचानें।
In expenditure method consumption, investment, government expenditure and net exports are added. In exams understand (X-M) as net exports.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (GDP = C + I + G + (X-M)). In expenditure method consumption, investment, government expenditure and net exports are added. In exams understand (X-M) as net exports.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Expenditure method में consumption, investment, government expenditure और net exports जोड़े जाते हैं। परीक्षा में (X-M) को net exports समझें।
A. निजी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय/Private final consumption expenditure
Step 1
Concept
(C) denotes private final consumption expenditure. Link household consumption with (C) in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. निजी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय / Private final consumption expenditure. (C) denotes private final consumption expenditure. Link household consumption with (C) in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
(C) private final consumption expenditure को दर्शाता है। परीक्षा में household consumption को (C) से जोड़ें।
A. सरकारी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय/Government final consumption expenditure
Step 1
Concept
(G) denotes government final consumption expenditure. Link government purchases and services with (G) in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. सरकारी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय / Government final consumption expenditure. (G) denotes government final consumption expenditure. Link government purchases and services with (G) in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
(G) government final consumption expenditure को दर्शाता है। परीक्षा में सरकारी खरीद और सेवाओं को (G) से जोड़ें।
(X-M) means exports minus imports, or net exports. Remember that imports are subtracted in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शुद्ध निर्यात / Net exports. (X-M) means exports minus imports, or net exports. Remember that imports are subtracted in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
(X-M) exports minus imports यानी net exports है। परीक्षा में imports को घटाया जाता है यह याद रखें।
A. हां, क्योंकि यह domestic territory में हुआ/Yes because it occurred in domestic territory
Step 1
Concept
GDP includes production within domestic territory. In exams focus on location, not ownership.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. हां, क्योंकि यह domestic territory में हुआ / Yes because it occurred in domestic territory. GDP includes production within domestic territory. In exams focus on location, not ownership.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP domestic territory में हुए production को शामिल करता है। परीक्षा में ownership नहीं, location पर ध्यान दें।
A. क्योंकि GDP domestic territory पर आधारित है/Because GDP is based on domestic territory
Step 1
Concept
GDP takes production within the country's economic territory. In exams see income from abroad under NFIA.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि GDP domestic territory पर आधारित है / Because GDP is based on domestic territory. GDP takes production within the country's economic territory. In exams see income from abroad under NFIA.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP में देश की economic territory के भीतर production लिया जाता है। परीक्षा में विदेश से आय को NFIA में देखें।
A. घरेलू उत्पादन का आकार/Size of domestic production
Step 1
Concept
GDP shows the size of domestic output of an economy. Do not treat GDP as a complete measure of welfare in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. घरेलू उत्पादन का आकार / Size of domestic production. GDP shows the size of domestic output of an economy. Do not treat GDP as a complete measure of welfare in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP economy के domestic output size को दिखाता है। परीक्षा में GDP को welfare का complete measure न मानें।
A. क्योंकि यह distribution और non-market factors पूरी तरह नहीं दिखाता/Because it does not fully show distribution and non-market factors
Step 1
Concept
GDP shows output but not all aspects of welfare. Remember limitations in welfare questions.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह distribution और non-market factors पूरी तरह नहीं दिखाता / Because it does not fully show distribution and non-market factors. GDP shows output but not all aspects of welfare. Remember limitations in welfare questions.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP output बताता है पर welfare के सभी पहलू नहीं दिखाता। परीक्षा में welfare questions में limitations याद रखें।
A. नहीं, GDP gross measure है/No, GDP is a gross measure
Step 1
Concept
Depreciation is not deducted in GDP. In exams deducting depreciation gives NDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. नहीं, GDP gross measure है / No, GDP is a gross measure. Depreciation is not deducted in GDP. In exams deducting depreciation gives NDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP में depreciation घटाया नहीं जाता। परीक्षा में depreciation घटाने पर NDP मिलता है।
A. वर्तमान वर्ष की कीमतों पर/At current year prices
Step 1
Concept
Current price GDP is measured at current year prices. Understand the difference between current and constant prices in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वर्तमान वर्ष की कीमतों पर / At current year prices. Current price GDP is measured at current year prices. Understand the difference between current and constant prices in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Current price GDP वर्तमान वर्ष की prices पर मापा जाता है। परीक्षा में current और constant prices का अंतर समझें।
Constant price GDP is measured at base year prices. Link real GDP with constant prices in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. आधार वर्ष की कीमतों पर / At base year prices. Constant price GDP is measured at base year prices. Link real GDP with constant prices in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Constant price GDP base year prices पर मापा जाता है। परीक्षा में real GDP को constant prices से जोड़ें।
Nominal GDP is GDP measured at current prices. In exams connect nominal with current price.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Current prices पर GDP / GDP at current prices. Nominal GDP is GDP measured at current prices. In exams connect nominal with current price.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Nominal GDP current prices पर measured GDP है। परीक्षा में nominal को current price से जोड़ें।
Real GDP is GDP measured at constant prices. Remember real with base year prices in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Constant prices पर GDP / GDP at constant prices. Real GDP is GDP measured at constant prices. Remember real with base year prices in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Real GDP constant prices पर measured GDP है। परीक्षा में real को base year prices से जोड़कर याद रखें।
A. Nominal GDP और Real GDP/Nominal GDP and Real GDP
Step 1
Concept
GDP deflator shows price level through the relation of nominal and real GDP. Treat it like a price index in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Nominal GDP और Real GDP / Nominal GDP and Real GDP. GDP deflator shows price level through the relation of nominal and real GDP. Treat it like a price index in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP deflator nominal और real GDP के संबंध से price level बताता है। परीक्षा में इसे price index की तरह समझें।
A. \(GDP\ Deflator=\frac{Nominal\ GDP}{Real\ GDP}\times100\)
Step 1
Concept
GDP deflator divides nominal GDP by real GDP and multiplies by 100. Keep nominal GDP in the numerator in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(GDP\ Deflator=\frac{Nominal\ GDP}{Real\ GDP}\times100\). GDP deflator divides nominal GDP by real GDP and multiplies by 100. Keep nominal GDP in the numerator in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP deflator nominal GDP को real GDP से divide करके 100 से multiply करता है। परीक्षा में numerator में nominal GDP रखें।
A. वास्तविक उत्पादन में वृद्धि/Increase in real output
Step 1
Concept
Real GDP shows output change after removing price changes. Link real growth with production growth in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वास्तविक उत्पादन में वृद्धि / Increase in real output. Real GDP shows output change after removing price changes. Link real growth with production growth in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Real GDP price changes हटाकर output change दिखाती है। परीक्षा में real growth को production growth से जोड़ें।
A. यह domestic territory में final goods and services का gross value है/It is the gross value of final goods and services in domestic territory
Step 1
Concept
GDP is a gross domestic measure of final output. Remember the three keywords domestic, gross and final goods in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह domestic territory में final goods and services का gross value है / It is the gross value of final goods and services in domestic territory. GDP is a gross domestic measure of final output. Remember the three keywords domestic, gross and final goods in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP final output का gross domestic measure है। परीक्षा में domestic, gross और final goods तीनों keywords याद रखें।
A. घरेलू क्षेत्र में अंतिम उत्पादन/Final output in domestic territory
Step 1
Concept
GDP measures final output in domestic territory. In exams treat GDP as a location-based aggregate.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. घरेलू क्षेत्र में अंतिम उत्पादन / Final output in domestic territory. GDP measures final output in domestic territory. In exams treat GDP as a location-based aggregate.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP domestic territory में final output को मापता है। परीक्षा में GDP को location-based aggregate समझें।
A. मूल्यह्रास घटाया नहीं गया है/Depreciation has not been deducted
Step 1
Concept
Gross means value before deducting depreciation. In exams distinguish gross and net through depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास घटाया नहीं गया है / Depreciation has not been deducted. Gross means value before deducting depreciation. In exams distinguish gross and net through depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Gross का अर्थ depreciation घटाने से पहले की value है। परीक्षा में gross और net का अंतर depreciation से करें।
A. देश के भीतर विदेशी बैंक की सेवा/Service of a foreign bank within the country
Step 1
Concept
GDP takes production within the economic territory of the country. In exams check territory instead of ownership.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. देश के भीतर विदेशी बैंक की सेवा / Service of a foreign bank within the country. GDP takes production within the economic territory of the country. In exams check territory instead of ownership.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP देश की economic territory में हुए production को लेता है। परीक्षा में ownership की जगह territory देखें।
A. दोहरे गणना से बचने के लिए/To avoid double counting
Step 1
Concept
Taking final goods avoids double counting of intermediate goods. Remember the final output rule in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दोहरे गणना से बचने के लिए / To avoid double counting. Taking final goods avoids double counting of intermediate goods. Remember the final output rule in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Final goods लेने से intermediate goods की double counting नहीं होती। परीक्षा में final output rule याद रखें।
A. Final car में लगी tyre का अलग मूल्य/Separate value of tyre used in a final car
Step 1
Concept
The value of tyre is included in the price of the final car. Do not add intermediate inputs separately in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Final car में लगी tyre का अलग मूल्य / Separate value of tyre used in a final car. The value of tyre is included in the price of the final car. Do not add intermediate inputs separately in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Tyre का मूल्य final car के price में शामिल होता है। परीक्षा में intermediate inputs को अलग से न जोड़ें।
NIT means net indirect taxes. In exams connect it with indirect taxes minus subsidies.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर / Net indirect taxes. NIT means net indirect taxes. In exams connect it with indirect taxes minus subsidies.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NIT का अर्थ net indirect taxes है। परीक्षा में इसे indirect taxes minus subsidies से जोड़ें।
A. क्योंकि यह निश्चित अवधि में मापा जाता है/Because it is measured over a specific period
Step 1
Concept
GDP is measured over a period such as an accounting year. Treat output aggregates as flow variables in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह निश्चित अवधि में मापा जाता है / Because it is measured over a specific period. GDP is measured over a period such as an accounting year. Treat output aggregates as flow variables in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP एक accounting year जैसी अवधि में मापा जाता है। परीक्षा में output aggregates को flow समझें।
A. क्योंकि यह current production नहीं है/Because it is not current production
Step 1
Concept
An old house was already counted when produced earlier. Do not include the full value of second-hand assets in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह current production नहीं है / Because it is not current production. An old house was already counted when produced earlier. Do not include the full value of second-hand assets in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुराना घर पहले उत्पादन में गिना जा चुका होता है। परीक्षा में second-hand assets की full value include न करें।
A. क्योंकि यह current service है/Because it is a current service
Step 1
Concept
Agent fee is payment for a current service. Keep old asset and current service charge separate in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह current service है / Because it is a current service. Agent fee is payment for a current service. Keep old asset and current service charge separate in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Agent fee चालू वर्ष की सेवा का भुगतान है। परीक्षा में old asset और current service charge को अलग रखें।
A new book is final output of the current year. Distinguish current production from transfers and resale in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. नई पुस्तक की बिक्री / Sale of a new book. A new book is final output of the current year. Distinguish current production from transfers and resale in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नई पुस्तक चालू वर्ष का final output है। परीक्षा में current production को transfer और resale से अलग पहचानें।
A. क्योंकि यह transfer payment है/Because it is a transfer payment
Step 1
Concept
No current productive service is received in return for scholarship. Keep transfer payments outside GDP in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह transfer payment है / Because it is a transfer payment. No current productive service is received in return for scholarship. Keep transfer payments outside GDP in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Scholarship के बदले current productive service नहीं मिलती। परीक्षा में transfer payments को GDP से बाहर रखें।
A. क्योंकि उसका imputed market value लगाया जा सकता है/Because its imputed market value can be assigned
Step 1
Concept
Self-consumed farm output is marketable production. Distinguish own-produced goods from unpaid household services in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि उसका imputed market value लगाया जा सकता है / Because its imputed market value can be assigned. Self-consumed farm output is marketable production. Distinguish own-produced goods from unpaid household services in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Self-consumed farm output marketable production है। परीक्षा में own-produced goods और unpaid household services में अंतर करें।
A. क्योंकि इसका reliable market valuation कठिन है/Because its reliable market valuation is difficult
Step 1
Concept
Reliable market value of unpaid household service is difficult to determine. Treat non-market personal services as excluded in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि इसका reliable market valuation कठिन है / Because its reliable market valuation is difficult. Reliable market value of unpaid household service is difficult to determine. Treat non-market personal services as excluded in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Unpaid household service का reliable market value तय करना कठिन होता है। परीक्षा में non-market personal services को exclude मानें।
A. (C), (I), (G), और (X-M)/(C), (I), (G), and (X-M)
Step 1
Concept
Expenditure method includes consumption, investment, government expenditure and net exports. Remember (X-M) as net exports.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (C), (I), (G), और (X-M) / (C), (I), (G), and (X-M). Expenditure method includes consumption, investment, government expenditure and net exports. Remember (X-M) as net exports.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Expenditure method में consumption, investment, government expenditure और net exports आते हैं। परीक्षा में (X-M) को net exports याद रखें।
A. क्योंकि imports घरेलू उत्पादन नहीं हैं/Because imports are not domestic production
Step 1
Concept
Imports are foreign production, so they are subtracted from domestic product. Subtract M in (X-M) in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि imports घरेलू उत्पादन नहीं हैं / Because imports are not domestic production. Imports are foreign production, so they are subtracted from domestic product. Subtract M in (X-M) in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Imports विदेशी उत्पादन होते हैं, इसलिए domestic product से घटाए जाते हैं। परीक्षा में (X-M) में M को subtract करें।
A. उत्पादन साधनों की आय/Income of factors of production
Step 1
Concept
In income method factor incomes are added. Remember wages, rent, interest and profit in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उत्पादन साधनों की आय / Income of factors of production. In income method factor incomes are added. Remember wages, rent, interest and profit in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Income method में factor incomes को जोड़ा जाता है। परीक्षा में wages, rent, interest और profit को याद रखें।
Employee wage is a reward for productive service. Keep factor income and transfer income separate in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कर्मचारी वेतन / Employee wage. Employee wage is a reward for productive service. Keep factor income and transfer income separate in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Employee wage productive service का reward है। परीक्षा में factor income और transfer income अलग रखें।
A. क्योंकि prices बढ़ने से भी nominal GDP बढ़ सकता है/Because nominal GDP can rise due to higher prices
Step 1
Concept
Nominal GDP is at current prices, so it includes the effect of price rise. Understand nominal and real growth separately.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि prices बढ़ने से भी nominal GDP बढ़ सकता है / Because nominal GDP can rise due to higher prices. Nominal GDP is at current prices, so it includes the effect of price rise. Understand nominal and real growth separately.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Nominal GDP current prices पर होता है, इसलिए price rise का असर शामिल होता है। परीक्षा में nominal और real growth अलग समझें।
A. क्योंकि यह constant prices पर मापा जाता है/Because it is measured at constant prices
Step 1
Concept
Real GDP reduces the effect of price changes. Link real GDP with output volume in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह constant prices पर मापा जाता है / Because it is measured at constant prices. Real GDP reduces the effect of price changes. Link real GDP with output volume in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Real GDP price changes के प्रभाव को कम करता है। परीक्षा में real GDP को output volume से जोड़ें।
GDP deflator indicates price level using nominal and real GDP. Treat it like a broad price index in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्य स्तर सूचक / Price level indicator. GDP deflator indicates price level using nominal and real GDP. Treat it like a broad price index in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP deflator nominal और real GDP से price level बताता है। परीक्षा में इसे broad price index की तरह समझें।
Nominal GDP comes in the numerator of GDP deflator. Remember \(GDP\ Deflator=\frac{Nominal\ GDP}{Real\ GDP}\times100\).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Nominal GDP. Nominal GDP comes in the numerator of GDP deflator. Remember \(GDP\ Deflator=\frac{Nominal\ GDP}{Real\ GDP}\times100\).
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP deflator में nominal GDP numerator में आता है। परीक्षा में formula \(GDP\ Deflator=\frac{Nominal\ GDP}{Real\ GDP}\times100\) याद रखें।
A. GDP को population से भाग देकर/By dividing GDP by population
Step 1
Concept
Per capita GDP is obtained by dividing total GDP by population. Understand it as average output per person.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GDP को population से भाग देकर / By dividing GDP by population. Per capita GDP is obtained by dividing total GDP by population. Understand it as average output per person.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Per capita GDP कुल GDP को population से divide करके मिलता है। परीक्षा में average output per person समझें।
GDP shows output growth, but welfare is also affected by distribution, pollution and non-market factors. Remember welfare limitations.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अपूर्ण कथन / Incomplete statement. GDP shows output growth, but welfare is also affected by distribution, pollution and non-market factors. Remember welfare limitations.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP output growth दिखाता है पर welfare पर distribution, pollution और non-market factors भी असर डालते हैं। परीक्षा में welfare limitations याद रखें।
A. क्योंकि negative externalities अलग से मापना कठिन हो सकता है/Because negative externalities may be difficult to measure separately
Step 1
Concept
GDP focuses on market value, so external costs like pollution may not be fully shown. Remember this as a welfare limitation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि negative externalities अलग से मापना कठिन हो सकता है / Because negative externalities may be difficult to measure separately. GDP focuses on market value, so external costs like pollution may not be fully shown. Remember this as a welfare limitation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP market value पर focus करता है, इसलिए pollution जैसे external costs पूरी तरह नहीं दिख सकते। परीक्षा में welfare limitation के रूप में याद रखें।
A. Reliable data उपलब्ध नहीं होता/Reliable data is not available
Step 1
Concept
Official reliable records of illegal activities are not available. Understand measurement limitations of GDP in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Reliable data उपलब्ध नहीं होता / Reliable data is not available. Official reliable records of illegal activities are not available. Understand measurement limitations of GDP in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Illegal activities का official reliable record नहीं मिलता। परीक्षा में GDP measurement limitations समझें।
Inventory change is considered part of investment. Link stock of unsold goods with the investment component in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Investment. Inventory change is considered part of investment. Link stock of unsold goods with the investment component in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Inventory change investment का भाग माना जाता है। परीक्षा में stock of unsold goods को investment component से जोड़ें।
A. सरकारी स्कूल की शिक्षक सेवा पर खर्च/Expenditure on teacher service in government school
Step 1
Concept
Expenditure on government teacher service is a current final service. Keep government purchase and transfer payment separate.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. सरकारी स्कूल की शिक्षक सेवा पर खर्च / Expenditure on teacher service in government school. Expenditure on government teacher service is a current final service. Keep government purchase and transfer payment separate.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सरकारी शिक्षक सेवा पर खर्च current final service है। परीक्षा में government purchase और transfer payment अलग रखें।
A. परिवार द्वारा नई किताब खरीदना/A household buying a new book
Step 1
Concept
A household buying a new book is final consumption. Link household final purchase with the (C) component.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. परिवार द्वारा नई किताब खरीदना / A household buying a new book. A household buying a new book is final consumption. Link household final purchase with the (C) component.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Household की नई किताब खरीद final consumption है। परीक्षा में household final purchase को (C) component से जोड़ें।
A. नए capital goods और inventories पर व्यय/Expenditure on new capital goods and inventories
Step 1
Concept
Gross investment includes capital formation and inventory change. Distinguish investment from purchase of financial assets.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. नए capital goods और inventories पर व्यय / Expenditure on new capital goods and inventories. Gross investment includes capital formation and inventory change. Distinguish investment from purchase of financial assets.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Gross investment capital formation और inventory change को शामिल करता है। परीक्षा में investment को financial asset purchase से अलग रखें।
A. क्योंकि यह current production नहीं है/Because it is not current production
Step 1
Concept
Purchase of old shares is a financial asset transfer, not current output. Separate financial and production transactions in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह current production नहीं है / Because it is not current production. Purchase of old shares is a financial asset transfer, not current output. Separate financial and production transactions in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Old shares की खरीद financial asset transfer है, current output नहीं। परीक्षा में financial transactions और production transactions अलग करें।
A. चालू लेखा वर्ष में उत्पादित output/Output produced in the current accounting year
Step 1
Concept
Current production is output of the current accounting year. Keep resale of past production separate in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. चालू लेखा वर्ष में उत्पादित output / Output produced in the current accounting year. Current production is output of the current accounting year. Keep resale of past production separate in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Current production चालू accounting year का output है। परीक्षा में past production की resale को अलग रखें।
A. Domestic territory आधारित है, national residents आधारित है/Domestic is territory-based, national is residents-based
Step 1
Concept
GDP is based on domestic territory while GNP is based on national residents. Link this difference with NFIA in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Domestic territory आधारित है, national residents आधारित है / Domestic is territory-based, national is residents-based. GDP is based on domestic territory while GNP is based on national residents. Link this difference with NFIA in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP domestic territory पर आधारित है जबकि GNP national residents पर आधारित है। परीक्षा में इस difference को NFIA से जोड़ें।
Gross, domestic and final output are the three basic keywords for understanding GDP. Most easy questions are solved through them.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Gross, Domestic, Final output. Gross, domestic and final output are the three basic keywords for understanding GDP. Most easy questions are solved through them.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP को समझने के लिए gross, domestic और final output तीन basic keywords हैं। परीक्षा में इन्हीं से अधिकांश easy questions solve होते हैं।
A. देश के घरेलू क्षेत्र में final goods and services का सकल मूल्य/Gross value of final goods and services in domestic territory
Step 1
Concept
GDP is the gross value of final output in domestic territory. In exams remember GDP as gross domestic final output.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. देश के घरेलू क्षेत्र में final goods and services का सकल मूल्य / Gross value of final goods and services in domestic territory. GDP is the gross value of final output in domestic territory. In exams remember GDP as gross domestic final output.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP domestic territory में final output का gross value है। परीक्षा में GDP को gross domestic final output के रूप में याद रखें।
A. मूल्यह्रास घटाने से पहले/Before deducting depreciation
Step 1
Concept
Gross means the amount before deducting depreciation. Distinguish gross and net through depreciation in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास घटाने से पहले / Before deducting depreciation. Gross means the amount before deducting depreciation. Distinguish gross and net through depreciation in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Gross का अर्थ depreciation घटाने से पहले की राशि है। परीक्षा में gross और net को depreciation से अलग करें।
A. आर्थिक क्षेत्र के आधार पर/On the basis of economic territory
Step 1
Concept
The word domestic indicates economic territory. Treat domestic product as a location-based concept in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. आर्थिक क्षेत्र के आधार पर / On the basis of economic territory. The word domestic indicates economic territory. Treat domestic product as a location-based concept in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Domestic शब्द economic territory को दिखाता है। परीक्षा में domestic product को location-based concept समझें।
Final goods are included in GDP. Adding intermediate goods separately causes double counting in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अंतिम वस्तुएं / Final goods. Final goods are included in GDP. Adding intermediate goods separately causes double counting in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP में final goods शामिल होती हैं। परीक्षा में intermediate goods को अलग जोड़ने से double counting होती है।
GDP is gross and NDP is net, so the difference comes from depreciation. Remember (NDP=GDP-Depreciation).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास / Depreciation. GDP is gross and NDP is net, so the difference comes from depreciation. Remember (NDP=GDP-Depreciation).
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP gross है और NDP net है इसलिए अंतर depreciation से आता है। परीक्षा में (NDP=GDP-Depreciation) याद रखें।
A. विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय/Net factor income from abroad
Step 1
Concept
GDP is domestic and GNP is national, so NFIA adjustment is needed. Remember (GNP=GDP+NFIA).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय / Net factor income from abroad. GDP is domestic and GNP is national, so NFIA adjustment is needed. Remember (GNP=GDP+NFIA).
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP domestic है और GNP national है इसलिए NFIA adjustment जरूरी है। परीक्षा में (GNP=GDP+NFIA) याद रखें।
A. बाजार कीमत पर सकल घरेलू उत्पाद/Gross Domestic Product at Market Price
Step 1
Concept
GDPMP is GDP measured at market price. Remember MP means market price in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. बाजार कीमत पर सकल घरेलू उत्पाद / Gross Domestic Product at Market Price. GDPMP is GDP measured at market price. Remember MP means market price in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDPMP market price पर measured GDP है। परीक्षा में MP का अर्थ market price याद रखें।
A. साधन लागत पर सकल घरेलू उत्पाद/Gross Domestic Product at Factor Cost
Step 1
Concept
GDPFC is GDP measured at factor cost. Connect FC with factor cost in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. साधन लागत पर सकल घरेलू उत्पाद / Gross Domestic Product at Factor Cost. GDPFC is GDP measured at factor cost. Connect FC with factor cost in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDPFC factor cost पर measured GDP है। परीक्षा में FC को factor cost से जोड़ें।
A. क्योंकि यह वर्तमान सेवा है/Because it is a current service
Step 1
Concept
Dealer commission is current year service income. Separate old good value and service commission in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह वर्तमान सेवा है / Because it is a current service. Dealer commission is current year service income. Separate old good value and service commission in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Dealer commission current year service income है। परीक्षा में old good value और service commission को अलग करें।
Unemployment allowance is a transfer payment. Do not include payments received without productive service in GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. बेरोजगारी भत्ता / Unemployment allowance. Unemployment allowance is a transfer payment. Do not include payments received without productive service in GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Unemployment allowance transfer payment है। परीक्षा में productive service के बिना मिले payment को GDP में include न करें।
Rent is a reward of the land factor, so it is factor income. Identify rent, wage, interest and profit in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. भूमि का किराया / Rent of land. Rent is a reward of the land factor, so it is factor income. Identify rent, wage, interest and profit in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Rent land factor का reward है इसलिए factor income है। परीक्षा में rent, wage, interest और profit को पहचानें।
A. Reliable market valuation कठिन है/Reliable market valuation is difficult
Step 1
Concept
Market value of unpaid household work is difficult to determine. Keep non-market personal services separate.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Reliable market valuation कठिन है / Reliable market valuation is difficult. Market value of unpaid household work is difficult to determine. Keep non-market personal services separate.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Unpaid household work का market value तय करना कठिन होता है। परीक्षा में non-market personal services को अलग रखें।
A. किसान द्वारा अपने लिए रखी गई फसल का अनुमानित मूल्य/Imputed value of crop kept by farmer for self-use
Step 1
Concept
Self-consumed farm output is marketable production, so it can be included through imputed value. Separate own produced goods and unpaid services.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. किसान द्वारा अपने लिए रखी गई फसल का अनुमानित मूल्य / Imputed value of crop kept by farmer for self-use. Self-consumed farm output is marketable production, so it can be included through imputed value. Separate own produced goods and unpaid services.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Self-consumed farm output marketable production है इसलिए imputed value से include हो सकता है। परीक्षा में own produced goods और unpaid services अलग करें।
Expenditure method includes consumption, investment, government expenditure and net exports. Subtract imports in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (GDP=C+I+G+(X-M)). Expenditure method includes consumption, investment, government expenditure and net exports. Subtract imports in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Expenditure method में consumption, investment, government expenditure और net exports शामिल होते हैं। परीक्षा में imports को subtract करें।
(C) shows final consumption expenditure of households. Treat consumer spending as (C) in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Private final consumption expenditure. (C) shows final consumption expenditure of households. Treat consumer spending as (C) in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
(C) households के final consumption expenditure को दिखाता है। परीक्षा में consumer spending को (C) समझें।
(G) is government final consumption expenditure. Separate government purchases from transfer payments in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Government final consumption expenditure. (G) is government final consumption expenditure. Separate government purchases from transfer payments in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
(G) government final consumption expenditure है। परीक्षा में government purchases को transfer payments से अलग करें।
A. क्योंकि वे घरेलू उत्पादन नहीं हैं/Because they are not domestic production
Step 1
Concept
Imports are foreign production, so they are subtracted from domestic output. Understand the logic of (X-M).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि वे घरेलू उत्पादन नहीं हैं / Because they are not domestic production. Imports are foreign production, so they are subtracted from domestic output. Understand the logic of (X-M).
Step 3
Exam Tip
Imports foreign production होते हैं, इसलिए domestic output से घटाए जाते हैं। परीक्षा में (X-M) का logic समझें।
A. क्योंकि यह transfer payment है/Because it is a transfer payment
Step 1
Concept
No current productive service is received in return for pension. Do not add transfer payments to GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह transfer payment है / Because it is a transfer payment. No current productive service is received in return for pension. Do not add transfer payments to GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Pension के बदले current productive service नहीं मिलती। परीक्षा में transfer payments को GDP में न जोड़ें।
A. Current final output के रूप में शामिल होगा/It will be included as current final output
Step 1
Concept
A new house is final capital output of the current year. Include new construction in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Current final output के रूप में शामिल होगा / It will be included as current final output. A new house is final capital output of the current year. Include new construction in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नया मकान current year का final capital output है। परीक्षा में new construction को include करें।
A. Nominal current prices पर, Real constant prices पर/Nominal at current prices, Real at constant prices
Step 1
Concept
Nominal GDP is at current prices and Real GDP is at constant prices. Identify price basis carefully.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Nominal current prices पर, Real constant prices पर / Nominal at current prices, Real at constant prices. Nominal GDP is at current prices and Real GDP is at constant prices. Identify price basis carefully.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Nominal GDP current prices और Real GDP constant prices पर होता है। परीक्षा में price basis को ध्यान से पहचानें।
A. \(GDP\ Deflator=\frac{Nominal\ GDP}{Real\ GDP}\times100\)
Step 1
Concept
In GDP deflator, nominal GDP is in numerator and real GDP in denominator. Do not forget to multiply by 100.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(GDP\ Deflator=\frac{Nominal\ GDP}{Real\ GDP}\times100\). In GDP deflator, nominal GDP is in numerator and real GDP in denominator. Do not forget to multiply by 100.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP deflator में nominal GDP numerator में और real GDP denominator में होता है। परीक्षा में 100 से multiply करना न भूलें।
A. वास्तविक उत्पादन में वृद्धि/Increase in real output
Step 1
Concept
Real GDP shows output change at constant prices. Understand real growth as production growth.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वास्तविक उत्पादन में वृद्धि / Increase in real output. Real GDP shows output change at constant prices. Understand real growth as production growth.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Real GDP constant prices पर output change दिखाता है। परीक्षा में real growth को production growth समझें।
A. Prices या output दोनों में वृद्धि/Increase in prices or output or both
Step 1
Concept
Nominal GDP is at current prices, so both price and quantity affect it. Do not always treat nominal growth as real growth.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Prices या output दोनों में वृद्धि / Increase in prices or output or both. Nominal GDP is at current prices, so both price and quantity affect it. Do not always treat nominal growth as real growth.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Nominal GDP current prices पर होता है इसलिए price और quantity दोनों का प्रभाव आता है। परीक्षा में nominal growth को हमेशा real growth न मानें।
Per capita GDP is calculated by dividing total GDP by population. Treat it as average output per person.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(GDP\ Per\ Capita=\frac{GDP}{Population}\). Per capita GDP is calculated by dividing total GDP by population. Treat it as average output per person.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Per capita GDP कुल GDP को population से divide करके निकाला जाता है। परीक्षा में इसे average output per person समझें।
A. Income inequality अधिक हो सकती है/Income inequality may be high
Step 1
Concept
GDP shows total output, not distribution. Treat inequality as a welfare limitation in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Income inequality अधिक हो सकती है / Income inequality may be high. GDP shows total output, not distribution. Treat inequality as a welfare limitation in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP total output दिखाता है, distribution नहीं। परीक्षा में inequality को welfare limitation समझें।
A. क्योंकि कई external costs market value में नहीं दिखते/Because many external costs do not appear in market value
Step 1
Concept
Negative externalities like pollution are not fully reflected in GDP. Distinguish output and welfare in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि कई external costs market value में नहीं दिखते / Because many external costs do not appear in market value. Negative externalities like pollution are not fully reflected in GDP. Distinguish output and welfare in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Pollution जैसी negative externalities GDP में पूरी तरह reflect नहीं होतीं। परीक्षा में output और welfare को अलग समझें।
A. विश्वसनीय data नहीं मिलता/Reliable data is not available
Step 1
Concept
Official and reliable records of illegal activities are difficult to get. Treat this as a measurement limitation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. विश्वसनीय data नहीं मिलता / Reliable data is not available. Official and reliable records of illegal activities are difficult to get. Treat this as a measurement limitation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Illegal activities का official और reliable record मिलना कठिन होता है। परीक्षा में इसे measurement limitation मानें।
A. Domestic territory पर, national residents पर आधारित/Domestic is based on territory, national is based on residents
Step 1
Concept
GDP is based on domestic territory and GNP is based on residents. Remember NFIA adjustment between them.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Domestic territory पर, national residents पर आधारित / Domestic is based on territory, national is based on residents. GDP is based on domestic territory and GNP is based on residents. Remember NFIA adjustment between them.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP domestic territory पर based है और GNP residents पर based है। परीक्षा में दोनों के बीच NFIA adjustment याद रखें।
A. यह घरेलू क्षेत्र में final goods and services का gross value है/It is the gross value of final goods and services in domestic territory
Step 1
Concept
The basic idea of GDP is gross value of domestic final output. Remember gross, domestic and final output as three keywords.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह घरेलू क्षेत्र में final goods and services का gross value है / It is the gross value of final goods and services in domestic territory. The basic idea of GDP is gross value of domestic final output. Remember gross, domestic and final output as three keywords.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP का basic idea domestic final output का gross value है। परीक्षा में gross, domestic और final output तीनों keywords याद रखें।
GNP (=GDP+NFIA=4200+(-200)=4000) crore. In exams apply the sign carefully while adding negative NFIA.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. ₹4000 करोड़ / ₹4000 crore. GNP (=GDP+NFIA=4200+(-200)=4000) crore. In exams apply the sign carefully while adding negative NFIA.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNP (=GDP+NFIA=4200+(-200)=4000) करोड़ होगा। परीक्षा में negative NFIA को जोड़ते समय sign ध्यान से लगाएं।
Using (NDP = GDP - Depreciation) the answer is 800 crore rupees. Do not forget to subtract depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 800 करोड़ रुपये / 800 crore rupees. Using (NDP = GDP - Depreciation) the answer is 800 crore rupees. Do not forget to subtract depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सूत्र (NDP = GDP - Depreciation) से उत्तर 800 करोड़ रुपये है। गणना में मूल्यह्रास को घटाना न भूलें।
When depreciation is zero (NDP = GDP). The difference between gross and net is depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. दोनों बराबर होंगे / Both will be equal. When depreciation is zero (NDP = GDP). The difference between gross and net is depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मूल्यह्रास शून्य होने पर (NDP = GDP) होगा। सकल और शुद्ध में अंतर केवल मूल्यह्रास का होता है।
With constant GDP a larger depreciation deduction lowers NDP. Pay attention to the signs in the formula.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. वह घटेगा / It will fall. With constant GDP a larger depreciation deduction lowers NDP. Pay attention to the signs in the formula.
Step 3
Exam Tip
स्थिर सकल घरेलू उत्पाद में अधिक मूल्यह्रास घटाने से शुद्ध घरेलू उत्पाद कम होगा। सूत्र के संकेतों पर ध्यान दें।
Using (Depreciation = GDP - NDP) depreciation is 100 crore rupees. Identify the difference between gross and net measures.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 100 करोड़ रुपये / 100 crore rupees. Using (Depreciation = GDP - NDP) depreciation is 100 crore rupees. Identify the difference between gross and net measures.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सूत्र (Depreciation = GDP - NDP) से मूल्यह्रास 100 करोड़ रुपये होगा। सकल और शुद्ध के अंतर को पहचानें।
NDP is obtained by deducting depreciation from GDP. This is the main adjustment when converting gross into net.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. मूल्यह्रास / Depreciation. NDP is obtained by deducting depreciation from GDP. This is the main adjustment when converting gross into net.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सकल घरेलू उत्पाद में से मूल्यह्रास घटाने पर शुद्ध घरेलू उत्पाद मिलता है। सकल से शुद्ध परिवर्तन में यही मुख्य समायोजन है।
Using (NDP = GDP - Depreciation) the answer is 1300 crore rupees. Subtract depreciation rather than adding it.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 1300 करोड़ रुपये / 1300 crore rupees. Using (NDP = GDP - Depreciation) the answer is 1300 crore rupees. Subtract depreciation rather than adding it.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सूत्र (NDP = GDP - Depreciation) से उत्तर 1300 करोड़ रुपये है। मूल्यह्रास को जोड़ने के बजाय घटाएं।
Using (GDP = NDP + Depreciation) the answer is 900 crore rupees. Add depreciation when moving from net to gross.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 900 करोड़ रुपये / 900 crore rupees. Using (GDP = NDP + Depreciation) the answer is 900 crore rupees. Add depreciation when moving from net to gross.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सूत्र (GDP = NDP + Depreciation) से उत्तर 900 करोड़ रुपये है। शुद्ध से सकल पर जाते समय मूल्यह्रास जोड़ें।
Using (Depreciation = GDP - NDP) depreciation is 80 crore rupees. Identify the difference between gross and net.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. 80 करोड़ रुपये / 80 crore rupees. Using (Depreciation = GDP - NDP) depreciation is 80 crore rupees. Identify the difference between gross and net.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सूत्र (Depreciation = GDP - NDP) से मूल्यह्रास 80 करोड़ रुपये है। सकल और शुद्ध का अंतर पहचानें।
Measurement at constant prices removes the effect of price changes. It gives a better estimate of changes in real output.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्य परिवर्तन / Price changes. Measurement at constant prices removes the effect of price changes. It gives a better estimate of changes in real output.
Step 3
Exam Tip
स्थिर कीमतों पर मापने से कीमतों में परिवर्तन का प्रभाव हट जाता है। इससे वास्तविक उत्पादन परिवर्तन का बेहतर अनुमान मिलता है।
When real output is unchanged a rise in nominal NDP may result from higher prices. Understand the distinction between real and nominal measures.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. कीमतों में वृद्धि / Rise in prices. When real output is unchanged a rise in nominal NDP may result from higher prices. Understand the distinction between real and nominal measures.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वास्तविक उत्पादन स्थिर होने पर नाममात्र वृद्धि कीमतों के बढ़ने से हो सकती है। वास्तविक और नाममात्र माप में अंतर समझें।
Depreciation is \(2000 \times \frac{10}{100} = 200\) crore rupees so (NDP = 2000 - 200 = 1800) crore rupees. In percentage questions calculate depreciation first.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. 1800 करोड़ रुपये / 1800 crore rupees. Depreciation is \(2000 \times \frac{10}{100} = 200\) crore rupees so (NDP = 2000 - 200 = 1800) crore rupees. In percentage questions calculate depreciation first.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मूल्यह्रास \(2000 \times \frac{10}{100} = 200\) करोड़ रुपये है इसलिए (NDP = 2000 - 200 = 1800) करोड़ रुपये होगा। प्रतिशत प्रश्न में पहले मूल्यह्रास निकालें।
The correct relation is (NDP = GDP - Depreciation). Depreciation is the difference between gross and net domestic product.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. (NDP = GDP - Depreciation). The correct relation is (NDP = GDP - Depreciation). Depreciation is the difference between gross and net domestic product.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सही संबंध (NDP = GDP - Depreciation) है। मूल्यह्रास सकल और शुद्ध घरेलू उत्पाद का अंतर है।
NDP is calculated by subtracting depreciation from GDP. Identify the gross measure and depreciation in the question.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. शुद्ध घरेलू उत्पाद / NDP. NDP is calculated by subtracting depreciation from GDP. Identify the gross measure and depreciation in the question.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सकल घरेलू उत्पाद में से मूल्यह्रास घटाने पर शुद्ध घरेलू उत्पाद मिलता है। प्रश्न में दिए सकल और मूल्यह्रास को पहचानें।
Using (NDP = 2400 - 150) the answer is 2250 crore rupees. Deduct capital consumption to obtain net output.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 2250 करोड़ रुपये / 2250 crore rupees. Using (NDP = 2400 - 150) the answer is 2250 crore rupees. Deduct capital consumption to obtain net output.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सूत्र (NDP = 2400 - 150) से उत्तर 2250 करोड़ रुपये है। शुद्ध उत्पादन के लिए पूंजी क्षय घटाएं।
Using (GDP = NDP + Depreciation) the answer is 1470 crore rupees. Add depreciation when converting net into gross.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 1470 करोड़ रुपये / 1470 crore rupees. Using (GDP = NDP + Depreciation) the answer is 1470 crore rupees. Add depreciation when converting net into gross.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सूत्र (GDP = NDP + Depreciation) से उत्तर 1470 करोड़ रुपये है। शुद्ध से सकल पर जाते समय मूल्यह्रास जोड़ें।
Using (Depreciation = GDP - NDP) the answer is 110 crore rupees. Treat the difference between gross and net as depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. 110 करोड़ रुपये / 110 crore rupees. Using (Depreciation = GDP - NDP) the answer is 110 crore rupees. Treat the difference between gross and net as depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सूत्र (Depreciation = GDP - NDP) से उत्तर 110 करोड़ रुपये है। सकल और शुद्ध के अंतर को मूल्यह्रास मानें।
With unchanged GDP a larger depreciation deduction reduces NDP. Remember the negative sign before depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. घटेगा / It will fall. With unchanged GDP a larger depreciation deduction reduces NDP. Remember the negative sign before depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
स्थिर सकल घरेलू उत्पाद में अधिक मूल्यह्रास घटाने से शुद्ध घरेलू उत्पाद घटता है। सूत्र में मूल्यह्रास का ऋण चिह्न याद रखें।
Depreciation is \(3000 \times \frac{5}{100} = 150\) crore rupees. Convert the percentage into an amount first.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 150 करोड़ रुपये / 150 crore rupees. Depreciation is \(3000 \times \frac{5}{100} = 150\) crore rupees. Convert the percentage into an amount first.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मूल्यह्रास \(3000 \times \frac{5}{100} = 150\) करोड़ रुपये है। प्रतिशत को पहले राशि में बदलें।
Depreciation is 150 crore rupees so (NDP = 3000 - 150 = 2850) crore rupees. Solve percentage questions in two steps.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 2850 करोड़ रुपये / 2850 crore rupees. Depreciation is 150 crore rupees so (NDP = 3000 - 150 = 2850) crore rupees. Solve percentage questions in two steps.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मूल्यह्रास 150 करोड़ रुपये है इसलिए (NDP = 3000 - 150 = 2850) करोड़ रुपये होगा। प्रतिशत प्रश्न में दो चरणों में गणना करें।
A. वास्तविक शुद्ध उत्पादन में वृद्धि/Increase in real net output
Step 1
Concept
At constant prices the effect of price changes is removed. Therefore an increase indicates growth in real net output.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वास्तविक शुद्ध उत्पादन में वृद्धि / Increase in real net output. At constant prices the effect of price changes is removed. Therefore an increase indicates growth in real net output.
Step 3
Exam Tip
स्थिर कीमतों पर मूल्य परिवर्तन का प्रभाव हट जाता है। इसलिए वृद्धि वास्तविक शुद्ध उत्पादन में बढ़ोतरी दिखाती है।
A. यह पूंजी के घिसाव को घटाकर शुद्ध उत्पादन बताता है/It shows net output after deducting capital wear
Step 1
Concept
NDP deducts depreciation of capital goods. It therefore gives a better indication of net output available for consumption and new investment.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह पूंजी के घिसाव को घटाकर शुद्ध उत्पादन बताता है / It shows net output after deducting capital wear. NDP deducts depreciation of capital goods. It therefore gives a better indication of net output available for consumption and new investment.
Step 3
Exam Tip
शुद्ध घरेलू उत्पाद पूंजीगत वस्तुओं के मूल्यह्रास को घटाता है। इसलिए यह उपभोग और नए निवेश के लिए उपलब्ध शुद्ध उत्पादन का बेहतर संकेत देता है।
Net indirect taxes are subtracted to move from market price to factor cost. This rule remains the same for gross or net aggregates.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर / Net indirect taxes. Net indirect taxes are subtracted to move from market price to factor cost. This rule remains the same for gross or net aggregates.
Step 3
Exam Tip
बाजार मूल्य से साधन लागत पर जाने के लिए शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर घटाया जाता है। सकल या शुद्ध होने से यह नियम नहीं बदलता।
\(GDP_{FC}=8000-600=7400\) crore. Subtract net indirect taxes to move from market price to factor cost.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. ₹7,400 करोड़ / ₹7,400 crore. \(GDP_{FC}=8000-600=7400\) crore. Subtract net indirect taxes to move from market price to factor cost.
Step 3
Exam Tip
\(GDP_{FC}=8000-600=7400\) करोड़ है। बाजार मूल्य से साधन लागत पर आने के लिए शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर घटाएं।
Adding net indirect taxes to GDP at factor cost gives GDP at market price. The formula is \(GDP_{MP}=GDP_{FC}+NIT\).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर / Net indirect taxes. Adding net indirect taxes to GDP at factor cost gives GDP at market price. The formula is \(GDP_{MP}=GDP_{FC}+NIT\).
Step 3
Exam Tip
साधन लागत पर सकल घरेलू उत्पाद में शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर जोड़ने पर बाजार मूल्य वाला माप मिलता है। सूत्र \(GDP_{MP}=GDP_{FC}+NIT\) है।
A. शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर घटाकर/By subtracting net indirect taxes
Step 1
Concept
Net indirect taxes are subtracted to move from market price to factor cost. This rule also applies to GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर घटाकर / By subtracting net indirect taxes. Net indirect taxes are subtracted to move from market price to factor cost. This rule also applies to GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
बाजार मूल्य से साधन लागत पर आने के लिए शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर घटाया जाता है। यह नियम सकल घरेलू उत्पाद पर भी लागू होता है।
A. शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर जोड़कर/By adding net indirect taxes
Step 1
Concept
GDP at market price is obtained by adding net indirect taxes to GDP at factor cost. The formula is \(GDP_{MP}=GDP_{FC}+NIT\).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर जोड़कर / By adding net indirect taxes. GDP at market price is obtained by adding net indirect taxes to GDP at factor cost. The formula is \(GDP_{MP}=GDP_{FC}+NIT\).
Step 3
Exam Tip
साधन लागत में शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर जोड़ने पर बाजार मूल्य वाला सकल घरेलू उत्पाद मिलता है। सूत्र \(GDP_{MP}=GDP_{FC}+NIT\) है।
Nominal GDP is measured at current year prices. Remember it as output valued at current prices.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. चालू वर्ष की कीमतों पर / At current year prices. Nominal GDP is measured at current year prices. Remember it as output valued at current prices.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद चालू वर्ष की कीमतों पर मापा जाता है। परीक्षा में इसे वर्तमान कीमत वाला उत्पादन मानें।
Real GDP is measured at constant base year prices. This removes the effect of price changes.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. आधार वर्ष की कीमतों पर / At base year prices. Real GDP is measured at constant base year prices. This removes the effect of price changes.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद आधार वर्ष की स्थिर कीमतों पर मापा जाता है। इससे कीमतों के प्रभाव को हटाया जाता है।
C. कीमत और उत्पादन मात्रा दोनों का/Both prices and output quantity
Step 1
Concept
Nominal GDP is affected by changes in both prices and output quantity. Therefore its growth does not show only output growth.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. कीमत और उत्पादन मात्रा दोनों का / Both prices and output quantity. Nominal GDP is affected by changes in both prices and output quantity. Therefore its growth does not show only output growth.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद कीमत और उत्पादन मात्रा दोनों में परिवर्तन से प्रभावित होता है। इसलिए वृद्धि केवल उत्पादन वृद्धि नहीं बताती।
Real GDP is measured at constant prices so it shows changes in output quantity. It is a better measure of real growth.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उत्पादन की मात्रा में / In quantity of output. Real GDP is measured at constant prices so it shows changes in output quantity. It is a better measure of real growth.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद स्थिर कीमतों पर मापा जाता है इसलिए यह उत्पादन मात्रा में परिवर्तन दिखाता है। इसे वास्तविक वृद्धि का बेहतर माप मानें।
Nominal GDP rises when current prices increase even if output remains unchanged. Distinguish price change from quantity change.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. बढ़ेगा / It will rise. Nominal GDP rises when current prices increase even if output remains unchanged. Distinguish price change from quantity change.
Step 3
Exam Tip
चालू कीमतें बढ़ने से नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद बढ़ेगा भले उत्पादन समान हो। परीक्षा में कीमत और मात्रा का अंतर समझें।
Real GDP is measured at base year prices so a pure price rise does not change it. It remains constant when quantity is unchanged.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. अपरिवर्तित रहेगा / It will remain unchanged. Real GDP is measured at base year prices so a pure price rise does not change it. It remains constant when quantity is unchanged.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद आधार वर्ष की कीमतों पर मापा जाता है इसलिए केवल कीमत बढ़ने से यह नहीं बदलता। मात्रा समान रहने पर यह स्थिर रहेगा।
B. \(GDP\ Deflator=\frac{Nominal\ GDP}{Real\ GDP}\times100\)
Step 1
Concept
GDP deflator \(=\frac{Nominal\ GDP}{Real\ GDP}\times100\). Remember the correct order of numerator and denominator.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. \(GDP\ Deflator=\frac{Nominal\ GDP}{Real\ GDP}\times100\). GDP deflator \(=\frac{Nominal\ GDP}{Real\ GDP}\times100\). Remember the correct order of numerator and denominator.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सकल घरेलू उत्पाद अपस्फीतिकारक \(=\frac{Nominal\ GDP}{Real\ GDP}\times100\) होता है। अंश और हर का क्रम याद रखें।
When the deflator is 100 nominal and real GDP are equal. This is generally the case in the base year.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. दोनों बराबर होंगे / Both will be equal. When the deflator is 100 nominal and real GDP are equal. This is generally the case in the base year.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकारक 100 होने पर नाममात्र और वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद बराबर होते हैं। आधार वर्ष में सामान्यतः यही स्थिति होती है।
A deflator of 120 means the price level is 20 percent higher than in the base year. Find the difference from 100.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 20 प्रतिशत / 20 percent. A deflator of 120 means the price level is 20 percent higher than in the base year. Find the difference from 100.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकारक 120 का अर्थ मूल्य स्तर आधार वर्ष से 20 प्रतिशत अधिक है। 100 से अंतर निकालें।
B. आधार वर्ष से 10 प्रतिशत कम/10 percent lower than base year
Step 1
Concept
A deflator of 90 means the price level is 10 percent lower than in the base year. A value below 100 indicates a fall.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. आधार वर्ष से 10 प्रतिशत कम / 10 percent lower than base year. A deflator of 90 means the price level is 10 percent lower than in the base year. A value below 100 indicates a fall.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकारक 90 का अर्थ मूल्य स्तर आधार वर्ष से 10 प्रतिशत कम है। 100 से कम मान गिरावट दिखाता है।
Nominal GDP \(=\frac{125\times8000}{100}=10000\) crore. Divide by 100 after multiplying by the deflator.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. ₹10,000 करोड़ / ₹10,000 crore. Nominal GDP \(=\frac{125\times8000}{100}=10000\) crore. Divide by 100 after multiplying by the deflator.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद \(=\frac{125\times8000}{100}=10000\) करोड़। अपस्फीतिकारक से गुणा करते समय 100 से भाग दें।
A. उत्पादन को स्थिर कीमतों पर मापना/To measure output at constant prices
Step 1
Concept
Base year prices are used to compare real output across years. This removes the effect of price changes.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उत्पादन को स्थिर कीमतों पर मापना / To measure output at constant prices. Base year prices are used to compare real output across years. This removes the effect of price changes.
Step 3
Exam Tip
आधार वर्ष की कीमतों से विभिन्न वर्षों के उत्पादन की वास्तविक तुलना की जाती है। इससे मूल्य परिवर्तन का प्रभाव हटता है।
Output measured at current prices is called nominal GDP. It uses current year prices.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद / Nominal GDP. Output measured at current prices is called nominal GDP. It uses current year prices.
Step 3
Exam Tip
चालू कीमतों पर मापा गया उत्पादन नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद कहलाता है। इसमें चालू वर्ष की कीमतें उपयोग होती हैं।
Output measured at constant or base year prices is called real GDP. It shows changes in actual quantity.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद / Real GDP. Output measured at constant or base year prices is called real GDP. It shows changes in actual quantity.
Step 3
Exam Tip
स्थिर या आधार वर्ष की कीमतों पर मापा गया उत्पादन वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद कहलाता है। यह वास्तविक मात्रा परिवर्तन दिखाता है।
Real GDP removes the price effect and shows growth in output quantity. Therefore it is a better measure of economic growth.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद / Real GDP. Real GDP removes the price effect and shows growth in output quantity. Therefore it is a better measure of economic growth.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद कीमतों का प्रभाव हटाकर उत्पादन मात्रा में वृद्धि दिखाता है। इसलिए यह आर्थिक वृद्धि का बेहतर माप है।
When prices remain constant and quantity rises both nominal and real GDP increase. Their difference becomes clearer when prices change.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दोनों बढ़ेंगे / Both will rise. When prices remain constant and quantity rises both nominal and real GDP increase. Their difference becomes clearer when prices change.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कीमतें स्थिर और मात्रा अधिक होने पर दोनों प्रकार के सकल घरेलू उत्पाद बढ़ते हैं। अंतर कीमतों के बदलने पर अधिक स्पष्ट होता है।
Real GDP is measured at base year prices. It remains unchanged when output quantity is the same.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. अपरिवर्तित रहेगा / It will remain unchanged. Real GDP is measured at base year prices. It remains unchanged when output quantity is the same.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद आधार वर्ष की कीमतों पर मापा जाता है। मात्रा समान होने पर यह अपरिवर्तित रहेगा।
A. चालू मूल्य स्तर आधार वर्ष से अधिक है/Current price level is above the base year
Step 1
Concept
When nominal GDP is higher the deflator is above 100. This indicates a higher current price level.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. चालू मूल्य स्तर आधार वर्ष से अधिक है / Current price level is above the base year. When nominal GDP is higher the deflator is above 100. This indicates a higher current price level.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद अधिक होने पर अपस्फीतिकारक 100 से अधिक होगा। यह चालू मूल्य स्तर के अधिक होने का संकेत है।
B. मूल्य स्तर आधार वर्ष से कम है/Price level is below base year
Step 1
Concept
When real GDP is greater the deflator is below 100. This indicates current prices are lower than base year prices.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. मूल्य स्तर आधार वर्ष से कम है / Price level is below base year. When real GDP is greater the deflator is below 100. This indicates current prices are lower than base year prices.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद अधिक होने पर अपस्फीतिकारक 100 से कम होगा। यह चालू कीमतों के आधार वर्ष से कम होने का संकेत है।
A. उत्पादन मात्रा में लगभग 5 प्रतिशत वृद्धि/About 5 percent rise in output quantity
Step 1
Concept
Growth in real GDP reflects an increase in actual output quantity. The price effect is removed.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उत्पादन मात्रा में लगभग 5 प्रतिशत वृद्धि / About 5 percent rise in output quantity. Growth in real GDP reflects an increase in actual output quantity. The price effect is removed.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद की वृद्धि उत्पादन की वास्तविक मात्रा में वृद्धि दर्शाती है। इसमें कीमत प्रभाव हटाया जाता है।
Nominal growth includes the effects of both prices and quantities. Therefore it does not certainly show real output growth.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. नहीं / No. Nominal growth includes the effects of both prices and quantities. Therefore it does not certainly show real output growth.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नाममात्र वृद्धि में कीमत और मात्रा दोनों का प्रभाव होता है। इसलिए यह निश्चित रूप से वास्तविक उत्पादन वृद्धि नहीं बताती।
During inflation current prices are above base year prices so nominal GDP may be higher. The deflator is above 100.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद / Nominal GDP. During inflation current prices are above base year prices so nominal GDP may be higher. The deflator is above 100.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मुद्रास्फीति में चालू कीमतें आधार वर्ष से अधिक होती हैं इसलिए नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद अधिक हो सकता है। अपस्फीतिकारक 100 से अधिक होता है।
B. वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद नाममात्र से अधिक/Real GDP above nominal GDP
Step 1
Concept
When the price level is below the base year the deflator is below 100. Real GDP may then exceed nominal GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद नाममात्र से अधिक / Real GDP above nominal GDP. When the price level is below the base year the deflator is below 100. Real GDP may then exceed nominal GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मूल्य स्तर आधार वर्ष से कम होने पर अपस्फीतिकारक 100 से कम होता है। तब वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद नाममात्र से अधिक हो सकता है।
When quantity doubles at unchanged base prices real GDP also doubles. It depends on output quantity.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. दोगुना होगा / It will double. When quantity doubles at unchanged base prices real GDP also doubles. It depends on output quantity.
Step 3
Exam Tip
आधार कीमतें समान रहते हुए मात्रा दोगुनी होने पर वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद भी दोगुना होगा। यह मात्रा पर निर्भर करता है।
When current prices double and quantity is unchanged nominal GDP doubles. Real output has not increased.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. दोगुना होगा / It will double. When current prices double and quantity is unchanged nominal GDP doubles. Real output has not increased.
Step 3
Exam Tip
चालू कीमतें दोगुनी और मात्रा समान होने पर नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद दोगुना होगा। वास्तविक उत्पादन नहीं बढ़ा है।
Nominal GDP \(=\frac{150\times6000}{100}=9000\) crore. A deflator of 150 indicates a higher price level.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. ₹9,000 करोड़ / ₹9,000 crore. Nominal GDP \(=\frac{150\times6000}{100}=9000\) crore. A deflator of 150 indicates a higher price level.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद \(=\frac{150\times6000}{100}=9000\) करोड़। अपस्फीतिकारक 150 अधिक कीमत स्तर दिखाता है।
Real GDP \(=\frac{4500}{90}\times100=5000\) crore. When the deflator is below 100 real GDP may be higher.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. ₹5,000 करोड़ / ₹5,000 crore. Real GDP \(=\frac{4500}{90}\times100=5000\) crore. When the deflator is below 100 real GDP may be higher.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद \(=\frac{4500}{90}\times100=5000\) करोड़। अपस्फीतिकारक 100 से कम होने पर वास्तविक मूल्य अधिक हो सकता है।
A. उत्पादन बढ़े लेकिन कीमतें पर्याप्त रूप से गिरें/Output rises but prices fall sufficiently
Step 1
Concept
Higher quantity can raise real GDP while a large price fall can reduce nominal GDP. Price and quantity effects differ.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उत्पादन बढ़े लेकिन कीमतें पर्याप्त रूप से गिरें / Output rises but prices fall sufficiently. Higher quantity can raise real GDP while a large price fall can reduce nominal GDP. Price and quantity effects differ.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मात्रा बढ़ने से वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद बढ़ सकता है लेकिन तेज कीमत गिरावट नाममात्र मूल्य घटा सकती है। कीमत और मात्रा के प्रभाव अलग होते हैं।
The GDP deflator shows the price level of goods and services produced in the economy. It is a broad price index.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्य सूचकांक / Price index. The GDP deflator shows the price level of goods and services produced in the economy. It is a broad price index.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सकल घरेलू उत्पाद अपस्फीतिकारक अर्थव्यवस्था में उत्पादित वस्तुओं और सेवाओं के मूल्य स्तर को दर्शाता है। यह एक व्यापक मूल्य सूचकांक है।
A. क्योंकि कीमतों का प्रभाव हट जाता है/Because the price effect is removed
Step 1
Concept
Real GDP is measured at constant prices so output across years can be compared properly. It shows real growth.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि कीमतों का प्रभाव हट जाता है / Because the price effect is removed. Real GDP is measured at constant prices so output across years can be compared properly. It shows real growth.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद स्थिर कीमतों पर मापा जाता है इसलिए वर्षों के उत्पादन की सही तुलना संभव होती है। यह वास्तविक वृद्धि दिखाता है।
A. क्योंकि इसमें मूल्य वृद्धि का प्रभाव भी होता है/Because it also includes the effect of price rise
Step 1
Concept
Nominal growth comes from both prices and quantities. Inflation can raise nominal value even without higher real output.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि इसमें मूल्य वृद्धि का प्रभाव भी होता है / Because it also includes the effect of price rise. Nominal growth comes from both prices and quantities. Inflation can raise nominal value even without higher real output.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नाममात्र वृद्धि कीमतों और मात्रा दोनों से आती है। मुद्रास्फीति के कारण वास्तविक उत्पादन बिना बढ़े भी नाममात्र मूल्य बढ़ सकता है।
A. उपयोग की जाने वाली स्थिर कीमतें/The constant prices used
Step 1
Concept
When the base year changes the constant prices used for valuation change. Real GDP estimates may therefore be revised.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उपयोग की जाने वाली स्थिर कीमतें / The constant prices used. When the base year changes the constant prices used for valuation change. Real GDP estimates may therefore be revised.
Step 3
Exam Tip
आधार वर्ष बदलने पर उत्पादन को मूल्य देने वाली स्थिर कीमतें बदलती हैं। इससे वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद के आंकड़े संशोधित हो सकते हैं।
When real output is constant nominal growth mainly comes from higher prices. This reflects inflation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्य स्तर में वृद्धि / Rise in the price level. When real output is constant nominal growth mainly comes from higher prices. This reflects inflation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वास्तविक उत्पादन स्थिर होने पर नाममात्र वृद्धि मुख्यतः कीमतों की वृद्धि से आती है। इसे मुद्रास्फीति का प्रभाव समझें।
For nominal GDP to remain constant while real output rises prices must fall. Quantity and price effects can offset each other.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कीमतें घटी होंगी / Prices must have fallen. For nominal GDP to remain constant while real output rises prices must fall. Quantity and price effects can offset each other.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वास्तविक उत्पादन बढ़ने के बावजूद नाममात्र मूल्य स्थिर रहने के लिए कीमतों में गिरावट आवश्यक होगी। मात्रा और कीमत के प्रभाव एक-दूसरे को संतुलित कर सकते हैं।
Real GDP \(=\frac{16500}{110}\times100=15000\) crore. Remove the price effect from nominal GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. ₹15,000 करोड़ / ₹15,000 crore. Real GDP \(=\frac{16500}{110}\times100=15000\) crore. Remove the price effect from nominal GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद \(=\frac{16500}{110}\times100=15000\) करोड़। नाममात्र मूल्य से मूल्य प्रभाव हटाएं।
Real growth is approximately found by subtracting price growth from nominal growth so it is about 7 percent. Use this as a simple exam approximation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. लगभग 7 प्रतिशत / About 7 percent. Real growth is approximately found by subtracting price growth from nominal growth so it is about 7 percent. Use this as a simple exam approximation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वास्तविक वृद्धि लगभग नाममात्र वृद्धि में से मूल्य वृद्धि घटाने पर मिलती है इसलिए यह लगभग 7 प्रतिशत है। परीक्षा में इसे सरल अनुमान के रूप में उपयोग करें।
A. चालू कीमतों पर सकल घरेलू उत्पाद/GDP at current prices
Step 1
Concept
Nominal GDP is measured at current year prices. It is also called GDP at current prices.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. चालू कीमतों पर सकल घरेलू उत्पाद / GDP at current prices. Nominal GDP is measured at current year prices. It is also called GDP at current prices.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद चालू वर्ष की कीमतों पर मापा जाता है। इसे चालू कीमतों वाला सकल घरेलू उत्पाद भी कहते हैं।
B. स्थिर कीमतों पर सकल घरेलू उत्पाद/GDP at constant prices
Step 1
Concept
Real GDP is measured at constant base year prices. It is also called GDP at constant prices.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. स्थिर कीमतों पर सकल घरेलू उत्पाद / GDP at constant prices. Real GDP is measured at constant base year prices. It is also called GDP at constant prices.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद आधार वर्ष की स्थिर कीमतों पर मापा जाता है। इसे स्थिर कीमतों वाला सकल घरेलू उत्पाद भी कहते हैं।
Nominal GDP is calculated by multiplying current year quantity by current year price. Identify the current price carefully.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. चालू वर्ष की कीमत / Current year price. Nominal GDP is calculated by multiplying current year quantity by current year price. Identify the current price carefully.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद में चालू वर्ष की मात्रा को चालू वर्ष की कीमत से गुणा किया जाता है। चालू कीमत को पहचानना जरूरी है।
Real GDP is calculated by multiplying current quantity by base year price. This removes the effect of price changes.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. आधार वर्ष की कीमत / Base year price. Real GDP is calculated by multiplying current quantity by base year price. This removes the effect of price changes.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद में चालू मात्रा को आधार वर्ष की कीमत से गुणा किया जाता है। इससे कीमत परिवर्तन का प्रभाव हट जाता है।
For the same quantity a higher current price makes nominal GDP greater than real GDP. This is the effect of price rise.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद / Nominal GDP. For the same quantity a higher current price makes nominal GDP greater than real GDP. This is the effect of price rise.
Step 3
Exam Tip
समान मात्रा पर अधिक चालू कीमत नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद को वास्तविक से अधिक बनाती है। यह मूल्य वृद्धि का प्रभाव है।
For the same quantity a higher base year price makes real GDP greater than nominal GDP. This indicates a lower current price level.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद / Real GDP. For the same quantity a higher base year price makes real GDP greater than nominal GDP. This indicates a lower current price level.
Step 3
Exam Tip
समान मात्रा पर आधार वर्ष की अधिक कीमत वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद को नाममात्र से अधिक बनाती है। यह मूल्य स्तर में गिरावट दिखाता है।
The GDP deflator measures the general price level of domestic output. It compares nominal and real GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. सामान्य मूल्य स्तर / General price level. The GDP deflator measures the general price level of domestic output. It compares nominal and real GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सकल घरेलू उत्पाद अपस्फीतिकारक घरेलू उत्पादन के सामान्य मूल्य स्तर को मापता है। यह नाममात्र और वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद की तुलना करता है।
Real GDP \(=\frac{12600}{105}\times100=12000\) crore. Remove the price effect from nominal GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. ₹12,000 करोड़ / ₹12,000 crore. Real GDP \(=\frac{12600}{105}\times100=12000\) crore. Remove the price effect from nominal GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद \(=\frac{12600}{105}\times100=12000\) करोड़। नाममात्र मूल्य से कीमत प्रभाव हटाएं।
A deflator of 130 means the price level is 30 percent above the base year. Find the difference from 100.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. 30 प्रतिशत / 30 percent. A deflator of 130 means the price level is 30 percent above the base year. Find the difference from 100.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकारक 130 का अर्थ मूल्य स्तर आधार वर्ष से 30 प्रतिशत अधिक है। 100 से अंतर निकालें।
A deflator of 85 means the price level is 15 percent below the base year. Find the shortfall from 100.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 15 प्रतिशत / 15 percent. A deflator of 85 means the price level is 15 percent below the base year. Find the shortfall from 100.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकारक 85 का अर्थ मूल्य स्तर आधार वर्ष से 15 प्रतिशत कम है। 100 से कमी निकालें।
A. वास्तविक उत्पादन में वृद्धि/Increase in real output
Step 1
Concept
Real GDP is measured at constant prices so its rise indicates higher real output. Link it with economic growth.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वास्तविक उत्पादन में वृद्धि / Increase in real output. Real GDP is measured at constant prices so its rise indicates higher real output. Link it with economic growth.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद स्थिर कीमतों पर मापा जाता है इसलिए इसकी वृद्धि वास्तविक उत्पादन बढ़ने का संकेत देती है। इसे आर्थिक वृद्धि से जोड़ें।
C. मूल्य और उत्पादन दोनों में वृद्धि/Rise in both prices and output
Step 1
Concept
Nominal GDP is affected by both price and quantity. Therefore a rise in both can increase it.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. मूल्य और उत्पादन दोनों में वृद्धि / Rise in both prices and output. Nominal GDP is affected by both price and quantity. Therefore a rise in both can increase it.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद कीमत और मात्रा दोनों से प्रभावित होता है। इसलिए दोनों में वृद्धि इसे बढ़ा सकती है।
A sharp price rise may outweigh the effect of lower quantity. Therefore nominal GDP may increase.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह बढ़ सकता है / It may rise. A sharp price rise may outweigh the effect of lower quantity. Therefore nominal GDP may increase.
Step 3
Exam Tip
तेज मूल्य वृद्धि मात्रा की कमी के प्रभाव से अधिक हो सकती है। इसलिए नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद बढ़ सकता है।
A. क्योंकि चालू और आधार कीमतें समान होती हैं/Because current and base prices are the same
Step 1
Concept
In the base year the current price is the same as the base price. Therefore both measures are equal.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि चालू और आधार कीमतें समान होती हैं / Because current and base prices are the same. In the base year the current price is the same as the base price. Therefore both measures are equal.
Step 3
Exam Tip
आधार वर्ष में चालू कीमत वही आधार कीमत होती है। इसलिए दोनों माप समान होते हैं।
A. क्योंकि नाममात्र और वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद बराबर होते हैं/Because nominal and real GDP are equal
Step 1
Concept
Nominal and real GDP are equal in the base year. Therefore their ratio multiplied by 100 equals 100.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि नाममात्र और वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद बराबर होते हैं / Because nominal and real GDP are equal. Nominal and real GDP are equal in the base year. Therefore their ratio multiplied by 100 equals 100.
Step 3
Exam Tip
आधार वर्ष में नाममात्र और वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद समान होते हैं। इसलिए उनका अनुपात 100 होता है।
A. चालू कीमतें आधार वर्ष से अधिक हैं/Current prices are above base year prices
Step 1
Concept
A deflator above 100 indicates that the current price level is above the base year. It generally reflects inflation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. चालू कीमतें आधार वर्ष से अधिक हैं / Current prices are above base year prices. A deflator above 100 indicates that the current price level is above the base year. It generally reflects inflation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
100 से अधिक अपस्फीतिकारक चालू मूल्य स्तर के आधार वर्ष से अधिक होने का संकेत है। यह सामान्यतः मुद्रास्फीति दर्शाता है।
B. चालू कीमतें आधार वर्ष से कम हैं/Current prices are below base year prices
Step 1
Concept
A deflator below 100 indicates that the current price level is below the base year. It reflects a fall in prices.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. चालू कीमतें आधार वर्ष से कम हैं / Current prices are below base year prices. A deflator below 100 indicates that the current price level is below the base year. It reflects a fall in prices.
Step 3
Exam Tip
100 से कम अपस्फीतिकारक चालू मूल्य स्तर के आधार वर्ष से कम होने का संकेत है। इसे मूल्य स्तर में गिरावट समझें।
With base prices unchanged real GDP changes in proportion to quantity. Therefore it rises by about 10 percent.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 10 प्रतिशत / 10 percent. With base prices unchanged real GDP changes in proportion to quantity. Therefore it rises by about 10 percent.
Step 3
Exam Tip
आधार कीमतें स्थिर होने पर वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद मात्रा के अनुपात में बदलता है। इसलिए यह लगभग 10 प्रतिशत बढ़ेगा।
When quantity is constant nominal GDP rises in proportion to prices. Therefore the increase is about 8 percent.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 8 प्रतिशत / 8 percent. When quantity is constant nominal GDP rises in proportion to prices. Therefore the increase is about 8 percent.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मात्रा स्थिर होने पर नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद कीमतों के अनुपात में बढ़ता है। इसलिए वृद्धि लगभग 8 प्रतिशत होगी।
As a simple approximation price growth equals nominal growth minus real growth. Therefore it is about 6 percent.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 6 प्रतिशत / 6 percent. As a simple approximation price growth equals nominal growth minus real growth. Therefore it is about 6 percent.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सरल अनुमान में मूल्य वृद्धि लगभग नाममात्र वृद्धि में से वास्तविक वृद्धि घटाकर मिलती है। इसलिए उत्तर लगभग 6 प्रतिशत है।
A. कीमतों में पर्याप्त वृद्धि हुई/Prices rose sufficiently
Step 1
Concept
Nominal value rose despite lower real output. This means price increases offset the fall in quantity.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कीमतों में पर्याप्त वृद्धि हुई / Prices rose sufficiently. Nominal value rose despite lower real output. This means price increases offset the fall in quantity.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वास्तविक उत्पादन घटने के बावजूद नाममात्र मूल्य बढ़ा है। इसका अर्थ कीमतों की वृद्धि ने मात्रा की कमी की भरपाई की।
With nominal value constant and lower prices output quantity may rise. Therefore real GDP may increase.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह बढ़ सकता है / It may rise. With nominal value constant and lower prices output quantity may rise. Therefore real GDP may increase.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नाममात्र मूल्य स्थिर और कीमतें कम होने पर उत्पादन मात्रा बढ़ सकती है। इसलिए वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद बढ़ सकता है।
Nominal GDP depends on real GDP and the deflator. A higher deflator raises nominal GDP when real GDP is constant.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. बढ़ेगा / It will rise. Nominal GDP depends on real GDP and the deflator. A higher deflator raises nominal GDP when real GDP is constant.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद और अपस्फीतिकारक पर निर्भर है। अपस्फीतिकारक बढ़ने से नाममात्र मूल्य बढ़ेगा।
With nominal GDP constant and a higher price index real GDP falls. Removing a larger price effect gives lower real output.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. घटेगा / It will fall. With nominal GDP constant and a higher price index real GDP falls. Removing a larger price effect gives lower real output.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नाममात्र मूल्य स्थिर और कीमत सूचकांक बढ़ने पर वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद घटेगा। अधिक कीमत प्रभाव हटाने पर कम वास्तविक उत्पादन मिलता है।
A. क्योंकि यह कीमत परिवर्तन का प्रभाव हटाता है/Because it removes the effect of price changes
Step 1
Concept
Real GDP removes the price effect and shows actual output. Real GDP per capita is more useful for living standards.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह कीमत परिवर्तन का प्रभाव हटाता है / Because it removes the effect of price changes. Real GDP removes the price effect and shows actual output. Real GDP per capita is more useful for living standards.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद कीमतों के प्रभाव को हटाकर वास्तविक उत्पादन दिखाता है। जीवन स्तर के लिए प्रति व्यक्ति वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद अधिक उपयोगी होता है।
A. वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद को जनसंख्या से भाग देकर/By dividing real GDP by population
Step 1
Concept
Real GDP per capita \(=\frac{Real\ GDP}{Population}\). It shows average real output per person.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद को जनसंख्या से भाग देकर / By dividing real GDP by population. Real GDP per capita \(=\frac{Real\ GDP}{Population}\). It shows average real output per person.
Step 3
Exam Tip
प्रति व्यक्ति वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद \(=\frac{Real\ GDP}{Population}\) होता है। यह औसत वास्तविक उत्पादन बताता है।
As a simple approximation real GDP per capita growth (=6-2=4) percent. Subtract population growth from output growth.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 4 प्रतिशत / 4 percent. As a simple approximation real GDP per capita growth (=6-2=4) percent. Subtract population growth from output growth.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सरल अनुमान में प्रति व्यक्ति वास्तविक वृद्धि (=6-2=4) प्रतिशत है। उत्पादन वृद्धि में से जनसंख्या वृद्धि घटाएं।
A. यह लगभग अपरिवर्तित रह सकता है/It may remain nearly unchanged
Step 1
Concept
Nominal growth may be entirely due to price growth. In that case real GDP may remain nearly unchanged.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह लगभग अपरिवर्तित रह सकता है / It may remain nearly unchanged. Nominal growth may be entirely due to price growth. In that case real GDP may remain nearly unchanged.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नाममात्र वृद्धि पूरी तरह कीमत वृद्धि के कारण हो सकती है। ऐसी स्थिति में वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद लगभग स्थिर रह सकता है।
The deflator \(=\frac{16200}{18000}\times100=90\). Therefore the price level is 10 percent below the base year.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 10 प्रतिशत / 10 percent. The deflator \(=\frac{16200}{18000}\times100=90\). Therefore the price level is 10 percent below the base year.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकारक \(=\frac{16200}{18000}\times100=90\) है। इसलिए मूल्य स्तर आधार वर्ष से 10 प्रतिशत कम है।
Nominal GDP \(=\frac{140\times25000}{100}=35000\) crore. Multiply real GDP by the deflator and divide by 100.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. ₹35,000 करोड़ / ₹35,000 crore. Nominal GDP \(=\frac{140\times25000}{100}=35000\) crore. Multiply real GDP by the deflator and divide by 100.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद \(=\frac{140\times25000}{100}=35000\) करोड़। अपस्फीतिकारक को वास्तविक मूल्य से गुणा करें।
Real GDP \(=\frac{27000}{135}\times100=20000\) crore. Divide by the deflator to remove the price effect.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. ₹20,000 करोड़ / ₹20,000 crore. Real GDP \(=\frac{27000}{135}\times100=20000\) crore. Divide by the deflator to remove the price effect.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद \(=\frac{27000}{135}\times100=20000\) करोड़। कीमत प्रभाव हटाने के लिए अपस्फीतिकारक से भाग दें।
Real GDP removes the effect of price changes. Therefore it is better for real comparisons across years.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद / Real GDP. Real GDP removes the effect of price changes. Therefore it is better for real comparisons across years.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद कीमत परिवर्तन के प्रभाव को हटाता है। इसलिए अलग-अलग वर्षों की वास्तविक तुलना के लिए यह बेहतर है।
Real GDP is obtained by removing the price effect from nominal GDP. This process is called deflation adjustment.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अपस्फीति समायोजन / Deflation adjustment. Real GDP is obtained by removing the price effect from nominal GDP. This process is called deflation adjustment.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद से मूल्य प्रभाव हटाकर वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद निकाला जाता है। इस प्रक्रिया को अपस्फीति समायोजन कहते हैं।
A. अर्थव्यवस्था की वर्तमान संरचना दिखाने के लिए/To reflect the current structure of the economy
Step 1
Concept
An old base year may not represent current goods services and price patterns properly. Therefore it is revised periodically.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अर्थव्यवस्था की वर्तमान संरचना दिखाने के लिए / To reflect the current structure of the economy. An old base year may not represent current goods services and price patterns properly. Therefore it is revised periodically.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुराना आधार वर्ष वर्तमान वस्तुओं सेवाओं और कीमत संरचना को सही रूप से नहीं दिखा सकता। इसलिए आधार वर्ष समय-समय पर बदला जाता है।
A. जनसंख्या वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद से अधिक तेजी से बढ़ी/Population grew faster than real GDP
Step 1
Concept
If population grows faster than output real output per person may fall. Distinguish total and per capita measures.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जनसंख्या वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद से अधिक तेजी से बढ़ी / Population grew faster than real GDP. If population grows faster than output real output per person may fall. Distinguish total and per capita measures.
Step 3
Exam Tip
यदि जनसंख्या उत्पादन से अधिक तेजी से बढ़े तो प्रति व्यक्ति वास्तविक उत्पादन घट सकता है। कुल और प्रति व्यक्ति माप अलग रखें।
As a simple approximation real growth is about (18-10=8) percent. Subtract price growth from nominal growth.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 8 प्रतिशत / 8 percent. As a simple approximation real growth is about (18-10=8) percent. Subtract price growth from nominal growth.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सरल अनुमान में वास्तविक वृद्धि लगभग (18-10=8) प्रतिशत है। नाममात्र वृद्धि से मूल्य वृद्धि घटाएं।
As a simple approximation nominal growth is about (7+4=11) percent. Add real growth and price growth.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. 11 प्रतिशत / 11 percent. As a simple approximation nominal growth is about (7+4=11) percent. Add real growth and price growth.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सरल अनुमान में नाममात्र वृद्धि लगभग (7+4=11) प्रतिशत है। वास्तविक वृद्धि और मूल्य वृद्धि जोड़ें।
The deflator \(=\frac{22000}{20000}\times100=110\). Therefore the price level is 10 percent above the base year.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. 110 और 10 प्रतिशत / 110 and 10 percent. The deflator \(=\frac{22000}{20000}\times100=110\). Therefore the price level is 10 percent above the base year.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकारक \(=\frac{22000}{20000}\times100=110\) है। इसलिए मूल्य स्तर आधार वर्ष से 10 प्रतिशत अधिक है।
Nominal GDP is measured at current year prices. Remember it as output valued at current prices.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. चालू कीमतों पर / Current prices. Nominal GDP is measured at current year prices. Remember it as output valued at current prices.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद चालू वर्ष की कीमतों पर मापा जाता है। इसे वर्तमान कीमत वाला उत्पादन समझें।
B. स्थिर आधार वर्ष की कीमतों पर/Constant base year prices
Step 1
Concept
Real GDP is measured at constant base year prices. This removes the effect of price changes.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. स्थिर आधार वर्ष की कीमतों पर / Constant base year prices. Real GDP is measured at constant base year prices. This removes the effect of price changes.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद आधार वर्ष की स्थिर कीमतों पर मापा जाता है। इससे कीमतों का प्रभाव हटता है।
A. वास्तविक उत्पादन में वृद्धि/Increase in real output
Step 1
Concept
Real GDP reflects changes in quantity. Therefore its rise indicates higher real output.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वास्तविक उत्पादन में वृद्धि / Increase in real output. Real GDP reflects changes in quantity. Therefore its rise indicates higher real output.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद मात्रा में बदलाव को दिखाता है। इसलिए इसकी वृद्धि वास्तविक उत्पादन बढ़ने का संकेत है।
Nominal GDP is in the numerator of the deflator formula. The formula is \(GDP\ Deflator=\frac{Nominal\ GDP}{Real\ GDP}\times100\).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद / Nominal GDP. Nominal GDP is in the numerator of the deflator formula. The formula is \(GDP\ Deflator=\frac{Nominal\ GDP}{Real\ GDP}\times100\).
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकारक के सूत्र में अंश नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद होता है। सूत्र \(GDP\ Deflator=\frac{Nominal\ GDP}{Real\ GDP}\times100\) है।
Real GDP is in the denominator of the deflator formula. Remember the order of numerator and denominator.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद / Real GDP. Real GDP is in the denominator of the deflator formula. Remember the order of numerator and denominator.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकारक के सूत्र में हर वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद होता है। अंश और हर का क्रम याद रखें।
Real GDP \(=\frac{15000}{125}\times100=12000\) crore. Remove the price effect from nominal GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. ₹12,000 करोड़ / ₹12,000 crore. Real GDP \(=\frac{15000}{125}\times100=12000\) crore. Remove the price effect from nominal GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद \(=\frac{15000}{125}\times100=12000\) करोड़। नाममात्र मूल्य से कीमत प्रभाव हटाएं।
A. लगभग 20 प्रतिशत बढ़ेगा/It will rise by about 20 percent
Step 1
Concept
At constant prices real GDP rises in proportion to quantity. Therefore it will increase by about 20 percent.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. लगभग 20 प्रतिशत बढ़ेगा / It will rise by about 20 percent. At constant prices real GDP rises in proportion to quantity. Therefore it will increase by about 20 percent.
Step 3
Exam Tip
स्थिर कीमतों पर वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद मात्रा के अनुपात में बढ़ता है। इसलिए यह लगभग 20 प्रतिशत बढ़ेगा।
A. लगभग 12 प्रतिशत बढ़ेगा/It will rise by about 12 percent
Step 1
Concept
When quantity is constant nominal GDP rises in proportion to prices. Therefore it increases by about 12 percent.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. लगभग 12 प्रतिशत बढ़ेगा / It will rise by about 12 percent. When quantity is constant nominal GDP rises in proportion to prices. Therefore it increases by about 12 percent.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मात्रा स्थिर होने पर नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद कीमतों के अनुपात में बढ़ता है। इसलिए वृद्धि लगभग 12 प्रतिशत होगी।
When prices are constant lower output reduces both measures. The difference arises when prices change.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दोनों घटेंगे / Both will fall. When prices are constant lower output reduces both measures. The difference arises when prices change.
Step 3
Exam Tip
स्थिर कीमतों पर उत्पादन घटने से दोनों मापों का मूल्य घटता है। अंतर कीमत बदलने पर पैदा होता है।
Real GDP is measured at base year prices. A fall in current prices does not change it.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. अपरिवर्तित रहेगा / It will remain unchanged. Real GDP is measured at base year prices. A fall in current prices does not change it.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद आधार वर्ष की कीमतों पर मापा जाता है। चालू कीमत घटने से यह नहीं बदलता।
A. इसमें कीमत परिवर्तन का प्रभाव होता है/It includes the effect of price changes
Step 1
Concept
Nominal GDP changes with both prices and quantities. Therefore it does not show only real output growth.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. इसमें कीमत परिवर्तन का प्रभाव होता है / It includes the effect of price changes. Nominal GDP changes with both prices and quantities. Therefore it does not show only real output growth.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद कीमत और मात्रा दोनों से बदलता है। इसलिए यह वास्तविक उत्पादन वृद्धि को अकेले नहीं दिखाता।
A. यह स्थिर कीमतों का उपयोग करता है/It uses constant prices
Step 1
Concept
Constant prices remove the effect of price changes. This allows a real comparison of output.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह स्थिर कीमतों का उपयोग करता है / It uses constant prices. Constant prices remove the effect of price changes. This allows a real comparison of output.
Step 3
Exam Tip
स्थिर कीमतों के कारण मूल्य परिवर्तन का प्रभाव हट जाता है। इससे उत्पादन की वास्तविक तुलना होती है।
As a simple approximation price growth is about (14-8=6) percent. Subtract real growth from nominal growth.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 6 प्रतिशत / 6 percent. As a simple approximation price growth is about (14-8=6) percent. Subtract real growth from nominal growth.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सरल अनुमान में मूल्य वृद्धि लगभग (14-8=6) प्रतिशत है। नाममात्र वृद्धि से वास्तविक वृद्धि घटाएं।
As a simple approximation nominal growth is about (9+3=12) percent. Add real growth and price growth.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. 12 प्रतिशत / 12 percent. As a simple approximation nominal growth is about (9+3=12) percent. Add real growth and price growth.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सरल अनुमान में नाममात्र वृद्धि लगभग (9+3=12) प्रतिशत है। वास्तविक और मूल्य वृद्धि जोड़ें।
Real output is unchanged but nominal value has risen. Therefore the increase is due to higher prices.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्य स्तर बढ़ा है / The price level has risen. Real output is unchanged but nominal value has risen. Therefore the increase is due to higher prices.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वास्तविक उत्पादन समान है लेकिन नाममात्र मूल्य बढ़ा है। इसलिए वृद्धि कीमतों के कारण हुई है।
Real output rose while nominal value stayed unchanged. This means lower prices offset the quantity increase.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कीमतों में गिरावट हुई है / Prices have fallen. Real output rose while nominal value stayed unchanged. This means lower prices offset the quantity increase.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वास्तविक उत्पादन बढ़ने के बावजूद नाममात्र मूल्य समान है। इसका अर्थ कीमतों में गिरावट ने मात्रा वृद्धि को संतुलित किया।
Real GDP falls because output quantity declines. A sharp price rise may still raise nominal GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कीमतों में तेज वृद्धि / Sharp rise in prices. Real GDP falls because output quantity declines. A sharp price rise may still raise nominal GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
उत्पादन मात्रा घटने से वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद घटा है। तेज कीमत वृद्धि नाममात्र मूल्य को फिर भी बढ़ा सकती है।
A. कीमतों में पर्याप्त गिरावट/Sufficient fall in prices
Step 1
Concept
Higher quantity may raise real GDP. A sufficient price fall may reduce nominal GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कीमतों में पर्याप्त गिरावट / Sufficient fall in prices. Higher quantity may raise real GDP. A sufficient price fall may reduce nominal GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मात्रा बढ़ने से वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद बढ़ सकता है। पर्याप्त कीमत गिरावट नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद घटा सकती है।
A. औसत वास्तविक जीवन स्तर/Average real living standard
Step 1
Concept
Real GDP per capita shows average real output per person. It is used as an indicator of living standards.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. औसत वास्तविक जीवन स्तर / Average real living standard. Real GDP per capita shows average real output per person. It is used as an indicator of living standards.
Step 3
Exam Tip
प्रति व्यक्ति वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद प्रति व्यक्ति औसत वास्तविक उत्पादन बताता है। इसे जीवन स्तर के संकेतक के रूप में उपयोग किया जाता है।
A. \(Real\ GDP\ Per\ Capita=\frac{Real\ GDP}{Population}\)
Step 1
Concept
Real GDP per capita is found by dividing real GDP by population. Population is the denominator.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(Real\ GDP\ Per\ Capita=\frac{Real\ GDP}{Population}\). Real GDP per capita is found by dividing real GDP by population. Population is the denominator.
Step 3
Exam Tip
प्रति व्यक्ति वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद के लिए वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद को जनसंख्या से भाग देते हैं। सूत्र का हर जनसंख्या है।
As a simple approximation real GDP per capita growth (=8-3=5) percent. Subtract population growth from output growth.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 5 प्रतिशत / 5 percent. As a simple approximation real GDP per capita growth (=8-3=5) percent. Subtract population growth from output growth.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सरल अनुमान में प्रति व्यक्ति वास्तविक वृद्धि (=8-3=5) प्रतिशत है। उत्पादन वृद्धि से जनसंख्या वृद्धि घटाएं।
A. लगभग 2 प्रतिशत घटेगा/It will fall by about 2 percent
Step 1
Concept
Population grew faster than output. Therefore real GDP per capita will fall by about 2 percent.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. लगभग 2 प्रतिशत घटेगा / It will fall by about 2 percent. Population grew faster than output. Therefore real GDP per capita will fall by about 2 percent.
Step 3
Exam Tip
जनसंख्या उत्पादन से अधिक तेजी से बढ़ी है। इसलिए प्रति व्यक्ति वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद लगभग 2 प्रतिशत घटेगा।
A. अर्थव्यवस्था की वर्तमान संरचना दिखाना/To reflect the current structure of the economy
Step 1
Concept
The structure of goods services and prices changes over time. A new base year better represents the current economy.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अर्थव्यवस्था की वर्तमान संरचना दिखाना / To reflect the current structure of the economy. The structure of goods services and prices changes over time. A new base year better represents the current economy.
Step 3
Exam Tip
समय के साथ वस्तुओं सेवाओं और कीमतों की संरचना बदलती है। नया आधार वर्ष वर्तमान अर्थव्यवस्था को बेहतर दर्शाता है।
A. मूल्यांकन के लिए उपयोग की गई कीमतें/Prices used for valuation
Step 1
Concept
Changing the base year changes the set of constant prices. Quantity may remain the same while valuation changes.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यांकन के लिए उपयोग की गई कीमतें / Prices used for valuation. Changing the base year changes the set of constant prices. Quantity may remain the same while valuation changes.
Step 3
Exam Tip
आधार वर्ष बदलने से स्थिर कीमतों का समूह बदलता है। उत्पादन मात्रा वही रह सकती है लेकिन मूल्यांकन बदल सकता है।
A. यह घरेलू उत्पादन की अनेक अंतिम वस्तुओं और सेवाओं को शामिल करता है/It includes many final goods and services produced domestically
Step 1
Concept
The GDP deflator reflects the price level of a broad set of domestically produced final output. Therefore it is a broad index.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह घरेलू उत्पादन की अनेक अंतिम वस्तुओं और सेवाओं को शामिल करता है / It includes many final goods and services produced domestically. The GDP deflator reflects the price level of a broad set of domestically produced final output. Therefore it is a broad index.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सकल घरेलू उत्पाद अपस्फीतिकारक घरेलू अंतिम उत्पादन के व्यापक समूह का मूल्य स्तर दर्शाता है। इसलिए यह व्यापक सूचकांक है।
Real GDP \(=\frac{32000}{128}\times100=25000\) crore. Divide by the deflator to remove the price effect.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. ₹25,000 करोड़ / ₹25,000 crore. Real GDP \(=\frac{32000}{128}\times100=25000\) crore. Divide by the deflator to remove the price effect.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद \(=\frac{32000}{128}\times100=25000\) करोड़। कीमत प्रभाव हटाने के लिए अपस्फीतिकारक से भाग दें।
A deflator of 150 means nominal GDP is 150 percent of real GDP. The ratio follows directly from the formula.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. 150 प्रतिशत / 150 percent. A deflator of 150 means nominal GDP is 150 percent of real GDP. The ratio follows directly from the formula.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकारक 150 का अर्थ नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद वास्तविक का 150 प्रतिशत है। सूत्र से अनुपात सीधे मिलता है।
A deflator of 75 means nominal GDP is 75 percent of real GDP. This indicates a lower current price level.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 75 प्रतिशत / 75 percent. A deflator of 75 means nominal GDP is 75 percent of real GDP. This indicates a lower current price level.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकारक 75 का अर्थ नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद वास्तविक का 75 प्रतिशत है। यह कम चालू मूल्य स्तर दिखाता है।
As a simple approximation real growth is about (20-12=8) percent. Subtract price growth from nominal growth.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 8 प्रतिशत / 8 percent. As a simple approximation real growth is about (20-12=8) percent. Subtract price growth from nominal growth.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सरल अनुमान में वास्तविक वृद्धि लगभग (20-12=8) प्रतिशत है। नाममात्र वृद्धि से मूल्य वृद्धि घटाएं।
The deflator \(=\frac{26400}{24000}\times100=110\). Therefore the price level is 10 percent higher.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. 110 और 10 प्रतिशत / 110 and 10 percent. The deflator \(=\frac{26400}{24000}\times100=110\). Therefore the price level is 10 percent higher.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकारक \(=\frac{26400}{24000}\times100=110\) है। इसलिए मूल्य स्तर 10 प्रतिशत अधिक है।
The deflator \(=\frac{18000}{20000}\times100=90\). Therefore the price level is 10 percent below the base year.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 90 और 10 प्रतिशत / 90 and 10 percent. The deflator \(=\frac{18000}{20000}\times100=90\). Therefore the price level is 10 percent below the base year.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकारक \(=\frac{18000}{20000}\times100=90\) है। इसलिए मूल्य स्तर आधार वर्ष से 10 प्रतिशत कम है।
The deflator \(=\frac{21600}{18000}\times100=120\). Therefore the price level is 20 percent above the base year.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. 20 प्रतिशत / 20 percent. The deflator \(=\frac{21600}{18000}\times100=120\). Therefore the price level is 20 percent above the base year.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकारक \(=\frac{21600}{18000}\times100=120\) है। इसलिए मूल्य स्तर आधार वर्ष से 20 प्रतिशत अधिक है।
A. मूल्य स्तर आधार वर्ष से 25 प्रतिशत अधिक है/Price level is 25 percent above the base year
Step 1
Concept
A deflator of 125 means the price level is 125 percent of the base-year level. Thus it is 25 percent higher.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्य स्तर आधार वर्ष से 25 प्रतिशत अधिक है / Price level is 25 percent above the base year. A deflator of 125 means the price level is 125 percent of the base-year level. Thus it is 25 percent higher.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकार 125 का अर्थ है कि मूल्य स्तर आधार वर्ष के 125 प्रतिशत के बराबर है। इसलिए यह 25 प्रतिशत अधिक है।
B. चालू मूल्य स्तर आधार वर्ष से 10 प्रतिशत कम है/Current price level is 10 percent below the base year
Step 1
Concept
A deflator of 90 shows that the current price level is 90 percent of the base-year level. Thus it is 10 percent lower.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. चालू मूल्य स्तर आधार वर्ष से 10 प्रतिशत कम है / Current price level is 10 percent below the base year. A deflator of 90 shows that the current price level is 90 percent of the base-year level. Thus it is 10 percent lower.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकार 90 दर्शाता है कि चालू मूल्य स्तर आधार वर्ष का 90 प्रतिशत है। अतः यह 10 प्रतिशत कम है।
C. घरेलू रूप से उत्पादित अंतिम वस्तुएं और सेवाएं/Domestically produced final goods and services
Step 1
Concept
The deflator is based on prices of domestically produced final goods and services. Imports are not directly included.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. घरेलू रूप से उत्पादित अंतिम वस्तुएं और सेवाएं / Domestically produced final goods and services. The deflator is based on prices of domestically produced final goods and services. Imports are not directly included.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकार घरेलू रूप से उत्पादित अंतिम वस्तुओं और सेवाओं की कीमतों पर आधारित होता है। आयात इसमें सीधे शामिल नहीं होते।
D. क्योंकि आयात घरेलू उत्पादन का भाग नहीं होते/Because imports are not part of domestic production
Step 1
Concept
GDP measures domestic production only. Therefore prices of imported goods are not directly included in the deflator.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. क्योंकि आयात घरेलू उत्पादन का भाग नहीं होते / Because imports are not part of domestic production. GDP measures domestic production only. Therefore prices of imported goods are not directly included in the deflator.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सकल घरेलू उत्पाद केवल घरेलू उत्पादन को मापता है। इसलिए आयातित वस्तुओं की कीमतें अपस्फीतिकार में सीधे शामिल नहीं होतीं।
B. सामान्य मूल्य स्तर में परिवर्तन मापने के लिए/To measure changes in the general price level
Step 1
Concept
The deflator shows changes in the general price level of domestic final output. It is an indicator of inflation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. सामान्य मूल्य स्तर में परिवर्तन मापने के लिए / To measure changes in the general price level. The deflator shows changes in the general price level of domestic final output. It is an indicator of inflation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकार घरेलू अंतिम उत्पादन के सामान्य मूल्य स्तर में बदलाव बताता है। यह महंगाई मापने का एक संकेतक है।
C. औसत मूल्य स्तर बढ़ा है/Average price level has risen
Step 1
Concept
A rise in the deflator indicates an increase in the average domestic price level. It is associated with inflation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. औसत मूल्य स्तर बढ़ा है / Average price level has risen. A rise in the deflator indicates an increase in the average domestic price level. It is associated with inflation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकार में वृद्धि औसत घरेलू मूल्य स्तर बढ़ने का संकेत देती है। इसे महंगाई से जोड़ा जाता है।
D. औसत मूल्य स्तर घटा है/Average price level has fallen
Step 1
Concept
A fall in the deflator shows a decline in the average price level. It may indicate deflation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. औसत मूल्य स्तर घटा है / Average price level has fallen. A fall in the deflator shows a decline in the average price level. It may indicate deflation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकार में गिरावट औसत मूल्य स्तर में गिरावट दिखाती है। इसे अपस्फीति का संकेत माना जा सकता है।
A. नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद वास्तविक से अधिक होगा/Nominal GDP will be greater than real GDP
Step 1
Concept
A deflator above 100 means current prices are above base-year prices. Therefore nominal GDP is generally higher.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद वास्तविक से अधिक होगा / Nominal GDP will be greater than real GDP. A deflator above 100 means current prices are above base-year prices. Therefore nominal GDP is generally higher.
Step 3
Exam Tip
100 से अधिक अपस्फीतिकार बताता है कि चालू कीमतें आधार कीमतों से अधिक हैं। इसलिए नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद सामान्यतः अधिक होता है।
B. नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद वास्तविक से कम होगा/Nominal GDP will be less than real GDP
Step 1
Concept
A deflator below 100 indicates current prices are below base-year prices. Therefore nominal GDP is generally lower.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद वास्तविक से कम होगा / Nominal GDP will be less than real GDP. A deflator below 100 indicates current prices are below base-year prices. Therefore nominal GDP is generally lower.
Step 3
Exam Tip
100 से कम अपस्फीतिकार चालू कीमतों के आधार कीमतों से कम होने का संकेत देता है। इसलिए नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद सामान्यतः कम होता है।
B. अपस्फीतिकार घरेलू अंतिम उत्पादन पर आधारित है जबकि उपभोक्ता मूल्य सूचकांक उपभोक्ता टोकरी पर आधारित है/The deflator is based on domestic final output while CPI is based on a consumer basket
Step 1
Concept
The deflator uses prices of domestic final output. CPI is based on prices of a consumer basket.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. अपस्फीतिकार घरेलू अंतिम उत्पादन पर आधारित है जबकि उपभोक्ता मूल्य सूचकांक उपभोक्ता टोकरी पर आधारित है / The deflator is based on domestic final output while CPI is based on a consumer basket. The deflator uses prices of domestic final output. CPI is based on prices of a consumer basket.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकार घरेलू अंतिम उत्पादन की कीमतें लेता है। उपभोक्ता मूल्य सूचकांक एक उपभोक्ता टोकरी की कीमतों पर आधारित होता है।
C. हां क्योंकि यह चालू घरेलू उत्पादन पर आधारित है/Yes because it is based on current domestic production
Step 1
Concept
The deflator reflects current-year domestic production. Therefore its composition of goods can change over time.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. हां क्योंकि यह चालू घरेलू उत्पादन पर आधारित है / Yes because it is based on current domestic production. The deflator reflects current-year domestic production. Therefore its composition of goods can change over time.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकार चालू वर्ष के घरेलू उत्पादन को दर्शाता है। इसलिए उसकी वस्तु संरचना समय के साथ बदल सकती है।
Nominal GDP \(=\frac{110\times500}{100}=₹550\) crore. A deflator of 110 means a price level of 1.10 times.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. 550 करोड़ रुपये / ₹550 crore. Nominal GDP \(=\frac{110\times500}{100}=₹550\) crore. A deflator of 110 means a price level of 1.10 times.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद \(=\frac{110\times500}{100}=550\) करोड़ रुपये है। 110 का अर्थ 1.10 गुना मूल्य स्तर है।
Inflation rate \(=\frac{126-120}{120}\times100=5\) percent. Divide the index difference by the initial index.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 5 प्रतिशत / 5 percent. Inflation rate \(=\frac{126-120}{120}\times100=5\) percent. Divide the index difference by the initial index.
Step 3
Exam Tip
महंगाई दर \(=\frac{126-120}{120}\times100=5\) प्रतिशत है। सूचकांक अंतर को प्रारंभिक सूचकांक से भाग दें।
B. नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद और वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद/Nominal GDP and real GDP
Step 1
Concept
The deflator is calculated from the ratio of nominal GDP to real GDP. Both figures should refer to the same year.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद और वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद / Nominal GDP and real GDP. The deflator is calculated from the ratio of nominal GDP to real GDP. Both figures should refer to the same year.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकार नाममात्र और वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद के अनुपात से निकाला जाता है। दोनों आंकड़े समान वर्ष के होने चाहिए।
Nominal GDP \(=\frac{140\times600}{100}=₹840\) crore. The deflator may also be written as 1.40 in decimal form.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 840 करोड़ रुपये / ₹840 crore. Nominal GDP \(=\frac{140\times600}{100}=₹840\) crore. The deflator may also be written as 1.40 in decimal form.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद \(=\frac{140\times600}{100}=840\) करोड़ रुपये है। अपस्फीतिकार को दशमलव में 1.40 भी लिखा जा सकता है।
A deflator of 160 means the price level is 60 percent above the base year. Subtract 100 to find the difference.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 60 प्रतिशत / 60 percent. A deflator of 160 means the price level is 60 percent above the base year. Subtract 100 to find the difference.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकार 160 का अर्थ आधार वर्ष के मूल्य स्तर से 60 प्रतिशत अधिक है। 100 को घटाकर अंतर निकालें।
A deflator of 70 means the current price level is 70 percent of the base-year level. Therefore it is 30 percent lower.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 30 प्रतिशत / 30 percent. A deflator of 70 means the current price level is 70 percent of the base-year level. Therefore it is 30 percent lower.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकार 70 का अर्थ चालू मूल्य स्तर आधार वर्ष का 70 प्रतिशत है। इसलिए यह 30 प्रतिशत कम है।
A. घरेलू अंतिम वस्तुओं की कीमतों में वृद्धि/Rise in prices of domestic final goods
Step 1
Concept
A rise in prices of domestic final goods and services increases the deflator. The other options do not directly change the price index.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. घरेलू अंतिम वस्तुओं की कीमतों में वृद्धि / Rise in prices of domestic final goods. A rise in prices of domestic final goods and services increases the deflator. The other options do not directly change the price index.
Step 3
Exam Tip
घरेलू अंतिम वस्तुओं और सेवाओं की कीमत बढ़ने से अपस्फीतिकार बढ़ता है। अन्य विकल्प सीधे मूल्य सूचकांक नहीं बदलते।
B. यह सामान्यतः अपरिवर्तित रहेगा/It will generally remain unchanged
Step 1
Concept
When prices remain unchanged nominal and real GDP rise in the same proportion. Therefore the deflator generally remains unchanged.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. यह सामान्यतः अपरिवर्तित रहेगा / It will generally remain unchanged. When prices remain unchanged nominal and real GDP rise in the same proportion. Therefore the deflator generally remains unchanged.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कीमतें समान रहने पर नाममात्र और वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद समान अनुपात में बढ़ते हैं। इसलिए अपस्फीतिकार सामान्यतः नहीं बदलता।
When both rise at the same rate their ratio does not change. Therefore the deflator remains unchanged.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. अपरिवर्तित रहेगा / It remains unchanged. When both rise at the same rate their ratio does not change. Therefore the deflator remains unchanged.
Step 3
Exam Tip
दोनों समान दर से बढ़ने पर उनका अनुपात नहीं बदलता। इसलिए अपस्फीतिकार अपरिवर्तित रहता है।
When nominal GDP rises while real GDP stays constant their ratio increases. Therefore the deflator rises.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. बढ़ेगा / It will rise. When nominal GDP rises while real GDP stays constant their ratio increases. Therefore the deflator rises.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद बढ़ने और वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद स्थिर रहने पर उनका अनुपात बढ़ता है। इसलिए अपस्फीतिकार बढ़ता है।
A rise in the deflator from 100 to 110 means a 10 percent price increase. Calculation is simple because the base is 100.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 10 प्रतिशत / 10 percent. A rise in the deflator from 100 to 110 means a 10 percent price increase. Calculation is simple because the base is 100.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकार 100 से 110 होने का अर्थ 10 प्रतिशत मूल्य वृद्धि है। आधार 100 होने से गणना सरल है।
When the deflator falls from 100 to 95 the price level falls by 5 percent. This may be called deflation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. 5 प्रतिशत कमी / 5 percent fall. When the deflator falls from 100 to 95 the price level falls by 5 percent. This may be called deflation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकार 100 से 95 होने पर मूल्य स्तर 5 प्रतिशत घटा है। इसे अपस्फीति कहा जा सकता है।
D. नहीं क्योंकि वे चालू उत्पादन नहीं हैं/No because they are not current production
Step 1
Concept
Second-hand goods are not part of current-year production. Therefore their sale value is not included in GDP or its deflator.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. नहीं क्योंकि वे चालू उत्पादन नहीं हैं / No because they are not current production. Second-hand goods are not part of current-year production. Therefore their sale value is not included in GDP or its deflator.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुरानी वस्तुएं चालू वर्ष के उत्पादन का भाग नहीं होतीं। इसलिए उनका विक्रय मूल्य सकल घरेलू उत्पाद और उसके अपस्फीतिकार में शामिल नहीं होता।
A. घरेलू अर्थव्यवस्था के अंतिम उत्पादन का/Final output of the domestic economy
Step 1
Concept
The deflator represents prices of final goods and services produced in the domestic economy. Treat it as a domestic price index.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. घरेलू अर्थव्यवस्था के अंतिम उत्पादन का / Final output of the domestic economy. The deflator represents prices of final goods and services produced in the domestic economy. Treat it as a domestic price index.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकार घरेलू अर्थव्यवस्था में उत्पादित अंतिम वस्तुओं और सेवाओं की कीमतों को दर्शाता है। इसे घरेलू मूल्य सूचकांक समझें।
Nominal GDP \(=\frac{105\times1000}{100}=₹1050\) crore. A deflator of 105 means a price level 5 percent above the base.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 1050 करोड़ रुपये / ₹1050 crore. Nominal GDP \(=\frac{105\times1000}{100}=₹1050\) crore. A deflator of 105 means a price level 5 percent above the base.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद \(=\frac{105\times1000}{100}=1050\) करोड़ रुपये है। 105 का अर्थ आधार से 5 प्रतिशत अधिक मूल्य स्तर है।
D. अपस्फीतिकार में प्रतिशत परिवर्तन निकालकर/By calculating the percentage change in the deflator
Step 1
Concept
Inflation is calculated from the percentage change in the deflator. Both the old and new index values are required.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. अपस्फीतिकार में प्रतिशत परिवर्तन निकालकर / By calculating the percentage change in the deflator. Inflation is calculated from the percentage change in the deflator. Both the old and new index values are required.
Step 3
Exam Tip
महंगाई दर अपस्फीतिकार के प्रतिशत परिवर्तन से निकाली जाती है। पुराने और नए दोनों सूचकांक आवश्यक होते हैं।
Nominal GDP \(=\frac{115\times800}{100}=₹920\) crore. Multiply the deflator by real GDP and divide by 100.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. 920 करोड़ रुपये / ₹920 crore. Nominal GDP \(=\frac{115\times800}{100}=₹920\) crore. Multiply the deflator by real GDP and divide by 100.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद \(=\frac{115\times800}{100}=920\) करोड़ रुपये है। अपस्फीतिकार को वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद से गुणा करें।
Inflation rate \(=\frac{143-130}{130}\times100=10\) percent. Use the old index in the denominator for percentage change.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 10 प्रतिशत / 10 percent. Inflation rate \(=\frac{143-130}{130}\times100=10\) percent. Use the old index in the denominator for percentage change.
Step 3
Exam Tip
महंगाई दर \(=\frac{143-130}{130}\times100=10\) प्रतिशत है। प्रतिशत परिवर्तन के लिए पुराने सूचकांक को हर में रखें।
The deflator \(=\frac{990}{900}\times100=110\). Therefore the price level is 10 percent above the base year.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 10 प्रतिशत / 10 percent. The deflator \(=\frac{990}{900}\times100=110\). Therefore the price level is 10 percent above the base year.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकार \(=\frac{990}{900}\times100=110\) है। इसलिए मूल्य स्तर आधार वर्ष से 10 प्रतिशत अधिक है।
When the deflator rises from 100 to 120 the price level increases by 20 percent. With a base of 100 the difference shows the percentage rise.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 20 प्रतिशत वृद्धि / 20 percent rise. When the deflator rises from 100 to 120 the price level increases by 20 percent. With a base of 100 the difference shows the percentage rise.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकार 100 से 120 होने पर मूल्य स्तर 20 प्रतिशत बढ़ता है। आधार 100 होने पर अंतर ही प्रतिशत वृद्धि बताता है।
B. नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद और वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद का अनुपात/Ratio of nominal GDP to real GDP
Step 1
Concept
The deflator is obtained by dividing nominal GDP by real GDP. The result is then multiplied by 100.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद और वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद का अनुपात / Ratio of nominal GDP to real GDP. The deflator is obtained by dividing nominal GDP by real GDP. The result is then multiplied by 100.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकार नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद को वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद से भाग देकर निकाला जाता है। इसके बाद परिणाम को 100 से गुणा किया जाता है।
A. \(GDP\ Deflator=\frac{Nominal\ GDP}{Real\ GDP}\times100\)
Step 1
Concept
The correct formula is \(GDP\ Deflator=\frac{Nominal\ GDP}{Real\ GDP}\times100\). Nominal GDP is placed in the numerator.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(GDP\ Deflator=\frac{Nominal\ GDP}{Real\ GDP}\times100\). The correct formula is \(GDP\ Deflator=\frac{Nominal\ GDP}{Real\ GDP}\times100\). Nominal GDP is placed in the numerator.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सही सूत्र \(GDP\ Deflator=\frac{Nominal\ GDP}{Real\ GDP}\times100\) है। अंश में नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद आता है।
Nominal GDP \(=\frac{120\times800}{100}=₹960\) crore. The deflator may also be written as 1.20 in decimal form.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. 960 करोड़ रुपये / ₹960 crore. Nominal GDP \(=\frac{120\times800}{100}=₹960\) crore. The deflator may also be written as 1.20 in decimal form.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद \(=\frac{120\times800}{100}=960\) करोड़ रुपये है। अपस्फीतिकार को दशमलव में 1.20 भी लिख सकते हैं।
A deflator of 108 means the price level is 8 percent above the base year. Subtract 100 to find the difference.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 8 प्रतिशत / 8 percent. A deflator of 108 means the price level is 8 percent above the base year. Subtract 100 to find the difference.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकार 108 का अर्थ मूल्य स्तर आधार वर्ष से 8 प्रतिशत अधिक है। 100 घटाकर अंतर ज्ञात करें।
A deflator of 85 shows that the current price level is 85 percent of the base-year level. Therefore it is 15 percent lower.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. 15 प्रतिशत / 15 percent. A deflator of 85 shows that the current price level is 85 percent of the base-year level. Therefore it is 15 percent lower.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकार 85 दर्शाता है कि चालू मूल्य स्तर आधार वर्ष का 85 प्रतिशत है। इसलिए यह 15 प्रतिशत कम है।
A rise from 100 to 115 shows a 15 percent increase in the price level. Since the base index is 100 the difference directly gives the percentage.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 15 प्रतिशत / 15 percent. A rise from 100 to 115 shows a 15 percent increase in the price level. Since the base index is 100 the difference directly gives the percentage.
Step 3
Exam Tip
100 से 115 की वृद्धि मूल्य स्तर में 15 प्रतिशत वृद्धि दिखाती है। आधार सूचकांक 100 होने से अंतर सीधे प्रतिशत है।
When the deflator falls from 100 to 92 the price level declines by 8 percent. This indicates deflation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 8 प्रतिशत कमी / 8 percent fall. When the deflator falls from 100 to 92 the price level declines by 8 percent. This indicates deflation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकार 100 से 92 होने पर मूल्य स्तर 8 प्रतिशत घटता है। यह अपस्फीति का संकेत है।
Imported goods are not part of domestic production. Therefore their prices are not directly included in the GDP deflator.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. आयातित वस्तुएं / Imported goods. Imported goods are not part of domestic production. Therefore their prices are not directly included in the GDP deflator.
Step 3
Exam Tip
आयातित वस्तुएं घरेलू उत्पादन का भाग नहीं हैं। इसलिए उनकी कीमतें सकल घरेलू उत्पाद अपस्फीतिकार में सीधे शामिल नहीं होतीं।
A. देश में बनी नई मशीन/A newly produced machine made within the country
Step 1
Concept
A newly produced domestic machine is part of current domestic final output. Therefore its price is included in the GDP deflator.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. देश में बनी नई मशीन / A newly produced machine made within the country. A newly produced domestic machine is part of current domestic final output. Therefore its price is included in the GDP deflator.
Step 3
Exam Tip
देश में बनी नई मशीन चालू घरेलू अंतिम उत्पादन है। इसलिए उसकी कीमत सकल घरेलू उत्पाद अपस्फीतिकार में शामिल होती है।
B. क्योंकि वह चालू उत्पादन नहीं है/Because it is not current production
Step 1
Concept
A second-hand good has already been counted in production in an earlier year. Therefore its resale is not part of current GDP.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. क्योंकि वह चालू उत्पादन नहीं है / Because it is not current production. A second-hand good has already been counted in production in an earlier year. Therefore its resale is not part of current GDP.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुरानी वस्तु पहले ही किसी पूर्व वर्ष के उत्पादन में गिनी जा चुकी होती है। इसलिए उसकी पुनर्बिक्री चालू सकल घरेलू उत्पाद का भाग नहीं है।
When real GDP is greater the ratio of nominal to real GDP is below 1. Therefore the deflator will be below 100.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 100 से कम / Below 100. When real GDP is greater the ratio of nominal to real GDP is below 1. Therefore the deflator will be below 100.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वास्तविक सकल घरेलू उत्पाद अधिक होने पर नाममात्र और वास्तविक का अनुपात 1 से कम होता है। इसलिए अपस्फीतिकार 100 से कम होगा।
The deflator \(=\frac{660}{600}\times100=110\). Therefore the price level is 10 percent above the base year.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 10 प्रतिशत / 10 percent. The deflator \(=\frac{660}{600}\times100=110\). Therefore the price level is 10 percent above the base year.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकार \(=\frac{660}{600}\times100=110\) है। इसलिए मूल्य स्तर आधार वर्ष से 10 प्रतिशत अधिक है।
Nominal GDP \(=\frac{90\times700}{100}=₹630\) crore. A deflator below 100 indicates lower current prices.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 630 करोड़ रुपये / ₹630 crore. Nominal GDP \(=\frac{90\times700}{100}=₹630\) crore. A deflator below 100 indicates lower current prices.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नाममात्र सकल घरेलू उत्पाद \(=\frac{90\times700}{100}=630\) करोड़ रुपये है। 100 से कम अपस्फीतिकार कम चालू कीमतों को दर्शाता है।
A deflator of 150 means the current price level is 150 percent of the base-year level. It is 50 percent higher.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. 150 प्रतिशत / 150 percent. A deflator of 150 means the current price level is 150 percent of the base-year level. It is 50 percent higher.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकार 150 का अर्थ चालू मूल्य स्तर आधार वर्ष के मूल्य स्तर का 150 प्रतिशत है। यह 50 प्रतिशत अधिक है।
The deflator directly shows the price level as a percentage of the base-year level. Therefore the current price level is 65 percent.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 65 प्रतिशत / 65 percent. The deflator directly shows the price level as a percentage of the base-year level. Therefore the current price level is 65 percent.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकार का मान सीधे आधार वर्ष के सापेक्ष मूल्य स्तर का प्रतिशत बताता है। इसलिए चालू मूल्य स्तर 65 प्रतिशत है।
The fall in the price level \(=\frac{160-144}{160}\times100=10\) percent. Index points and percentage change are different.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 10 प्रतिशत / 10 percent. The fall in the price level \(=\frac{160-144}{160}\times100=10\) percent. Index points and percentage change are different.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मूल्य स्तर की कमी \(=\frac{160-144}{160}\times100=10\) प्रतिशत है। सूचकांक बिंदु और प्रतिशत परिवर्तन अलग होते हैं।
