With no saving households spend their whole income on consumption. In exams treat this as an assumption of the simple circular flow.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. उपभोग व्यय / Consumption expenditure. With no saving households spend their whole income on consumption. In exams treat this as an assumption of the simple circular flow.
Step 3
Exam Tip
बचत न होने पर परिवार अपनी पूरी आय उपभोग पर खर्च करते हैं। परीक्षा में इसे सरल आय चक्र की मान्यता समझें।
Firms use factor services received from households in production. In exams remember factor services move from households to firms.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. फर्मों के उत्पादन में / Production of firms. Firms use factor services received from households in production. In exams remember factor services move from households to firms.
Step 3
Exam Tip
फर्म परिवारों से मिली कारक सेवाओं का उपयोग उत्पादन में करती हैं। परीक्षा में कारक सेवा को परिवार से फर्म की ओर याद रखें।
Factor payment becomes income of households. It includes wages rent interest and profit.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. परिवारों की आय / Income of households. Factor payment becomes income of households. It includes wages rent interest and profit.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कारक भुगतान परिवारों की आय बनता है। इसमें मजदूरी किराया ब्याज और लाभ शामिल होते हैं।
Supply of land service is real flow because it is a factor service. Payment made in money is called money flow.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. भूमि सेवा की आपूर्ति / Supply of land service. Supply of land service is real flow because it is a factor service. Payment made in money is called money flow.
Step 3
Exam Tip
भूमि सेवा की आपूर्ति वास्तविक प्रवाह है क्योंकि यह कारक सेवा है। मुद्रा में किया गया भुगतान मौद्रिक प्रवाह कहलाता है।
C. क्योंकि परिवार फर्मों की वस्तुएं खरीदते हैं/Because households buy goods from firms
Step 1
Concept
Households pay firms when they buy goods and services. This payment becomes sales revenue of firms.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. क्योंकि परिवार फर्मों की वस्तुएं खरीदते हैं / Because households buy goods from firms. Households pay firms when they buy goods and services. This payment becomes sales revenue of firms.
Step 3
Exam Tip
परिवार वस्तुएं और सेवाएं खरीदने पर फर्मों को भुगतान करते हैं। यही भुगतान फर्मों की बिक्री आय बनता है।
B. क्योंकि वे भूमि श्रम पूंजी और उद्यम देते हैं/Because they provide land labour capital and enterprise
Step 1
Concept
Households provide the services of factors of production to firms. Therefore they are called factor owners.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. क्योंकि वे भूमि श्रम पूंजी और उद्यम देते हैं / Because they provide land labour capital and enterprise. Households provide the services of factors of production to firms. Therefore they are called factor owners.
Step 3
Exam Tip
परिवार उत्पादन के कारकों की सेवाएं फर्मों को देते हैं। इसलिए उन्हें कारक स्वामी कहा जाता है।
A. क्योंकि वे वस्तुएं और सेवाएं बनाती हैं/Because they produce goods and services
Step 1
Concept
Firms produce by using factor services. In exams remember firms as producers and households as consumers.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि वे वस्तुएं और सेवाएं बनाती हैं / Because they produce goods and services. Firms produce by using factor services. In exams remember firms as producers and households as consumers.
Step 3
Exam Tip
फर्म कारक सेवाओं का उपयोग करके उत्पादन करती हैं। परीक्षा में फर्म को उत्पादक और परिवार को उपभोक्ता याद रखें।
A. क्योंकि विदेशी क्षेत्र अनुपस्थित होता है/Because the foreign sector is absent
Step 1
Concept
A closed economy does not consider transactions with the foreign sector. Therefore imports and exports are excluded.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि विदेशी क्षेत्र अनुपस्थित होता है / Because the foreign sector is absent. A closed economy does not consider transactions with the foreign sector. Therefore imports and exports are excluded.
Step 3
Exam Tip
बंद अर्थव्यवस्था में विदेशी क्षेत्र से लेन-देन नहीं माना जाता। इसलिए आयात और निर्यात बाहर रखे जाते हैं।
B. क्योंकि सरकार इस मॉडल में शामिल नहीं होती/Because government is not included in this model
Step 1
Concept
The two-sector model includes only households and firms. Therefore government expenditure and taxes are not shown.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. क्योंकि सरकार इस मॉडल में शामिल नहीं होती / Because government is not included in this model. The two-sector model includes only households and firms. Therefore government expenditure and taxes are not shown.
Step 3
Exam Tip
दो-क्षेत्रीय मॉडल में केवल परिवार और फर्म लिए जाते हैं। इसलिए सरकारी व्यय और कर नहीं दिखाए जाते।
A. कारक सेवाओं की खरीदार/Buyers of factor services
Step 1
Concept
Firms buy factor services for production. This is the simple rule of the factor market.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कारक सेवाओं की खरीदार / Buyers of factor services. Firms buy factor services for production. This is the simple rule of the factor market.
Step 3
Exam Tip
फर्म उत्पादन के लिए कारक सेवाएं खरीदती हैं। यह कारक बाजार का सरल नियम है।
A. परिवारों के उपभोग व्यय से/From household consumption expenditure
Step 1
Concept
Households pay firms while buying goods. This payment becomes sales revenue of firms.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. परिवारों के उपभोग व्यय से / From household consumption expenditure. Households pay firms while buying goods. This payment becomes sales revenue of firms.
Step 3
Exam Tip
परिवार वस्तुएं खरीदते समय फर्मों को भुगतान करते हैं। यही भुगतान फर्मों की बिक्री आय बनता है।
A. क्योंकि परिवार आय खर्च करते हैं और फर्म भुगतान करती हैं/Because households spend income and firms make payments
Step 1
Concept
Household spending becomes income of firms and firm payments become income of households. This relation keeps the flow continuing.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि परिवार आय खर्च करते हैं और फर्म भुगतान करती हैं / Because households spend income and firms make payments. Household spending becomes income of firms and firm payments become income of households. This relation keeps the flow continuing.
Step 3
Exam Tip
परिवारों का खर्च फर्मों की आय बनता है और फर्मों का भुगतान परिवारों की आय बनता है। इस संबंध से चक्र जारी रहता है।
When demand for factor services rises factor payments may rise. This affects household factor income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कारक आय / Factor income. When demand for factor services rises factor payments may rise. This affects household factor income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कारक सेवाओं की मांग बढ़ने पर कारक भुगतान बढ़ सकते हैं। इससे परिवारों की कारक आय प्रभावित होती है।
Firms output satisfies consumption demand of households. Therefore households are the final buyers.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. परिवारों के लिए / For households. Firms output satisfies consumption demand of households. Therefore households are the final buyers.
Step 3
Exam Tip
फर्मों का उत्पादन परिवारों की उपभोग मांग को पूरा करता है। इसलिए परिवार अंतिम खरीदार होते हैं।
Money flow shows income expenditure payments and receipts in money form. It moves opposite to real flow.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. भुगतान और प्राप्ति / Payments and receipts. Money flow shows income expenditure payments and receipts in money form. It moves opposite to real flow.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मौद्रिक प्रवाह आय व्यय भुगतान और प्राप्ति को मुद्रा में दिखाता है। यह वास्तविक प्रवाह के उलट चलता है।
When saving is higher spending may fall. This creates pressure of lower demand in the income flow.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मांग घटने का दबाव / Pressure of falling demand. When saving is higher spending may fall. This creates pressure of lower demand in the income flow.
Step 3
Exam Tip
बचत अधिक होने पर खर्च कम हो सकता है। इससे आय चक्र में मांग घटने का दबाव बनता है।
Saving is leakage and investment is injection. When both are equal income flow can remain stable.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. रिसाव और इंजेक्शन / Leakage and injection. Saving is leakage and investment is injection. When both are equal income flow can remain stable.
Step 3
Exam Tip
बचत रिसाव है और निवेश इंजेक्शन है। दोनों बराबर होने पर आय प्रवाह स्थिर रह सकता है।
Households buy goods and services from the product market. This shows their consumption demand.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. उत्पाद बाजार / Product market. Households buy goods and services from the product market. This shows their consumption demand.
Step 3
Exam Tip
परिवार उत्पाद बाजार से वस्तुएं और सेवाएं खरीदते हैं। यह उनकी उपभोग मांग को दिखाता है।
Rent is received by households for land service. Therefore it is factor income of households.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. परिवारों के लिए / For households. Rent is received by households for land service. Therefore it is factor income of households.
Step 3
Exam Tip
किराया परिवारों को भूमि सेवा के बदले मिलता है। इसलिए यह परिवारों की कारक आय है।
Government is not a part of the two-sector model. Therefore tax collection is not included in this model.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. सरकार कर वसूलती है / Government collects taxes. Government is not a part of the two-sector model. Therefore tax collection is not included in this model.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सरकार दो-क्षेत्रीय मॉडल का भाग नहीं होती। इसलिए कर वसूली इस मॉडल में शामिल नहीं है।
A. वस्तुओं और सेवाओं की खरीद बिक्री/Buying and selling of goods and services
Step 1
Concept
The product market deals with buying and selling of goods and services. Firms are sellers and households are buyers here.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वस्तुओं और सेवाओं की खरीद बिक्री / Buying and selling of goods and services. The product market deals with buying and selling of goods and services. Firms are sellers and households are buyers here.
Step 3
Exam Tip
उत्पाद बाजार में वस्तुओं और सेवाओं की खरीद बिक्री होती है। यहां फर्म विक्रेता और परिवार खरीदार होते हैं।
B. उत्पादन कारकों की सेवाओं से/Services of factors of production
Step 1
Concept
The factor market deals with services of factors of production. Firms are buyers and households are sellers.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. उत्पादन कारकों की सेवाओं से / Services of factors of production. The factor market deals with services of factors of production. Firms are buyers and households are sellers.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कारक बाजार में उत्पादन कारकों की सेवाओं का लेन-देन होता है। फर्म खरीदार और परिवार विक्रेता होते हैं।
A. परिवारों का व्यय फर्मों की आय बनता है/Household expenditure becomes firms income
Step 1
Concept
When households buy goods firms receive income. This is the money relation of the income flow.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. परिवारों का व्यय फर्मों की आय बनता है / Household expenditure becomes firms income. When households buy goods firms receive income. This is the money relation of the income flow.
Step 3
Exam Tip
परिवार वस्तुएं खरीदते हैं तो फर्मों को आय मिलती है। यही आय चक्र का मौद्रिक संबंध है।
A. फर्मों का कारक भुगतान परिवारों की आय बनता है/Firms factor payment becomes household income
Step 1
Concept
Firms pay for factor services and the same becomes household income. This is money flow in the factor market.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. फर्मों का कारक भुगतान परिवारों की आय बनता है / Firms factor payment becomes household income. Firms pay for factor services and the same becomes household income. This is money flow in the factor market.
Step 3
Exam Tip
फर्म कारक सेवाओं के लिए भुगतान करती हैं और वही परिवारों की आय बनता है। यह कारक बाजार का मौद्रिक प्रवाह है।
A. कारक सेवाएं और वस्तुएं/Factor services and goods
Step 1
Concept
Factor services and goods come under real flow. Wages and consumption expenditure are money flow.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कारक सेवाएं और वस्तुएं / Factor services and goods. Factor services and goods come under real flow. Wages and consumption expenditure are money flow.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कारक सेवाएं और वस्तुएं वास्तविक प्रवाह में आती हैं। मजदूरी और उपभोग व्यय मौद्रिक प्रवाह हैं।
B. मजदूरी और उपभोग व्यय/Wages and consumption expenditure
Step 1
Concept
Wages and consumption expenditure are payments in money. Therefore both are examples of money flow.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. मजदूरी और उपभोग व्यय / Wages and consumption expenditure. Wages and consumption expenditure are payments in money. Therefore both are examples of money flow.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मजदूरी और उपभोग व्यय मुद्रा में भुगतान हैं। इसलिए दोनों मौद्रिक प्रवाह के उदाहरण हैं।
The simple two-sector model does not add the central bank as a separate sector. It mainly focuses on households and firms.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. केंद्रीय बैंक / Central bank. The simple two-sector model does not add the central bank as a separate sector. It mainly focuses on households and firms.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सरल दो-क्षेत्रीय मॉडल में केंद्रीय बैंक को अलग क्षेत्र के रूप में नहीं जोड़ा जाता। इसमें मुख्य ध्यान परिवार और फर्म पर होता है।
A. उत्पादन आय और व्यय का संबंध/Relation of production income and expenditure
Step 1
Concept
The two-sector model explains the circular relation of production income and expenditure. This gives the basic understanding of national income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उत्पादन आय और व्यय का संबंध / Relation of production income and expenditure. The two-sector model explains the circular relation of production income and expenditure. This gives the basic understanding of national income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
दो-क्षेत्रीय मॉडल उत्पादन आय और व्यय के चक्रीय संबंध को समझाता है। यही राष्ट्रीय आय की मूल समझ देता है।
A. फर्मों द्वारा कारक सेवाएं लेना/Firms taking factor services
Step 1
Concept
Firms start production by taking factor services. Therefore factor services are the base of production.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. फर्मों द्वारा कारक सेवाएं लेना / Firms taking factor services. Firms start production by taking factor services. Therefore factor services are the base of production.
Step 3
Exam Tip
फर्म कारक सेवाएं लेकर उत्पादन शुरू करती हैं। इसलिए कारक सेवाएं उत्पादन का आधार हैं।
A. परिवारों द्वारा वस्तुओं और सेवाओं की मांग/Demand for goods and services by households
Step 1
Concept
Households demand goods and services to satisfy their needs. This shows the consumption process in the product market.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. परिवारों द्वारा वस्तुओं और सेवाओं की मांग / Demand for goods and services by households. Households demand goods and services to satisfy their needs. This shows the consumption process in the product market.
Step 3
Exam Tip
परिवार अपनी जरूरत पूरी करने के लिए वस्तुओं और सेवाओं की मांग करते हैं। इससे उत्पाद बाजार में उपभोग प्रक्रिया दिखती है।
Factor services move in real form from households to firms. Firms make money payment in return.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कारक सेवाएं / Factor services. Factor services move in real form from households to firms. Firms make money payment in return.
Step 3
Exam Tip
परिवारों से फर्मों को कारक सेवाएं वास्तविक रूप में जाती हैं। इनके बदले फर्म मुद्रा में भुगतान करती हैं।
Firms produce and households consume. This is the main economic base of the two-sector model.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उत्पादन और उपभोग / Production and consumption. Firms produce and households consume. This is the main economic base of the two-sector model.
Step 3
Exam Tip
फर्म उत्पादन करती हैं और परिवार उपभोग करते हैं। यही दो-क्षेत्रीय मॉडल की मुख्य आर्थिक धुरी है।
A. परिवारों और फर्मों के बीच आय व्यय और उत्पादन का संबंध/Relation of income expenditure and production between households and firms
Step 1
Concept
This model explains real and money flows between households and firms in a simple way. In exams remember both diagram and direction.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. परिवारों और फर्मों के बीच आय व्यय और उत्पादन का संबंध / Relation of income expenditure and production between households and firms. This model explains real and money flows between households and firms in a simple way. In exams remember both diagram and direction.
Step 3
Exam Tip
यह मॉडल परिवारों और फर्मों के बीच वास्तविक और मौद्रिक प्रवाह को सरल रूप में समझाता है। परीक्षा में चित्र और दिशा दोनों याद रखें।
