NNP is Net National Product so it is a net national measure. In exams pay attention to both net and national words.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शुद्ध राष्ट्रीय माप / Net national measure. NNP is Net National Product so it is a net national measure. In exams pay attention to both net and national words.
Step 3
Exam Tip
एनएनपी शुद्ध राष्ट्रीय उत्पाद है इसलिए यह net national measure है। परीक्षा में net और national दोनों शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।
NNP is obtained by subtracting depreciation from GNP. In exams understand depreciation as wear and tear of fixed capital.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. मूल्यह्रास / Depreciation. NNP is obtained by subtracting depreciation from GNP. In exams understand depreciation as wear and tear of fixed capital.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNP से मूल्यह्रास घटाने पर NNP मिलता है। परीक्षा में मूल्यह्रास को fixed capital का घिसाव समझें।
The correct formula is (NNP = GNP - Depreciation). In exams subtract depreciation while moving from gross to net.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. (NNP = GNP - Depreciation). The correct formula is (NNP = GNP - Depreciation). In exams subtract depreciation while moving from gross to net.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP का सही सूत्र (NNP = GNP - Depreciation) है। परीक्षा में gross से net जाते समय depreciation घटाएं।
A. मूल्यह्रास घटाने के बाद की राशि/Amount after deducting depreciation
Step 1
Concept
Net means the amount after deducting depreciation. In exams distinguish net product from gross product.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास घटाने के बाद की राशि / Amount after deducting depreciation. Net means the amount after deducting depreciation. In exams distinguish net product from gross product.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Net का अर्थ depreciation घटाने के बाद की राशि है। परीक्षा में net product को gross से अलग पहचानें।
The word national is connected with normal residents. In exams keep national and domestic concepts separate.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. सामान्य निवासी / Normal residents. The word national is connected with normal residents. In exams keep national and domestic concepts separate.
Step 3
Exam Tip
National शब्द सामान्य निवासियों से जुड़ा होता है। परीक्षा में national और domestic concepts को अलग रखें।
NNP measures net national output during one accounting year. In exams treat income aggregates as period-based flows.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. एक लेखा वर्ष / One accounting year. NNP measures net national output during one accounting year. In exams treat income aggregates as period-based flows.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP एक लेखा वर्ष में हुए शुद्ध राष्ट्रीय उत्पादन को मापता है। परीक्षा में income aggregates को period based flow समझें।
NNP is a flow variable because it is measured over a time period. In exams treat income and output as flows.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. प्रवाह चर / Flow variable. NNP is a flow variable because it is measured over a time period. In exams treat income and output as flows.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP प्रवाह चर है क्योंकि यह समय अवधि में मापा जाता है। परीक्षा में आय और उत्पादन को flow मानें।
Depreciation is also called consumption of fixed capital. In exams identify both terms in the same context.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. स्थिर पूंजी उपभोग / Consumption of fixed capital. Depreciation is also called consumption of fixed capital. In exams identify both terms in the same context.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मूल्यह्रास को स्थिर पूंजी उपभोग भी कहा जाता है। परीक्षा में दोनों शब्दों को समान संदर्भ में पहचानें।
A. बाजार कीमत पर शुद्ध राष्ट्रीय उत्पाद/Net National Product at Market Price
Step 1
Concept
NNPMP means NNP at market price. In exams understand MP as market price.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. बाजार कीमत पर शुद्ध राष्ट्रीय उत्पाद / Net National Product at Market Price. NNPMP means NNP at market price. In exams understand MP as market price.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNPMP का अर्थ market price पर NNP होता है। परीक्षा में MP को market price समझें।
Net indirect taxes are subtracted from NNPMP to get NNPFC. Remember \(NNP_{FC} = NNP_{MP} - NIT\) in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर / Net indirect taxes. Net indirect taxes are subtracted from NNPMP to get NNPFC. Remember \(NNP_{FC} = NNP_{MP} - NIT\) in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNPFC पाने के लिए NNPMP से शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर घटाए जाते हैं। परीक्षा में \(NNP_{FC} = NNP_{MP} - NIT\) याद रखें।
A. अप्रत्यक्ष कर - सब्सिडी/Indirect taxes - Subsidies
Step 1
Concept
Net indirect taxes are indirect taxes minus subsidies. In exams do not forget to subtract subsidies.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अप्रत्यक्ष कर - सब्सिडी / Indirect taxes - Subsidies. Net indirect taxes are indirect taxes minus subsidies. In exams do not forget to subtract subsidies.
Step 3
Exam Tip
शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर indirect taxes minus subsidies होते हैं। परीक्षा में subsidy को घटाना न भूलें।
B. विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय/Net factor income from abroad
Step 1
Concept
NNP is obtained by adding NFIA to NDP. In exams apply NFIA when moving from domestic to national.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय / Net factor income from abroad. NNP is obtained by adding NFIA to NDP. In exams apply NFIA when moving from domestic to national.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NDP में NFIA जोड़ने पर NNP मिलता है। परीक्षा में domestic से national जाने के लिए NFIA लगाएं।
NFIA means Net Factor Income from Abroad. In exams it is important to identify it in national aggregates.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. Net Factor Income from Abroad. NFIA means Net Factor Income from Abroad. In exams it is important to identify it in national aggregates.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NFIA का अर्थ विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय है। परीक्षा में इसे national aggregates में पहचानना जरूरी है।
Adding negative NFIA reduces NNP. In exams treat negative NFIA like subtraction.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NNP NDP से कम होगा / NNP will be less than NDP. Adding negative NFIA reduces NNP. In exams treat negative NFIA like subtraction.
Step 3
Exam Tip
ऋणात्मक NFIA जोड़ने पर NNP कम हो जाता है। परीक्षा में negative NFIA को घटाने जैसा मानें।
To derive NNP from GDP add NFIA and subtract depreciation. In exams remember national and net adjustments together.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. (NNP = GDP + NFIA - Depreciation). To derive NNP from GDP add NFIA and subtract depreciation. In exams remember national and net adjustments together.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP से NNP के लिए NFIA जोड़कर depreciation घटाते हैं। परीक्षा में national और net adjustments साथ याद रखें।
B. विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय/Net factor income from abroad
Step 1
Concept
NNP is a national concept and NDP is a domestic concept so the difference comes from NFIA. Link domestic-national conversion with NFIA in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय / Net factor income from abroad. NNP is a national concept and NDP is a domestic concept so the difference comes from NFIA. Link domestic-national conversion with NFIA in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP राष्ट्रीय और NDP घरेलू अवधारणा है इसलिए अंतर NFIA से आता है। परीक्षा में domestic-national conversion को NFIA से जोड़ें।
Including final goods avoids double counting. In exams identify intermediate goods separately.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दोहरे गणना से बचना / To avoid double counting. Including final goods avoids double counting. In exams identify intermediate goods separately.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अंतिम वस्तुओं को शामिल करने से double counting नहीं होती। परीक्षा में intermediate goods को अलग पहचानें।
B. वे अंतिम वस्तु के मूल्य में शामिल हो जाती हैं/They are included in the value of final goods
Step 1
Concept
The value of intermediate goods is included in final goods. In exams direct addition may cause double counting.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. वे अंतिम वस्तु के मूल्य में शामिल हो जाती हैं / They are included in the value of final goods. The value of intermediate goods is included in final goods. In exams direct addition may cause double counting.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मध्यवर्ती वस्तुओं का मूल्य अंतिम वस्तु में शामिल हो जाता है। परीक्षा में direct addition से double counting हो सकती है।
A. क्योंकि वह चालू वर्ष का उत्पादन नहीं है/Because it is not current year production
Step 1
Concept
An old machine was already counted when produced earlier. Do not include full value of second-hand goods in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि वह चालू वर्ष का उत्पादन नहीं है / Because it is not current year production. An old machine was already counted when produced earlier. Do not include full value of second-hand goods in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुरानी मशीन का उत्पादन पहले ही गिना जा चुका होता है। परीक्षा में second-hand goods का full value include न करें।
A. क्योंकि यह वर्तमान सेवा है/Because it is a current service
Step 1
Concept
Broker's commission is service income of the current year. In exams understand the difference between old good value and service charge.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह वर्तमान सेवा है / Because it is a current service. Broker's commission is service income of the current year. In exams understand the difference between old good value and service charge.
Step 3
Exam Tip
दलाल का कमीशन चालू वर्ष की सेवा आय है। परीक्षा में old good value और service charge का अंतर समझें।
A. क्योंकि उसका बाजार मूल्यांकन कठिन होता है/Because its market valuation is difficult
Step 1
Concept
Market valuation of household services for oneself is difficult. In exams treat non-market personal services as excluded.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि उसका बाजार मूल्यांकन कठिन होता है / Because its market valuation is difficult. Market valuation of household services for oneself is difficult. In exams treat non-market personal services as excluded.
Step 3
Exam Tip
स्वयं के लिए की गई घरेलू सेवाओं का बाजार मूल्यांकन कठिन होता है। परीक्षा में non-market personal services को exclude मानें।
C. वेतन पर ट्यूशन पढ़ाना/Teaching tuition for payment
Step 1
Concept
Paid tuition service is included in NNP. In exams include paid productive services.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. वेतन पर ट्यूशन पढ़ाना / Teaching tuition for payment. Paid tuition service is included in NNP. In exams include paid productive services.
Step 3
Exam Tip
भुगतान पर दी गई ट्यूशन सेवा NNP में शामिल होती है। परीक्षा में paid productive services को include करें।
B. चालू लेखा वर्ष में उत्पादित वस्तुएं और सेवाएं/Goods and services produced in the current accounting year
Step 1
Concept
Current production means production of the current accounting year. In exams separate old transactions from current output.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. चालू लेखा वर्ष में उत्पादित वस्तुएं और सेवाएं / Goods and services produced in the current accounting year. Current production means production of the current accounting year. In exams separate old transactions from current output.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Current production का अर्थ चालू लेखा वर्ष का उत्पादन है। परीक्षा में पुराने लेन-देन को current output से अलग रखें।
A. क्योंकि यह वर्तमान वस्तु या सेवा उत्पादन नहीं है/Because it is not current goods or services production
Step 1
Concept
Transactions of old shares do not create current production. In exams distinguish financial transfers from production.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह वर्तमान वस्तु या सेवा उत्पादन नहीं है / Because it is not current goods or services production. Transactions of old shares do not create current production. In exams distinguish financial transfers from production.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुराने शेयरों का लेन-देन current production नहीं बनाता। परीक्षा में financial transfers और production में अंतर करें।
A. क्योंकि इनके बदले चालू उत्पादन सेवा नहीं मिलती/Because no current productive service is received in return
Step 1
Concept
Transfer payments do not involve current production in return. In exams separate payments like pensions and gifts from factor income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि इनके बदले चालू उत्पादन सेवा नहीं मिलती / Because no current productive service is received in return. Transfer payments do not involve current production in return. In exams separate payments like pensions and gifts from factor income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Transfer payments के बदले current production नहीं होता। परीक्षा में pension gift जैसे payments को factor income से अलग रखें।
A. क्योंकि यह transfer payment है/Because it is a transfer payment
Step 1
Concept
Scholarship is a transfer payment and no productive service is received in return. Do not treat it as factor income in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह transfer payment है / Because it is a transfer payment. Scholarship is a transfer payment and no productive service is received in return. Do not treat it as factor income in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
छात्रवृत्ति transfer payment है और इसके बदले उत्पादन सेवा नहीं मिलती। परीक्षा में इसे factor income न मानें।
A. उत्पादन साधनों को मिलने वाली आय/Income received by factors of production
Step 1
Concept
Factor income is received by factors of production for their services. In exams treat wages rent interest and profit as factor income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उत्पादन साधनों को मिलने वाली आय / Income received by factors of production. Factor income is received by factors of production for their services. In exams treat wages rent interest and profit as factor income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Factor income उत्पादन साधनों को उनकी सेवाओं के बदले मिलती है। परीक्षा में wages rent interest profit को factor income मानें।
A. वेतन, किराया, ब्याज और लाभ/Wages, rent, interest and profit
Step 1
Concept
NNPFC shows the sum of factor incomes. Remember wages rent interest and profit as four main factor payments in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वेतन, किराया, ब्याज और लाभ / Wages, rent, interest and profit. NNPFC shows the sum of factor incomes. Remember wages rent interest and profit as four main factor payments in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNPFC factor incomes का योग दिखाता है। परीक्षा में wages rent interest profit को चार मुख्य factor payments याद रखें।
The difference between market price and factor cost comes from net indirect taxes. In exams subtract NIT when moving from MP to FC.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर / Net indirect taxes. The difference between market price and factor cost comes from net indirect taxes. In exams subtract NIT when moving from MP to FC.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Market price और factor cost का अंतर net indirect taxes से आता है। परीक्षा में MP से FC जाते समय NIT घटाएं।
A. NNPMP NNPFC से अधिक होगा/NNPMP will be greater than NNPFC
Step 1
Concept
When NIT is positive, market price is greater than factor cost. In exams treat indirect taxes greater than subsidies as positive NIT.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NNPMP NNPFC से अधिक होगा / NNPMP will be greater than NNPFC. When NIT is positive, market price is greater than factor cost. In exams treat indirect taxes greater than subsidies as positive NIT.
Step 3
Exam Tip
जब NIT धनात्मक होता है तो market price factor cost से अधिक होती है। परीक्षा में indirect taxes greater than subsidies को positive NIT मानें।
When subsidies are greater, net indirect taxes become negative. Apply (NIT = Indirect Tax - Subsidy) in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. ऋणात्मक / Negative. When subsidies are greater, net indirect taxes become negative. Apply (NIT = Indirect Tax - Subsidy) in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Subsidies अधिक होने पर net indirect taxes ऋणात्मक हो जाते हैं। परीक्षा में (NIT = Indirect Tax - Subsidy) लगाएं।
NNP shows the net national output of an economy. In exams treat it as a more refined measure than a gross measure.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शुद्ध राष्ट्रीय उत्पादन / Net national output. NNP shows the net national output of an economy. In exams treat it as a more refined measure than a gross measure.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP अर्थव्यवस्था का शुद्ध राष्ट्रीय उत्पादन दिखाता है। परीक्षा में इसे gross measure से अधिक refined measure समझें।
A. पूंजी के घिसाव के बाद शेष उत्पादन/Output left after wear and tear of capital
Step 1
Concept
Deducting depreciation indicates actual net output. In exams understand net output as value after capital wear.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. पूंजी के घिसाव के बाद शेष उत्पादन / Output left after wear and tear of capital. Deducting depreciation indicates actual net output. In exams understand net output as value after capital wear.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Depreciation घटाने से वास्तविक शुद्ध उत्पादन का संकेत मिलता है। परीक्षा में net output को capital wear के बाद की value समझें।
When moving from national to domestic, NFIA is subtracted. In exams remember that the sign changes in reverse conversion.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. NFIA घटाना / Subtract NFIA. When moving from national to domestic, NFIA is subtracted. In exams remember that the sign changes in reverse conversion.
Step 3
Exam Tip
National से domestic जाते समय NFIA घटाया जाता है। परीक्षा में reverse conversion में sign बदलना याद रखें।
A. जब depreciation धनात्मक हो/When depreciation is positive
Step 1
Concept
When depreciation is positive, NNP is less than GNP. In exams distinguish gross and net through depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब depreciation धनात्मक हो / When depreciation is positive. When depreciation is positive, NNP is less than GNP. In exams distinguish gross and net through depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
धनात्मक depreciation होने पर NNP GNP से कम होता है। परीक्षा में gross और net का अंतर depreciation से करें।
When GNP is constant, lower depreciation increases NNP. Use (NNP = GNP - Depreciation) to find the effect in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. NNP बढ़ेगा / NNP will increase. When GNP is constant, lower depreciation increases NNP. Use (NNP = GNP - Depreciation) to find the effect in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GNP समान रहने पर depreciation घटने से NNP बढ़ता है। परीक्षा में (NNP = GNP - Depreciation) से प्रभाव निकालें।
When NFIA is zero, national and domestic net product can be equal. In exams see the difference between NNP and NDP through NFIA.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब NFIA शून्य हो / When NFIA is zero. When NFIA is zero, national and domestic net product can be equal. In exams see the difference between NNP and NDP through NFIA.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NFIA शून्य होने पर national और domestic net product बराबर हो सकते हैं। परीक्षा में NNP और NDP का अंतर NFIA से देखें।
A. यह GNP से depreciation घटाकर मिलता है/It is obtained by subtracting depreciation from GNP
Step 1
Concept
The basic relation of NNP is GNP minus depreciation. Most simple exam questions are solved using this basis.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह GNP से depreciation घटाकर मिलता है / It is obtained by subtracting depreciation from GNP. The basic relation of NNP is GNP minus depreciation. Most simple exam questions are solved using this basis.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP का मूल संबंध GNP minus depreciation है। परीक्षा में इसी आधार पर अधिकांश सरल प्रश्न हल होते हैं।
Capital consumption allowance is considered similar to depreciation. Remember it as the component deducted from GNP in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास / Depreciation. Capital consumption allowance is considered similar to depreciation. Remember it as the component deducted from GNP in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Capital consumption allowance depreciation के समान माना जाता है। परीक्षा में इसे GNP से घटाए जाने वाले घटक के रूप में याद रखें।
A. Gross से net और domestic से national/Gross to net and domestic to national
Step 1
Concept
In NNP, depreciation is needed for gross to net and NFIA for domestic to national. Remember both adjustments separately in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Gross से net और domestic से national / Gross to net and domestic to national. In NNP, depreciation is needed for gross to net and NFIA for domestic to national. Remember both adjustments separately in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NNP में gross से net के लिए depreciation और domestic से national के लिए NFIA जरूरी है। परीक्षा में दोनों adjustments को अलग-अलग याद रखें।
Net indirect taxes (= 980 - 920 = 60) crore. In exams the difference between market price and factor cost is NIT.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ₹60 करोड़ / ₹60 crore. Net indirect taxes (= 980 - 920 = 60) crore. In exams the difference between market price and factor cost is NIT.
Step 3
Exam Tip
शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर (= 980 - 920 = 60) करोड़ होंगे। परीक्षा में market price और factor cost का अंतर NIT होता है।
