The price decline \(=\frac{240-320}{320}\times100=-25\) percent. A fall of 80 index points equals a 25 percent decline.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 25 प्रतिशत / 25 percent. The price decline \(=\frac{240-320}{320}\times100=-25\) percent. A fall of 80 index points equals a 25 percent decline.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मूल्य गिरावट \(=\frac{240-320}{320}\times100=-25\) प्रतिशत है। 80 सूचकांक अंकों की कमी 25 प्रतिशत गिरावट है।
Real change \(=\frac{0.96}{0.80}-1=0.20\) or a 20 percent rise. The price decline exceeds the nominal decline.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 20 प्रतिशत वृद्धि / 20 percent rise. Real change \(=\frac{0.96}{0.80}-1=0.20\) or a 20 percent rise. The price decline exceeds the nominal decline.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वास्तविक परिवर्तन \(=\frac{0.96}{0.80}-1=0.20\) अर्थात 20 प्रतिशत वृद्धि है। मूल्य गिरावट नाममात्र गिरावट से अधिक है।
The price decline \(=\frac{204-240}{240}\times100=-15\) percent. A fall of 36 index points equals 15 percent.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 15 प्रतिशत / 15 percent. The price decline \(=\frac{204-240}{240}\times100=-15\) percent. A fall of 36 index points equals 15 percent.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मूल्य गिरावट \(=\frac{204-240}{240}\times100=-15\) प्रतिशत है। 36 सूचकांक अंकों की गिरावट 15 प्रतिशत है।
The decline in the price level \(=\frac{275-220}{275}\times100=20\) percent. The index falls by 55 points.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 20 प्रतिशत / 20 percent. The decline in the price level \(=\frac{275-220}{275}\times100=20\) percent. The index falls by 55 points.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मूल्य स्तर की कमी \(=\frac{275-220}{275}\times100=20\) प्रतिशत है। सूचकांक 55 बिंदु घटा है।
The decline in the price level \(=\frac{225-180}{225}\times100=20\) percent. Keep the initial index in the denominator.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 20 प्रतिशत / 20 percent. The decline in the price level \(=\frac{225-180}{225}\times100=20\) percent. Keep the initial index in the denominator.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मूल्य स्तर की कमी \(=\frac{225-180}{225}\times100=20\) प्रतिशत है। प्रारंभिक सूचकांक को हर में रखें।
D. इसकी दिशा दोनों परिवर्तनों के अनुपात पर निर्भर करेगी/Its direction depends on the relative size of both changes
Step 1
Concept
Higher quantity raises nominal value while lower prices reduce it. Therefore the final outcome depends on the size of both effects.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. इसकी दिशा दोनों परिवर्तनों के अनुपात पर निर्भर करेगी / Its direction depends on the relative size of both changes. Higher quantity raises nominal value while lower prices reduce it. Therefore the final outcome depends on the size of both effects.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मात्रा वृद्धि नाममात्र मूल्य बढ़ाती है जबकि मूल्य गिरावट उसे घटाती है। इसलिए अंतिम परिणाम दोनों प्रभावों के आकार पर निर्भर करता है।
Real change \(=\frac{0.84}{0.70}-1=0.20\) or a 20 percent rise. The price decline is larger than the nominal decline.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 20 प्रतिशत वृद्धि / 20 percent rise. Real change \(=\frac{0.84}{0.70}-1=0.20\) or a 20 percent rise. The price decline is larger than the nominal decline.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वास्तविक परिवर्तन \(=\frac{0.84}{0.70}-1=0.20\) अर्थात 20 प्रतिशत वृद्धि है। मूल्य गिरावट नाममात्र गिरावट से अधिक है।
Nominal change \(=1.18\times0.85-1=0.003\) or about a 0.3 percent rise. The two effects nearly offset each other.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. लगभग 0.3 प्रतिशत वृद्धि / About 0.3 percent rise. Nominal change \(=1.18\times0.85-1=0.003\) or about a 0.3 percent rise. The two effects nearly offset each other.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नाममात्र परिवर्तन \(=1.18\times0.85-1=0.003\) अर्थात लगभग 0.3 प्रतिशत वृद्धि है। दोनों प्रभाव लगभग एक-दूसरे को संतुलित करते हैं।
The price decline \(=\frac{200-250}{250}\times100=-20\) percent. A fall of 50 index points equals 20 percent.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 20 प्रतिशत / 20 percent. The price decline \(=\frac{200-250}{250}\times100=-20\) percent. A fall of 50 index points equals 20 percent.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मूल्य गिरावट \(=\frac{200-250}{250}\times100=-20\) प्रतिशत है। 50 सूचकांक अंकों की कमी 20 प्रतिशत है।
B. लगभग 19.3 प्रतिशत वृद्धि/About 19.3 percent rise
Step 1
Concept
Real change \(=\frac{1.05}{0.88}-1\approx19.3\) percent. Adjust nominal growth by the lower price level.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. लगभग 19.3 प्रतिशत वृद्धि / About 19.3 percent rise. Real change \(=\frac{1.05}{0.88}-1\approx19.3\) percent. Adjust nominal growth by the lower price level.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वास्तविक परिवर्तन \(=\frac{1.05}{0.88}-1\approx19.3\) प्रतिशत है। नाममात्र वृद्धि को घटे हुए मूल्य स्तर से समायोजित करें।
The price decline \(=\frac{180-225}{225}\times100=-20\) percent. A fall of 45 index points equals a 20 percent decline.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 20 प्रतिशत / 20 percent. The price decline \(=\frac{180-225}{225}\times100=-20\) percent. A fall of 45 index points equals a 20 percent decline.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मूल्य गिरावट \(=\frac{180-225}{225}\times100=-20\) प्रतिशत है। 45 सूचकांक अंकों की कमी 20 प्रतिशत गिरावट है।
The decline in the price level \(=\frac{240-180}{240}\times100=25\) percent. A 60-point fall equals a 25 percent decline.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 25 प्रतिशत / 25 percent. The decline in the price level \(=\frac{240-180}{240}\times100=25\) percent. A 60-point fall equals a 25 percent decline.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मूल्य स्तर की कमी \(=\frac{240-180}{240}\times100=25\) प्रतिशत है। 60 सूचकांक बिंदु की गिरावट 25 प्रतिशत कमी है।
The decline in the price level \(=\frac{175-147}{175}\times100=16\) percent. Use the initial value in the denominator.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. 16 प्रतिशत / 16 percent. The decline in the price level \(=\frac{175-147}{175}\times100=16\) percent. Use the initial value in the denominator.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मूल्य स्तर की कमी \(=\frac{175-147}{175}\times100=16\) प्रतिशत है। प्रारंभिक मान को हर में रखें।
A. उनका प्रत्यक्ष बाजार मूल्य और उत्पादन मात्रा स्पष्ट नहीं होती/Their direct market price and output quantity are not clearly observed
Step 1
Concept
Government non-market services are often valued at cost and their real quantity is difficult to measure. Separating price and volume effects is challenging.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उनका प्रत्यक्ष बाजार मूल्य और उत्पादन मात्रा स्पष्ट नहीं होती / Their direct market price and output quantity are not clearly observed. Government non-market services are often valued at cost and their real quantity is difficult to measure. Separating price and volume effects is challenging.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सरकारी गैर-बाजार सेवाएँ प्रायः लागत से मूल्यांकित होती हैं और उनकी वास्तविक मात्रा मापना कठिन होता है। इससे मूल्य और मात्रा प्रभाव अलग करना चुनौतीपूर्ण है।
Real change \(=\frac{0.90}{0.80}-1=0.125\) or a 12.5 percent rise. The price decline exceeds the nominal decline.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 12.5 प्रतिशत वृद्धि / 12.5 percent rise. Real change \(=\frac{0.90}{0.80}-1=0.125\) or a 12.5 percent rise. The price decline exceeds the nominal decline.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वास्तविक परिवर्तन \(=\frac{0.90}{0.80}-1=0.125\) अर्थात 12.5 प्रतिशत वृद्धि है। मूल्य गिरावट नाममात्र गिरावट से अधिक है।
Nominal change \(=1.12\times0.92-1=0.0304\) or about a 3 percent rise. Combine both effects multiplicatively.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. लगभग 3 प्रतिशत वृद्धि / About 3 percent rise. Nominal change \(=1.12\times0.92-1=0.0304\) or about a 3 percent rise. Combine both effects multiplicatively.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नाममात्र परिवर्तन \(=1.12\times0.92-1=0.0304\) अर्थात लगभग 3 प्रतिशत वृद्धि है। दोनों प्रभावों को गुणन से जोड़ें।
The total factor is \(0.70\times1.30=0.91\). Therefore the final price level is 9 percent lower.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 9 प्रतिशत गिरावट / 9 percent fall. The total factor is \(0.70\times1.30=0.91\). Therefore the final price level is 9 percent lower.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कुल गुणक \(=0.70\times1.30=0.91\) है। इसलिए अंतिम मूल्य स्तर 9 प्रतिशत कम होगा।
The price change \(=\frac{150-200}{200}\times100=-25\) percent. A fall of 50 index points equals a 25 percent decline.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 25 प्रतिशत / 25 percent. The price change \(=\frac{150-200}{200}\times100=-25\) percent. A fall of 50 index points equals a 25 percent decline.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मूल्य परिवर्तन \(=\frac{150-200}{200}\times100=-25\) प्रतिशत है। 50 सूचकांक अंकों की गिरावट 25 प्रतिशत गिरावट है।
With real output unchanged the nominal decline fully reflects a lower price level. Therefore the deflator falls by 18 percent.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 18 प्रतिशत घटेगा / It will fall by 18 percent. With real output unchanged the nominal decline fully reflects a lower price level. Therefore the deflator falls by 18 percent.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वास्तविक उत्पादन स्थिर होने पर नाममात्र गिरावट पूरी तरह मूल्य स्तर की गिरावट दर्शाती है। इसलिए अपस्फीतिकारक 18 प्रतिशत घटेगा।
The price change \(=\frac{153-180}{180}\times100=-15\) percent. A negative result indicates deflation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. 15 प्रतिशत गिरावट / 15 percent fall. The price change \(=\frac{153-180}{180}\times100=-15\) percent. A negative result indicates deflation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मूल्य परिवर्तन \(=\frac{153-180}{180}\times100=-15\) प्रतिशत है। ऋणात्मक परिणाम अपस्फीति दर्शाता है।
The decline in the price level \(=\frac{200-150}{200}\times100=25\) percent. The index falls by 50 points.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 25 प्रतिशत / 25 percent. The decline in the price level \(=\frac{200-150}{200}\times100=25\) percent. The index falls by 50 points.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मूल्य स्तर की कमी \(=\frac{200-150}{200}\times100=25\) प्रतिशत है। सूचकांक 50 बिंदु घटा है।
The decline in the price level \(=\frac{160-136}{160}\times100=15\) percent. Use the initial index in the denominator.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. 15 प्रतिशत / 15 percent. The decline in the price level \(=\frac{160-136}{160}\times100=15\) percent. Use the initial index in the denominator.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मूल्य स्तर की कमी \(=\frac{160-136}{160}\times100=15\) प्रतिशत है। प्रारंभिक सूचकांक को हर में रखें।
The deflator change \(=\frac{0.90}{0.96}-1\approx-6.3\) percent. Take the ratio of nominal and real growth factors.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. लगभग 6.3 प्रतिशत गिरावट / About 6.3 percent fall. The deflator change \(=\frac{0.90}{0.96}-1\approx-6.3\) percent. Take the ratio of nominal and real growth factors.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकारक का परिवर्तन \(=\frac{0.90}{0.96}-1\approx-6.3\) प्रतिशत है। नाममात्र और वास्तविक परिवर्तन के गुणकों का अनुपात लें।
The deflator factor is \(=\frac{1}{1.25}=0.80\). Therefore it falls by 20 percent.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 20 प्रतिशत घटेगा / It will fall by 20 percent. The deflator factor is \(=\frac{1}{1.25}=0.80\). Therefore it falls by 20 percent.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपस्फीतिकारक का गुणक \(=\frac{1}{1.25}=0.80\) है। इसलिए इसमें 20 प्रतिशत गिरावट होगी।
Price change \(=\frac{1.09}{1.12}-1\approx-2.7\) percent. Deflation is possible when real growth is higher.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. लगभग 2.7 प्रतिशत गिरावट / About 2.7 percent fall. Price change \(=\frac{1.09}{1.12}-1\approx-2.7\) percent. Deflation is possible when real growth is higher.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मूल्य परिवर्तन \(=\frac{1.09}{1.12}-1\approx-2.7\) प्रतिशत है। वास्तविक वृद्धि अधिक होने पर अपस्फीति संभव है।
The price change \(=\frac{138-150}{150}\times100=-8\) percent. The negative sign indicates a fall in the price level.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. 8 प्रतिशत गिरावट / 8 percent fall. The price change \(=\frac{138-150}{150}\times100=-8\) percent. The negative sign indicates a fall in the price level.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मूल्य परिवर्तन \(=\frac{138-150}{150}\times100=-8\) प्रतिशत है। ऋणात्मक संकेत मूल्य स्तर में गिरावट दर्शाता है।
