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Class 12 Business Studies - Planning - Planning process Expert Quiz

Topic Quiz • 150 questions • 25 seconds per question.

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एक कंपनी ने लक्ष्य रखा कि अगले वर्ष शिकायतों को घटाना है, लेकिन उसने मापने का कोई आधार नहीं बनाया। नियोजन प्रक्रिया में सबसे बड़ी कमी क्या है?

A company set a goal to reduce complaints next year, but did not create any basis for measurement. What is the biggest weakness in the planning process?

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B. उद्देश्य पर्याप्त मापनीय नहीं हैThe objective is not sufficiently measurable

Explanation

Simple Explanation

अच्छे उद्देश्य स्पष्ट और मापनीय होने चाहिए। परीक्षा में measurable objective को follow-up से जोड़ें। / Good objectives should be clear and measurable. In exams, connect measurable objective with follow-up.

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यदि प्रबंधक उद्देश्य तय करने से पहले विज्ञापन बजट और वितरण चैनल चुन लेते हैं तो क्रम में क्या गलती है?

If managers choose advertising budget and distribution channel before setting objectives, what is the mistake in sequence?

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D. उद्देश्य निर्धारण से पहले बाद के चरण शुरू कर दिए गएLater steps were started before setting objectives

Explanation

Simple Explanation

नियोजन उद्देश्य से शुरू होता है। परीक्षा में sequence questions में पहला चरण हमेशा ध्यान रखें। / Planning starts with objectives. In sequence questions, always note the first step.

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एक निर्यातक ने अगले वर्ष मांग, विनिमय दर और आयात नियमों पर अनुमान बनाए। यह नियोजन प्रक्रिया का कौन सा चरण है?

An exporter made estimates about next year's demand, exchange rate and import rules. Which step of the planning process is this?

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A. आधारभूत धारणाएँ विकसित करनाDeveloping premises

Explanation

Simple Explanation

भविष्य के बाहरी वातावरण के अनुमान premises होते हैं। परीक्षा में exchange rate और rules को premises clue मानें। / Estimates of the future external environment are premises. In exams, treat exchange rate and rules as premise clues.

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जब कई managers अलग-अलग future assumptions बनाते हैं, तो effective planning के लिए क्या जरूरी है?

When many managers make different future assumptions, what is necessary for effective planning?

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C. सामान्य और साझा planning premises बनानाCreate common and shared planning premises

Explanation

Simple Explanation

साझा premises से departments एक ही आधार पर planning करते हैं। परीक्षा में common premises को coordination से जोड़ें। / Shared premises help departments plan on the same base. In exams, connect common premises with coordination.

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यदि कंपनी केवल एक strategy पर अड़ी रहती है और कोई दूसरा route नहीं सोचती, तो कौन सा चरण कमजोर है?

If a company sticks to only one strategy and does not think of another route, which step is weak?

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D. वैकल्पिक कार्यवाहियों की पहचानIdentifying alternative courses of action

Explanation

Simple Explanation

अच्छी planning में कई संभावित रास्ते खोजे जाते हैं। परीक्षा में single route को weak alternatives stage मानें। / Good planning searches for many possible routes. In exams, treat a single route as a weak alternatives stage.

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एक retailer ने online sale, franchise model और pop-up store जैसे तीन रास्ते खोजे। यह किस चरण का उच्चस्तरीय उदाहरण है?

A retailer searched three routes such as online sale, franchise model and pop-up store. This is a high-level example of which step?

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A. वैकल्पिक कार्यवाहियों की पहचानIdentifying alternative courses of action

Explanation

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ये लक्ष्य पाने के अलग-अलग courses of action हैं। परीक्षा में options list को alternatives पहचानें। / These are different courses of action to achieve a goal. In exams, identify an option list as alternatives.

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यदि किसी विकल्प में तुरंत लाभ अधिक है पर brand image को नुकसान हो सकता है, तो evaluation में क्या देखना चाहिए?

If an alternative gives high immediate profit but may harm brand image, what should be checked in evaluation?

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C. वित्तीय और गैर-वित्तीय दोनों प्रभावBoth financial and non-financial effects

Explanation

Simple Explanation

मूल्यांकन में profit के साथ image, risk और feasibility भी देखे जाते हैं। परीक्षा में non-financial impact न भूलें। / Evaluation considers image, risk and feasibility along with profit. In exams, do not ignore non-financial impact.

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यदि दो विकल्पों में से एक risky है लेकिन long-term growth देता है, तो manager को किस चरण में गहन analysis करना चाहिए?

If one of two alternatives is risky but gives long-term growth, in which step should the manager do deep analysis?

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A. विकल्पों का मूल्यांकनEvaluating alternatives

Explanation

Simple Explanation

risk और long-term benefit की तुलना evaluation में होती है। परीक्षा में risky growth options को evaluation से जोड़ें। / Risk and long-term benefit are compared in evaluation. In exams, connect risky growth options with evaluation.

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Evaluation के बाद company ने एक single option के बजाय दो strategies का मिश्रण चुना। यह किस चरण में संभव है?

After evaluation, a company selected a mix of two strategies instead of one single option. In which step is this possible?

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C. सर्वश्रेष्ठ विकल्प के चयन मेंSelecting the best alternative

Explanation

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best alternative कभी-कभी combination भी हो सकता है। परीक्षा में selection को flexible final decision समझें। / The best alternative can sometimes be a combination. In exams, understand selection as a flexible final decision.

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यदि प्रबंधक evaluation report के बावजूद व्यक्तिगत पसंद से योजना चुनते हैं तो planning process में कौन सी समस्या है?

If managers select a plan based on personal preference despite an evaluation report, what problem exists in the planning process?

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A. selection objective analysis पर आधारित नहीं हैSelection is not based on objective analysis

Explanation

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selection evaluation के आधार पर होना चाहिए। परीक्षा में personal bias को कमजोर selection से जोड़ें। / Selection should be based on evaluation. In exams, connect personal bias with weak selection.

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चुनी गई strategy को budget, schedule और responsibility chart में बदलना किस चरण का संकेत है?

Converting the selected strategy into budget, schedule and responsibility chart indicates which step?

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B. योजना का क्रियान्वयनImplementing the plan

Explanation

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selected strategy को action details में बदलना implementation है। परीक्षा में budget और responsibility chart को action stage मानें। / Changing selected strategy into action details is implementation. In exams, treat budget and responsibility chart as action stage.

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यदि plan लागू करते समय जिम्मेदारी स्पष्ट नहीं है, तो सबसे पहले कौन सा implementation risk पैदा होगा?

If responsibility is not clear during plan implementation, what implementation risk will arise first?

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A. कार्य में भ्रम और accountability की कमीConfusion in work and lack of accountability

Explanation

Simple Explanation

role clarity के बिना action कमजोर होता है। परीक्षा में responsibility और authority को implementation से जोड़ें। / Action becomes weak without role clarity. In exams, connect responsibility and authority with implementation.

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योजना लागू करने के बाद actual cost और budgeted cost की तुलना किस चरण में होगी?

After implementing a plan, comparison of actual cost and budgeted cost will happen in which step?

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D. अनुवर्ती कार्रवाईFollow-up action

Explanation

Simple Explanation

actual और planned figures की तुलना follow-up में होती है। परीक्षा में cost variance को follow-up clue मानें। / Actual and planned figures are compared in follow-up. In exams, treat cost variance as a follow-up clue.

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यदि follow-up में पता चले कि original demand assumption गलत थी, तो सही managerial response क्या होगा?

If follow-up shows that the original demand assumption was wrong, what is the correct managerial response?

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A. योजना में आवश्यक correction और premises revision करनाMake necessary correction and revise premises

Explanation

Simple Explanation

गलत premises मिलने पर योजना सुधारनी चाहिए। परीक्षा में follow-up को feedback और revision से जोड़ें। / When wrong premises are found, the plan should be corrected. In exams, connect follow-up with feedback and revision.

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एक कंपनी ने objective तय किया, premises बनाए, alternatives खोजे और उनका evaluation किया। अगला step क्या होना चाहिए?

A company set objectives, developed premises, identified alternatives and evaluated them. What should be the next step?

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A. सर्वश्रेष्ठ विकल्प का चयनSelecting the best alternative

Explanation

Simple Explanation

evaluation के बाद best alternative चुना जाता है। परीक्षा में क्रम वाले प्रश्नों में evaluation के बाद selection लिखें। / After evaluation, the best alternative is selected. In sequence questions, write selection after evaluation.

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यदि manager selected alternative को action में बदलने से पहले ही results की समीक्षा करने लगे, तो क्रम में क्या गलती है?

If a manager starts reviewing results before converting the selected alternative into action, what is the sequence error?

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A. follow-up implementation से पहले किया जा रहा हैFollow-up is being done before implementation

Explanation

Simple Explanation

follow-up implementation के बाद होता है। परीक्षा में final review को action के बाद रखें। / Follow-up happens after implementation. In exams, place final review after action.

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किस चरण में assumptions को पूरे संगठन में communicate करना सबसे ज्यादा उपयोगी होता है?

In which step is communicating assumptions across the organisation most useful?

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B. आधारभूत धारणाएँ विकसित करनाDeveloping premises

Explanation

Simple Explanation

common premises सभी departments को समान आधार देते हैं। परीक्षा में premises communication को coordination से जोड़ें। / Common premises give the same base to all departments. In exams, connect premise communication with coordination.

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यदि उद्देश्य बहुत ambitious है और resources बहुत कम हैं, तो planning process में किस stage पर यह mismatch पकड़ा जाना चाहिए?

If the objective is very ambitious and resources are very limited, at which stage should this mismatch be identified?

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C. विकल्पों के मूल्यांकन मेंDuring evaluation of alternatives

Explanation

Simple Explanation

resources और feasibility evaluation में देखे जाते हैं। परीक्षा में mismatch को evaluation stage से जोड़ें। / Resources and feasibility are checked in evaluation. In exams, connect mismatch with evaluation stage.

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यदि objective तय करते समय market share, profit और service quality तीनों को संतुलित किया गया, तो यह क्यों बेहतर है?

If market share, profit and service quality are balanced while setting objectives, why is this better?

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A. क्योंकि balanced objectives later evaluation और follow-up को meaningful बनाते हैंBecause balanced objectives make later evaluation and follow-up meaningful

Explanation

Simple Explanation

संतुलित उद्देश्य narrow planning से बचाते हैं। परीक्षा में multiple performance standards को अच्छे objective से जोड़ें। / Balanced objectives avoid narrow planning. In exams, connect multiple performance standards with good objectives.

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यदि actual result target से बेहतर है, तब भी follow-up क्यों जरूरी है?

If actual result is better than target, why is follow-up still necessary?

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D. क्योंकि सफलता के कारण पहचानकर future planning बेहतर की जा सकती हैBecause causes of success can be identified to improve future planning

Explanation

Simple Explanation

follow-up केवल गलती ढूँढने के लिए नहीं है। परीक्षा में review को learning process भी मानें। / Follow-up is not only for finding mistakes. In exams, also treat review as a learning process.

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जब planning team पहले scenario बनाती है जैसे demand high, normal और low हो सकती है, तो यह किस चरण का advanced use है?

When a planning team first creates scenarios such as demand may be high, normal and low, this is an advanced use of which step?

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B. आधारभूत धारणाएँ विकसित करनाDeveloping premises

Explanation

Simple Explanation

scenario planning future assumptions का advanced रूप है। परीक्षा में demand scenarios को premises से जोड़ें। / Scenario planning is an advanced form of future assumptions. In exams, connect demand scenarios with premises.

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यदि company competitor reaction को premises में शामिल नहीं करती, तो कौन सा later step सबसे ज्यादा प्रभावित होगा?

If a company does not include competitor reaction in premises, which later step will be most affected?

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A. विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन और चयनEvaluation and selection of alternatives

Explanation

Simple Explanation

गलत premises से alternatives की तुलना भी गलत हो सकती है। परीक्षा में premises का impact later decisions पर देखें। / Wrong premises can also make comparison of alternatives wrong. In exams, see the impact of premises on later decisions.

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यदि management best alternative चुनते समय ethical impact नहीं देखती, तो कौन सा planning step कमजोर हुआ?

If management does not check ethical impact while selecting the best alternative, which planning step became weak?

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B. विकल्पों का मूल्यांकनEvaluation of alternatives

Explanation

Simple Explanation

ethical impact भी evaluation का हिस्सा हो सकता है। परीक्षा में evaluation को केवल profit तक सीमित न करें। / Ethical impact can also be part of evaluation. In exams, do not limit evaluation only to profit.

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यदि चुनी गई योजना के लिए derivative plans जैसे budget और programme नहीं बनाए गए, तो क्या समस्या होगी?

If derivative plans such as budget and programme are not prepared for the selected plan, what problem will occur?

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A. implementation अस्पष्ट और कमजोर हो सकता हैImplementation may become unclear and weak

Explanation

Simple Explanation

derivative plans action को स्पष्ट करते हैं। परीक्षा में budgets और programmes को implementation support मानें। / Derivative plans clarify action. In exams, treat budgets and programmes as implementation support.

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यदि planning process में follow-up से मिली feedback को next planning cycle में use किया जाए, तो planning की कौन सी nature दिखती है?

If feedback from follow-up is used in the next planning cycle, which nature of planning is shown?

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B. Planning निरंतर और सीखने वाली प्रक्रिया हैPlanning is a continuous and learning process

Explanation

Simple Explanation

feedback future planning को सुधारता है। परीक्षा में follow-up से continuous process को समझें। / Feedback improves future planning. In exams, understand continuous process through follow-up.

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यदि objective clear है लेकिन deadline नहीं है, तो follow-up में कौन सी कठिनाई आएगी?

If the objective is clear but has no deadline, what difficulty will occur in follow-up?

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A. समय के आधार पर progress मापना कठिन होगाIt will be difficult to measure progress on the basis of time

Explanation

Simple Explanation

deadline follow-up और control में मदद करती है। परीक्षा में time-bound objective को महत्वपूर्ण लिखें। / A deadline helps follow-up and control. In exams, write time-bound objective as important.

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यदि manager सबसे पहले यह पूछता है कि हमें exactly क्या पाना है, तो वह किस step पर focus कर रहा है?

If a manager first asks what exactly we have to achieve, which step is being focused on?

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C. उद्देश्य निर्धारित करनाSetting objectives

Explanation

Simple Explanation

क्या पाना है यह objectives से जुड़ा है। परीक्षा में what to achieve को objective setting मानें। / What to achieve is related to objectives. In exams, treat what to achieve as objective setting.

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यदि planning team पूछती है कि इन assumptions के गलत होने पर क्या होगा, तो यह किस skill को मजबूत करती है?

If a planning team asks what will happen if these assumptions go wrong, which skill does it strengthen?

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D. premises की जांच और contingency thinkingTesting premises and contingency thinking

Explanation

Simple Explanation

assumptions की जांच planning को मजबूत बनाती है। परीक्षा में premises testing को advanced planning समझें। / Testing assumptions strengthens planning. In exams, understand premises testing as advanced planning.

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यदि विकल्पों की खोज में employees, customers और suppliers से ideas लिए गए, तो planning process पर क्या प्रभाव पड़ेगा?

If ideas are taken from employees, customers and suppliers while searching alternatives, what will be the effect on the planning process?

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A. alternatives अधिक व्यावहारिक और व्यापक हो सकते हैंAlternatives may become more practical and broad

Explanation

Simple Explanation

विविध स्रोतों से बेहतर विकल्प मिल सकते हैं। परीक्षा में participative search को alternatives stage से जोड़ें। / Better alternatives may come from diverse sources. In exams, connect participative search with alternatives stage.

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यदि selected option profitable है पर organisation की policy के विपरीत है, तो कौन सा step उसे रोकना चाहिए?

If the selected option is profitable but against the organisation's policy, which step should stop it?

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B. विकल्पों का मूल्यांकनEvaluation of alternatives

Explanation

Simple Explanation

policy fit evaluation का महत्वपूर्ण criterion है। परीक्षा में profitable but unsuitable option को evaluation issue मानें। / Policy fit is an important evaluation criterion. In exams, treat profitable but unsuitable option as an evaluation issue.

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यदि company ने plan लागू किया लेकिन employees को training नहीं दी, तो कौन सा implementation component missing है?

If a company implemented a plan but did not train employees, which implementation component is missing?

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C. resource and capability preparation

Explanation

Simple Explanation

training implementation को practical बनाती है। परीक्षा में employee capability को action stage से जोड़ें। / Training makes implementation practical. In exams, connect employee capability with the action stage.

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यदि follow-up में deviation दिखे लेकिन कोई corrective action न लिया जाए, तो follow-up क्यों अधूरा है?

If deviation appears in follow-up but no corrective action is taken, why is follow-up incomplete?

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A. क्योंकि follow-up केवल report नहीं, correction भी हैBecause follow-up is not only reporting but also correction

Explanation

Simple Explanation

follow-up का उद्देश्य सुधार भी है। परीक्षा में review के साथ corrective action जरूर लिखें। / The purpose of follow-up also includes correction. In exams, write corrective action with review.

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एक कंपनी ने पहले customers की needs समझीं, फिर objective तय किया। यह planning process में क्या सुधार करता है?

A company first understood customer needs and then set the objective. What does this improve in the planning process?

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A. objective अधिक realistic और relevant बनता हैThe objective becomes more realistic and relevant

Explanation

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market understanding से उद्देश्य बेहतर बनते हैं। परीक्षा में customer need को objective quality से जोड़ें। / Market understanding makes objectives better. In exams, connect customer need with objective quality.

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यदि planning premises बहुत optimistic हों, तो कौन सा danger हो सकता है?

If planning premises are too optimistic, what danger may occur?

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C. targets और resources का अनुमान अव्यावहारिक हो सकता हैEstimation of targets and resources may become impractical

Explanation

Simple Explanation

बहुत आशावादी assumptions योजना को अवास्तविक बना सकती हैं। परीक्षा में premises realism को महत्वपूर्ण मानें। / Too optimistic assumptions can make planning unrealistic. In exams, treat realism of premises as important.

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यदि alternatives evaluate करते समय cash flow effect नहीं देखा गया, तो कौन सा practical factor छूट गया?

If cash flow effect is not checked while evaluating alternatives, which practical factor is missed?

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B. वित्तीय व्यवहार्यताFinancial feasibility

Explanation

Simple Explanation

cash flow financial feasibility से जुड़ा है। परीक्षा में evaluation में liquidity और cost भी देखें। / Cash flow is linked with financial feasibility. In exams, check liquidity and cost in evaluation.

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यदि selection करते समय manager short-term profit और long-term reputation में संतुलन बनाता है, तो कौन सी quality दिखती है?

If a manager balances short-term profit and long-term reputation while selecting, which quality is shown?

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A. संतुलित निर्णयBalanced decision-making

Explanation

Simple Explanation

अच्छा selection केवल immediate profit नहीं देखता। परीक्षा में long-term impact को selection में शामिल करें। / Good selection does not see only immediate profit. In exams, include long-term impact in selection.

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यदि implementation के दौरान departments को अलग-अलग instructions मिलें, तो planning process की कौन सी जरूरत कमजोर है?

If departments receive different instructions during implementation, which need of the planning process is weak?

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B. communication and coordination

Explanation

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implementation में clear communication और coordination जरूरी हैं। परीक्षा में अलग instructions को implementation problem मानें। / Clear communication and coordination are necessary in implementation. In exams, treat different instructions as an implementation problem.

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यदि plan की progress केवल साल के अंत में देखी जाए, तो कौन सा risk बढ़ता है?

If progress of a plan is checked only at the end of the year, which risk increases?

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A. गलती समय पर सुधारने का अवसर छूट सकता हैOpportunity to correct mistakes on time may be missed

Explanation

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periodic review से समय पर सुधार होता है। परीक्षा में continuous follow-up को जरूरी समझें। / Periodic review enables timely correction. In exams, understand continuous follow-up as necessary.

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यदि company target achieve कर लेती है लेकिन customer satisfaction गिरती है, तो follow-up में क्या सीख मिलेगी?

If a company achieves the target but customer satisfaction falls, what learning will come in follow-up?

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C. performance को multiple standards से देखना चाहिएPerformance should be checked through multiple standards

Explanation

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सिर्फ एक standard से performance की पूरी तस्वीर नहीं मिलती। परीक्षा में balanced review लिखें। / One standard alone does not give the full performance picture. In exams, write balanced review.

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यदि planning process में objective और premises दोनों clear हैं, तो alternatives की quality पर क्या प्रभाव पड़ेगा?

If both objectives and premises are clear in the planning process, what will be the effect on quality of alternatives?

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A. alternatives अधिक focused और practical बनेंगेAlternatives will become more focused and practical

Explanation

Simple Explanation

clear objective और realistic premises बेहतर alternatives बनाते हैं। परीक्षा में early steps का impact later steps पर देखें। / Clear objectives and realistic premises create better alternatives. In exams, see the impact of early steps on later steps.

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यदि एक विकल्प legal है लेकिन social backlash ला सकता है, तो evaluation में क्या शामिल होना चाहिए?

If an alternative is legal but can bring social backlash, what should be included in evaluation?

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B. सामाजिक प्रतिक्रिया और reputation riskSocial response and reputation risk

Explanation

Simple Explanation

evaluation में social impact भी देखा जा सकता है। परीक्षा में legality और acceptability को अलग मानें। / Social impact can also be checked in evaluation. In exams, treat legality and acceptability separately.

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यदि selected plan को लागू करने के लिए authority तो दी गई लेकिन resources नहीं दिए गए, तो क्या होगा?

If authority is given for implementing the selected plan but resources are not provided, what will happen?

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A. implementation practical रूप से कमजोर रहेगाImplementation will remain practically weak

Explanation

Simple Explanation

authority के साथ resources भी चाहिए। परीक्षा में implementation में authority responsibility और resources तीनों याद रखें। / Resources are needed along with authority. In exams, remember authority, responsibility and resources in implementation.

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यदि follow-up report में बार-बार same deviation दिखे, तो manager को क्या करना चाहिए?

If the same deviation appears repeatedly in follow-up reports, what should the manager do?

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C. root cause analysis और corrective action करना चाहिएDo root cause analysis and corrective action

Explanation

Simple Explanation

बार-बार deviation root cause की ओर संकेत करता है। परीक्षा में repeated deviation पर deeper correction लिखें। / Repeated deviation indicates a root cause. In exams, write deeper correction for repeated deviation.

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यदि objectives लिखे गए हैं लेकिन उन्हें department-wise targets में नहीं बदला गया, तो कौन सा stage प्रभावित होगा?

If objectives are written but not converted into department-wise targets, which stage will be affected?

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C. योजना का क्रियान्वयनImplementation of the plan

Explanation

Simple Explanation

department-wise targets action को स्पष्ट करते हैं। परीक्षा में broad objective को actionable plan में बदलना implementation से जोड़ें। / Department-wise targets clarify action. In exams, connect converting broad objectives into actionable plans with implementation.

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यदि planning में कोई alternative चुना गया पर उसका opportunity cost नहीं देखा गया, तो कौन सा analysis अधूरा है?

If an alternative is chosen in planning but its opportunity cost is not checked, which analysis is incomplete?

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D. विकल्पों का मूल्यांकनEvaluation of alternatives

Explanation

Simple Explanation

opportunity cost alternative evaluation का हिस्सा हो सकता है। परीक्षा में hidden cost को भी evaluation में देखें। / Opportunity cost can be part of alternative evaluation. In exams, check hidden cost also in evaluation.

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यदि plan बनाते समय competitor, customer और cost premises अलग-अलग departments में अलग हैं, तो क्या जोखिम है?

If competitor, customer and cost premises differ across departments while planning, what risk exists?

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A. departments असंगत plans बना सकते हैंDepartments may make inconsistent plans

Explanation

Simple Explanation

common premises की कमी से inconsistent planning होती है। परीक्षा में shared assumptions को coordination से जोड़ें। / Lack of common premises creates inconsistent planning. In exams, connect shared assumptions with coordination.

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यदि manager कहता है कि हमने best plan चुन लिया है इसलिए review की जरूरत नहीं, तो कौन सी misunderstanding है?

If a manager says that we selected the best plan so review is not needed, what is the misunderstanding?

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A. selection के बाद भी implementation और follow-up जरूरी हैंImplementation and follow-up are needed even after selection

Explanation

Simple Explanation

best plan भी बदलती स्थिति में review चाहता है। परीक्षा में planning process को selection पर समाप्त न मानें। / Even the best plan needs review in changing conditions. In exams, do not consider planning process finished at selection.

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यदि किसी plan में clear objective और strong premises हैं लेकिन alternatives कमजोर हैं, तो best decision पर क्या असर होगा?

If a plan has clear objective and strong premises but weak alternatives, what will be the effect on the best decision?

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A. decision quality सीमित हो सकती हैDecision quality may become limited

Explanation

Simple Explanation

decision alternatives की quality पर भी निर्भर करता है। परीक्षा में हर stage की importance समझें। / Decision also depends on quality of alternatives. In exams, understand the importance of every stage.

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नियोजन प्रक्रिया पर expert conclusion कौन सा है?

Which is the expert conclusion on the planning process?

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B. यह objectives से शुरू होकर premises, alternatives, evaluation, selection, implementation और follow-up तक चलने वाली logical process हैIt is a logical process from objectives to premises, alternatives, evaluation, selection, implementation and follow-up

Explanation

Simple Explanation

planning process क्रमबद्ध और logical होती है। परीक्षा में पूरा sequence सही क्रम में लिखें। / The planning process is systematic and logical. In exams, write the full sequence in correct order.

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यदि follow-up में पता चले कि plan सफल है लेकिन premises अब बदल चुकी हैं, तो manager को क्या करना चाहिए?

If follow-up shows that the plan is successful but the premises have now changed, what should the manager do?

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A. बदली हुई premises के आधार पर योजना की समीक्षा और संशोधन करनाReview and revise the plan on the basis of changed premises

Explanation

Simple Explanation

premises बदलने पर सफल plan भी review मांगता है। परीक्षा में follow-up को feedback और future adjustment से जोड़ें। / When premises change, even a successful plan needs review. In exams, connect follow-up with feedback and future adjustment.

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एक ऊर्जा कंपनी ने पहले कार्बन उत्सर्जन घटाने का लक्ष्य तय किया और फिर सरकारी अनुदान तथा तकनीकी लागत का अनुमान लगाया। दूसरा कार्य किस चरण को दर्शाता है?

An energy company first fixed an objective to reduce carbon emissions and then estimated government grants and technology cost. Which step does the second activity show?

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B. आधारभूत धारणाएँ विकसित करनाDeveloping premises

Explanation

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अनुदान और लागत के भविष्य अनुमान premises हैं। परीक्षा में objective के बाद future assumptions को premises लिखें। / Future estimates of grants and cost are premises. In exams, write future assumptions after objectives as premises.

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यदि अस्पताल ने प्रतीक्षा समय घटाने का लक्ष्य रखा लेकिन मरीजों की दैनिक संख्या का अनुमान नहीं लगाया तो कौन सा चरण कमजोर है?

If a hospital set an objective to reduce waiting time but did not estimate daily patient count, which step is weak?

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C. आधारभूत धारणाएँDeveloping premises

Explanation

Simple Explanation

मरीज संख्या का अनुमान भविष्य धारणा है। परीक्षा में demand estimate को premises से जोड़ें। / Patient count estimation is a future assumption. In exams, connect demand estimate with premises.

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एक ऑनलाइन विक्रेता ने तेज डिलीवरी के लिए खुद का वाहन नेटवर्क, साझेदार कुरियर और स्थानीय पिकअप केंद्र जैसे रास्ते सोचे। यह कौन सा चरण है?

An online seller considered own vehicle network, partner courier and local pickup centres for faster delivery. Which step is this?

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A. वैकल्पिक कार्यवाहियों की पहचानIdentifying alternative courses of action

Explanation

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ये लक्ष्य पाने के अलग-अलग रास्ते हैं। परीक्षा में अलग routes को alternatives समझें। / These are different ways to achieve the objective. In exams, treat different routes as alternatives.

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यदि किसी विकल्प की लागत कम है लेकिन ग्राहक अनुभव कमजोर हो सकता है तो यह बात किस चरण में जाँची जानी चाहिए?

If an alternative has low cost but may weaken customer experience, in which step should this be checked?

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B. विकल्पों का मूल्यांकनEvaluating alternatives

Explanation

Simple Explanation

मूल्यांकन में लागत के साथ ग्राहक अनुभव भी देखा जाता है। परीक्षा में non-financial factor को evaluation में रखें। / Evaluation checks customer experience along with cost. In exams, keep non-financial factors in evaluation.

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तीन वितरण विकल्पों की तुलना के बाद कंपनी ने साझेदार कुरियर और पिकअप केंद्र दोनों का मिश्रण चुना। यह किस चरण का उदाहरण है?

After comparing three delivery options, a company chose a mix of partner courier and pickup centres. This is an example of which step?

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C. सर्वश्रेष्ठ विकल्प का चयनSelecting the best alternative

Explanation

Simple Explanation

चयनित विकल्प कभी मिश्रित भी हो सकता है। परीक्षा में final chosen course को selection लिखें। / The selected alternative can also be a combination. In exams, write the final chosen course as selection.

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चुनी गई रणनीति को विभागीय कार्य, समय सीमा और खर्च सीमा में बदलना किस चरण का संकेत है?

Converting the chosen strategy into departmental tasks, deadlines and spending limits indicates which step?

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D. योजना का क्रियान्वयनImplementing the plan

Explanation

Simple Explanation

कार्य, समय सीमा और खर्च सीमा action details हैं। परीक्षा में इन्हें implementation से जोड़ें। / Tasks, deadlines and spending limits are action details. In exams, connect them with implementation.

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यदि योजना लागू होने के बाद पता चले कि खर्च सीमा से अधिक हो गया है तो कौन सा चरण सक्रिय होगा?

If after implementation it is found that expense exceeded the limit, which step becomes active?

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A. अनुवर्ती कार्रवाईFollow-up action

Explanation

Simple Explanation

योजना के बाद actual results की जाँच follow-up है। परीक्षा में variance दिखे तो review और correction लिखें। / Checking actual results after the plan is follow-up. In exams, write review and correction when variance appears.

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यदि योजना प्रक्रिया में लक्ष्य और premises स्पष्ट हैं लेकिन alternatives बहुत कम हैं तो निर्णय की गुणवत्ता पर क्या प्रभाव पड़ेगा?

If objectives and premises are clear in planning but alternatives are very few, what will be the effect on decision quality?

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B. निर्णय की गुणवत्ता सीमित हो सकती हैDecision quality may become limited

Explanation

Simple Explanation

बेहतर निर्णय के लिए अच्छे alternatives जरूरी हैं। परीक्षा में हर चरण की गुणवत्ता को महत्वपूर्ण मानें। / Good alternatives are necessary for better decisions. In exams, treat quality of every step as important.

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एक विद्यालय ने परिणाम सुधारने का लक्ष्य रखा लेकिन यह नहीं बताया कि किस विषय में कितना सुधार चाहिए। कौन सी कमी है?

A school set a goal to improve results but did not state how much improvement is needed in which subject. What is the weakness?

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A. उद्देश्य अस्पष्ट और अमापनीय हैThe objective is vague and not measurable

Explanation

Simple Explanation

अच्छे उद्देश्य specific और measurable होने चाहिए। परीक्षा में unclear target को weak objective लिखें। / Good objectives should be specific and measurable. In exams, write unclear target as a weak objective.

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यदि अलग-अलग विभाग भविष्य की मांग के अलग-अलग अनुमान लेकर अपने plans बना रहे हैं तो क्या पहले सुधारना चाहिए?

If different departments are making their plans with different future demand estimates, what should be corrected first?

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B. common planning premises बनानाCreate common planning premises

Explanation

Simple Explanation

common premises से departments एक ही आधार पर सोचते हैं। परीक्षा में shared assumptions को coordination से जोड़ें। / Common premises make departments think on the same base. In exams, connect shared assumptions with coordination.

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यदि किसी विकल्प से लाभ अधिक है पर कानूनी अनुमति अनिश्चित है तो evaluation में किस बात को शामिल करना चाहिए?

If an alternative gives high profit but legal approval is uncertain, what should be included in evaluation?

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C. कानूनी जोखिम और व्यवहार्यताLegal risk and feasibility

Explanation

Simple Explanation

मूल्यांकन में कानूनी जोखिम भी देखा जाता है। परीक्षा में profit alone को sufficient न मानें। / Legal risk is also checked in evaluation. In exams, do not treat profit alone as sufficient.

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एक दुग्ध कंपनी ने दूध संग्रह बढ़ाने के लिए किसान प्रशिक्षण, ठंडा केंद्र और बोनस योजना जैसे विकल्प बनाए। यह किस चरण को दिखाता है?

A dairy company created options such as farmer training, chilling centre and bonus scheme to increase milk collection. Which step does this show?

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B. वैकल्पिक कार्यवाहियों की पहचानIdentifying alternative courses of action

Explanation

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ये लक्ष्य पाने के संभावित courses of action हैं। परीक्षा में option generation को alternatives stage लिखें। / These are possible courses of action to achieve the goal. In exams, write option generation as alternatives stage.

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यदि manager alternative चुनते समय केवल अपने अनुभव पर निर्भर हो और evaluation data को न देखे तो कौन सा दोष है?

If a manager relies only on personal experience while selecting an alternative and ignores evaluation data, what is the defect?

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B. selection objective analysis पर आधारित नहीं हैSelection is not based on objective analysis

Explanation

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selection evaluation के आधार पर होना चाहिए। परीक्षा में personal judgement को data से balance करें। / Selection should be based on evaluation. In exams, balance personal judgment with data.

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यदि chosen plan के लिए budget तो है पर responsible person तय नहीं है तो कौन सा चरण कमजोर रहेगा?

If the chosen plan has a budget but no responsible person is fixed, which step will remain weak?

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C. योजना का क्रियान्वयनImplementing the plan

Explanation

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responsibility clear न हो तो action कमजोर होता है। परीक्षा में responsibility को implementation का core part मानें। / If responsibility is unclear, action becomes weak. In exams, treat responsibility as a core part of implementation.

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यदि follow-up में deviation मिलता है पर manager सिर्फ report बनाकर छोड़ देता है तो कौन सी कमी है?

If a deviation is found in follow-up but the manager only prepares a report and stops, what is lacking?

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A. corrective action नहीं लिया गयाCorrective action was not taken

Explanation

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follow-up का उद्देश्य केवल reporting नहीं बल्कि correction भी है। परीक्षा में deviation के साथ corrective action लिखें। / The purpose of follow-up is not only reporting but also correction. In exams, write corrective action with deviation.

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यदि target achieve हो गया लेकिन customer complaints बढ़ गईं तो follow-up में कौन सा निष्कर्ष उचित है?

If the target is achieved but customer complaints increase, which conclusion is proper in follow-up?

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B. केवल sales target देखना पर्याप्त नहीं हैLooking only at sales target is not enough

Explanation

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follow-up में multiple performance indicators देखने चाहिए। परीक्षा में sales के साथ quality भी देखें। / Follow-up should check multiple performance indicators. In exams, check quality along with sales.

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यदि कंपनी high demand, normal demand और low demand के तीन अनुमान बनाती है तो यह किसका advanced रूप है?

If a company prepares three estimates of high demand, normal demand and low demand, this is an advanced form of what?

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A. scenario based premises

Explanation

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तीन demand scenarios future assumptions हैं। परीक्षा में scenario planning को premises से जोड़ें। / Three demand scenarios are future assumptions. In exams, connect scenario planning with premises.

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यदि competitive response को premises में शामिल नहीं किया गया तो कौन सा later decision सबसे अधिक गलत हो सकता है?

If competitive response is not included in premises, which later decision may be most wrong?

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A. विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन और चयनEvaluation and selection of alternatives

Explanation

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गलत premises से evaluation और selection प्रभावित होते हैं। परीक्षा में early step का later steps पर प्रभाव समझें। / Wrong premises affect evaluation and selection. In exams, understand the effect of early steps on later steps.

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यदि उद्देश्य realistic है लेकिन challenging नहीं है तो planning process में कौन सा नुकसान हो सकता है?

If an objective is realistic but not challenging, what loss may occur in the planning process?

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A. संगठन को performance improvement की मजबूत दिशा नहीं मिलेगीThe organisation will not get a strong direction for performance improvement

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objectives realistic और challenging दोनों होने चाहिए। परीक्षा में easy objective को भी weak मान सकते हैं। / Objectives should be both realistic and challenging. In exams, even an easy objective can be treated as weak.

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यदि evaluation में environment impact नहीं देखा गया और बाद में public protest हुआ तो कौन सा factor छूटा था?

If environmental impact was not checked in evaluation and public protest occurred later, which factor was missed?

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B. गैर वित्तीय और सामाजिक प्रभावNon-financial and social impact

Explanation

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evaluation में social impact भी शामिल हो सकता है। परीक्षा में evaluation को broad और ethical रखें। / Social impact can also be included in evaluation. In exams, keep evaluation broad and ethical.

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यदि चुनी गई योजना में training schedule नहीं बनाया गया और employees नई प्रणाली नहीं चला पाए तो कौन सा issue है?

If the selected plan has no training schedule and employees cannot operate the new system, what is the issue?

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A. implementation preparation अधूरी हैImplementation preparation is incomplete

Explanation

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training schedule implementation को संभव बनाता है। परीक्षा में capability building को action stage से जोड़ें। / Training schedule makes implementation possible. In exams, connect capability building with action stage.

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यदि actual performance target से कम है और reason market assumption में error है तो किस-किस step को review करना चाहिए?

If actual performance is below target and the reason is error in market assumption, which steps should be reviewed?

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B. follow-up और premises revisionFollow-up and premises revision

Explanation

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follow-up error दिखाता है और premises revise होती हैं। परीक्षा में feedback loop को समझें। / Follow-up shows the error and premises are revised. In exams, understand the feedback loop.

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यदि organisation ने employee ideas लिए बिना alternatives बनाए तो किस benefit से वंचित रह सकता है?

If an organisation creates alternatives without taking employee ideas, which benefit may be missed?

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A. व्यावहारिक और जमीनी विकल्पPractical and ground-level alternatives

Explanation

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employees से practical options मिल सकते हैं। परीक्षा में participative planning को alternatives stage में जोड़ें। / Employees can provide practical options. In exams, connect participative planning with alternatives stage.

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यदि selected alternative company policy से मेल नहीं खाता तो उसे किस चरण में reject होना चाहिए था?

If the selected alternative does not match company policy, in which step should it have been rejected?

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B. विकल्पों का मूल्यांकनEvaluating alternatives

Explanation

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policy fit evaluation criterion है। परीक्षा में unsuitable option को evaluation stage में रोकें। / Policy fit is an evaluation criterion. In exams, stop unsuitable options at evaluation stage.

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यदि plan के लिए resources arrange कर दिए गए पर authority नहीं दी गई तो implementation में क्या होगा?

If resources are arranged for a plan but authority is not given, what will happen in implementation?

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A. निर्णय लेने और action में बाधा आएगीDecision-making and action will be obstructed

Explanation

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authority और responsibility implementation के लिए जरूरी हैं। परीक्षा में resources के साथ authority भी लिखें। / Authority and responsibility are necessary for implementation. In exams, write authority along with resources.

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यदि monthly review से छोटी गलतियाँ जल्दी पकड़ी जाती हैं तो planning process की कौन सी quality मजबूत होती है?

If small mistakes are caught early through monthly review, which quality of the planning process becomes stronger?

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A. समय पर follow-up और controlTimely follow-up and control

Explanation

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regular follow-up से timely correction संभव होता है। परीक्षा में periodic review को control से जोड़ें। / Regular follow-up enables timely correction. In exams, connect periodic review with control.

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यदि objective में profit, customer trust और employee safety तीनों शामिल हैं तो यह expert planning के लिए क्यों बेहतर है?

If the objective includes profit, customer trust and employee safety, why is it better for expert planning?

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A. यह balanced performance standards देता हैIt gives balanced performance standards

Explanation

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balanced objectives narrow planning से बचाते हैं। परीक्षा में multiple standards को mature objective मानें। / Balanced objectives avoid narrow planning. In exams, treat multiple standards as mature objectives.

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यदि planning premises को top management ने बनाया लेकिन lower departments को communicate नहीं किया तो क्या जोखिम है?

If planning premises are made by top management but not communicated to lower departments, what is the risk?

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A. departments inconsistent plans बना सकते हैंDepartments may make inconsistent plans

Explanation

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shared premises के बिना departments अलग आधार पर काम कर सकते हैं। परीक्षा में premises communication को coordination से जोड़ें। / Without shared premises, departments may work on different bases. In exams, connect premise communication with coordination.

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यदि alternatives में एक option short-term लाभ देता है और दूसरा long-term brand trust, तो decision से पहले क्या जरूरी है?

If one alternative gives short-term gain and another gives long-term brand trust, what is necessary before decision?

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A. दोनों का व्यापक evaluationBroad evaluation of both

Explanation

Simple Explanation

short-term और long-term impact evaluation में compare होते हैं। परीक्षा में balanced evaluation लिखें। / Short-term and long-term impacts are compared in evaluation. In exams, write balanced evaluation.

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यदि follow-up से पता चला कि सफलता केवल temporary discount के कारण आई थी तो future planning में क्या सावधानी चाहिए?

If follow-up shows that success came only due to temporary discount, what caution is needed in future planning?

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A. success reason का सही analysis करनाAnalyse the true reason for success

Explanation

Simple Explanation

follow-up से सफलता के कारण भी समझे जाते हैं। परीक्षा में review को learning tool मानें। / Follow-up helps understand reasons for success too. In exams, treat review as a learning tool.

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यदि selected plan को implement करते समय departments के बीच resource conflict हो तो कौन सी preparation कमजोर थी?

If resource conflict arises among departments during implementation of selected plan, which preparation was weak?

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A. resource allocation और coordinationResource allocation and coordination

Explanation

Simple Explanation

implementation से पहले resources और coordination स्पष्ट होने चाहिए। परीक्षा में conflict को action stage issue समझें। / Resources and coordination should be clear before implementation. In exams, treat conflict as an action stage issue.

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यदि objective तय होने के बाद premises में गलत inflation estimate लिया गया तो कौन सा later output प्रभावित होगा?

If a wrong inflation estimate is taken in premises after setting objectives, which later output will be affected?

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A. budget और cost evaluationBudget and cost evaluation

Explanation

Simple Explanation

inflation estimate cost planning को प्रभावित करता है। परीक्षा में economic premises का budget पर प्रभाव याद रखें। / Inflation estimate affects cost planning. In exams, remember the effect of economic premises on budget.

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यदि company customer survey से मिली नई जानकारी को alternatives stage में उपयोग करती है तो क्या लाभ होगा?

If a company uses new information from customer survey in the alternatives stage, what will be the benefit?

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A. customer-centric options बनेंगेCustomer-centric options will be created

Explanation

Simple Explanation

customer information better alternatives बनाने में मदद करती है। परीक्षा में research को alternatives quality से जोड़ें। / Customer information helps create better alternatives. In exams, connect research with alternatives quality.

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यदि किसी alternative को चुनने से पहले उसके cash flow effect की जाँच नहीं हुई तो कौन सा criterion छूटा?

If cash flow effect is not checked before selecting an alternative, which criterion is missed?

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A. financial feasibility

Explanation

Simple Explanation

cash flow financial feasibility का हिस्सा है। परीक्षा में evaluation में liquidity और finance जरूर देखें। / Cash flow is part of financial feasibility. In exams, check liquidity and finance in evaluation.

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यदि implementation के समय employees को plan का उद्देश्य नहीं पता तो कौन सा link कमजोर है?

If employees do not know the objective of the plan during implementation, which link is weak?

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A. objective communication to action

Explanation

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objectives employees तक पहुँचना implementation के लिए जरूरी है। परीक्षा में communication gap को action issue मानें। / Objectives must reach employees for implementation. In exams, treat communication gap as an action issue.

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यदि follow-up में पता चलता है कि plan तो सही था पर execution weak था, तो corrective action किस पर केंद्रित होगा?

If follow-up shows that the plan was correct but execution was weak, what will corrective action focus on?

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A. implementation process सुधारने परImproving the implementation process

Explanation

Simple Explanation

follow-up समस्या का वास्तविक कारण पहचानता है। परीक्षा में correction cause-specific होना चाहिए। / Follow-up identifies the real cause of the problem. In exams, correction should be cause-specific.

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यदि competitors की संभावित प्रतिक्रिया के तीन scenarios बनाकर pricing alternatives बनाए गए तो किस क्रम का पालन हुआ?

If pricing alternatives are made after creating three scenarios of competitor response, which sequence is followed?

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A. premises के बाद alternativesAlternatives after premises

Explanation

Simple Explanation

competitor scenarios premises हैं और pricing choices alternatives हैं। परीक्षा में premises से alternatives का क्रम याद रखें। / Competitor scenarios are premises and pricing choices are alternatives. In exams, remember the order from premises to alternatives.

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यदि evaluation के समय केवल quantitative data देखा गया और employee morale नहीं देखा गया तो कौन सी कमी है?

If only quantitative data is checked during evaluation and employee morale is ignored, what is the weakness?

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A. human impact को evaluation में शामिल नहीं किया गयाHuman impact was not included in evaluation

Explanation

Simple Explanation

employee morale भी practical evaluation factor हो सकता है। परीक्षा में human factor को ignore न करें। / Employee morale can also be a practical evaluation factor. In exams, do not ignore human factors.

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यदि selected alternative को policy और procedure में बदला गया लेकिन budget नहीं बना तो क्या कमी रह गई?

If the selected alternative is converted into policy and procedure but no budget is prepared, what weakness remains?

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A. implementation support अधूरा हैImplementation support is incomplete

Explanation

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budget implementation के लिए resource limit बताता है। परीक्षा में derivative plans में budget को शामिल करें। / Budget tells resource limits for implementation. In exams, include budget among derivative plans.

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यदि plan review में actual demand assumptions से अलग निकले तो अगली planning cycle में क्या सुधार होगा?

If plan review shows actual demand differs from assumptions, what improvement will occur in the next planning cycle?

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A. demand premises अधिक realistic बनेंगीDemand premises will become more realistic

Explanation

Simple Explanation

follow-up future premises को बेहतर करता है। परीक्षा में planning को learning cycle मानें। / Follow-up improves future premises. In exams, treat planning as a learning cycle.

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यदि plan में objective और budget हैं लेकिन time schedule नहीं है तो follow-up में क्या मुश्किल होगी?

If a plan has objective and budget but no time schedule, what difficulty will occur in follow-up?

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A. time-based progress measure करना कठिन होगाIt will be difficult to measure time-based progress

Explanation

Simple Explanation

time schedule follow-up को मापनीय बनाता है। परीक्षा में deadline को control से जोड़ें। / A time schedule makes follow-up measurable. In exams, connect deadline with control.

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यदि objective में exact result लिखा है लेकिन जिम्मेदार department तय नहीं है तो कौन सा अगला चरण प्रभावित होगा?

If the objective states the exact result but the responsible department is not fixed, which later step will be affected?

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A. implementation

Explanation

Simple Explanation

जिम्मेदार department action को स्पष्ट करता है। परीक्षा में accountability को implementation से जोड़ें। / Responsible department clarifies action. In exams, connect accountability with implementation.

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यदि planning process में कोई option ethical और legal है पर strategically weak है तो उसे किस चरण में पहचाना जाएगा?

If an option is ethical and legal but strategically weak in the planning process, in which step will it be identified?

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A. विकल्पों का मूल्यांकनEvaluating alternatives

Explanation

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strategic suitability evaluation का हिस्सा है। परीक्षा में legal होने को हमेशा best न मानें। / Strategic suitability is part of evaluation. In exams, do not always treat legal as best.

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यदि manager कहता है कि assumptions uncertain हैं इसलिए योजना न बनाएं तो सही expert response क्या होगा?

If a manager says assumptions are uncertain so planning should not be done, what is the correct expert response?

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A. assumptions को स्पष्ट कर realistic premises बनाकर planning करनी चाहिएPlanning should be done by clarifying assumptions and making realistic premises

Explanation

Simple Explanation

uncertainty planning की जरूरत कम नहीं करती बल्कि premises को महत्वपूर्ण बनाती है। परीक्षा में balanced answer दें। / Uncertainty does not reduce the need for planning but makes premises important. In exams, give a balanced answer.

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यदि company पहले best alternative चुनती है और बाद में उसके pros and cons देखती है तो क्रम की गलती क्या है?

If a company first selects the best alternative and then checks its pros and cons, what is the sequence error?

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A. selection evaluation से पहले कर दिया गयाSelection was done before evaluation

Explanation

Simple Explanation

पहले evaluation और फिर selection होता है। परीक्षा में इस order को कभी न बदलें। / Evaluation comes first and then selection. In exams, never change this order.

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यदि employees को implementation में authority दी गई लेकिन performance standards नहीं बताए गए तो follow-up पर क्या असर होगा?

If employees are given authority in implementation but performance standards are not communicated, what will be the effect on follow-up?

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A. performance तुलना कठिन होगीPerformance comparison will be difficult

Explanation

Simple Explanation

standards के बिना actual performance की तुलना कठिन होती है। परीक्षा में standards को objectives और follow-up से जोड़ें। / Without standards, comparing actual performance is difficult. In exams, connect standards with objectives and follow-up.

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यदि plan के बीच में external premise बदल जाए जैसे tax rate बढ़ जाए तो manager को किस approach की जरूरत है?

If an external premise changes during a plan such as tax rate rising, what approach does the manager need?

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A. review और संशोधित planningReview and revised planning

Explanation

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premises बदलने पर योजना की समीक्षा जरूरी है। परीक्षा में changing premises को review से जोड़ें। / When premises change, review of the plan is necessary. In exams, connect changing premises with review.

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यदि plan की success केवल इसलिए दिख रही है क्योंकि target बहुत कम था तो follow-up में कौन सा insight मिलेगा?

If plan success appears only because the target was too low, what insight will follow-up provide?

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A. objective quality को improve करना चाहिएObjective quality should be improved

Explanation

Simple Explanation

follow-up objective की quality भी दिखा सकता है। परीक्षा में easy target को success की guarantee न मानें। / Follow-up can also show the quality of objectives. In exams, do not treat easy targets as real success.

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यदि planning team हर alternative के लिए best case और worst case outcome लिखती है तो यह किस चरण को मजबूत करती है?

If a planning team writes best case and worst case outcomes for every alternative, which step does it strengthen?

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A. विकल्पों का मूल्यांकनEvaluating alternatives

Explanation

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best और worst case analysis evaluation को गहरा बनाता है। परीक्षा में risk analysis को evaluation से जोड़ें। / Best and worst case analysis deepens evaluation. In exams, connect risk analysis with evaluation.

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नियोजन प्रक्रिया का expert स्तर पर सबसे सही निष्कर्ष कौन सा है?

At expert level, which is the most correct conclusion about the planning process?

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A. यह एक logical cycle है जिसमें objectives, premises, alternatives, evaluation, selection, implementation और follow-up आपस में जुड़े होते हैंIt is a logical cycle in which objectives, premises, alternatives, evaluation, selection, implementation and foll

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planning process क्रमबद्ध और interconnected है। परीक्षा में पूरी chain को सही क्रम में लिखें। / The planning process is systematic and interconnected. In exams, write the full chain in correct order.

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एक स्वास्थ्य ऐप ने लक्ष्य रखा कि उपयोगकर्ता सक्रियता बढ़ानी है पर यह नहीं बताया कि कितने प्रतिशत और किस अवधि में। सबसे सही कमी क्या है?

A health app set an objective to increase user activity but did not state by what percentage and in what period. What is the most correct weakness?

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B. उद्देश्य मापनीय और समयबद्ध नहीं हैThe objective is not measurable and time-bound

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अच्छा उद्देश्य स्पष्ट, मापनीय और समयबद्ध होना चाहिए। परीक्षा में अस्पष्ट लक्ष्य को कमजोर objective मानें। / A good objective should be clear, measurable and time-bound. In exams, treat vague targets as weak objectives.

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यदि कंपनी ने पहले से मान लिया कि ग्राहक नई कीमत स्वीकार करेंगे और उसी आधार पर मूल्य योजना बनाई, तो यह किस चरण का उदाहरण है?

If a company assumes that customers will accept the new price and prepares the pricing plan on that basis, this is an example of which step?

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C. आधारभूत धारणाएँ विकसित करनाDeveloping premises

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ग्राहक प्रतिक्रिया का अनुमान future premise है। परीक्षा में customer acceptance को premises clue मानें। / Estimate of customer response is a future premise. In exams, treat customer acceptance as a premise clue.

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एक प्रकाशक ने बिक्री बढ़ाने के लिए छपी किताब, ई-पुस्तक और ऑडियो पाठ्यक्रम जैसे विकल्प बनाए। यह किस चरण को दिखाता है?

A publisher created options such as printed book, e-book and audio course to increase sales. Which step does this show?

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A. वैकल्पिक कार्यवाहियों की पहचानIdentifying alternative courses of action

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ये लक्ष्य पाने के अलग-अलग courses of action हैं। परीक्षा में option generation को alternatives stage लिखें। / These are different courses of action to achieve the goal. In exams, write option generation as alternatives stage.

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यदि किसी विकल्प से राजस्व अधिक है पर ग्राहक भरोसा घट सकता है, तो यह किस चरण में जाँचना चाहिए?

If an alternative gives higher revenue but may reduce customer trust, in which step should this be checked?

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D. विकल्पों का मूल्यांकनEvaluating alternatives

Explanation

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मूल्यांकन में राजस्व के साथ भरोसा और जोखिम भी देखा जाता है। परीक्षा में non-financial impact जरूर लिखें। / Evaluation checks trust and risk along with revenue. In exams, always write non-financial impact.

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दो विकल्पों में एक कम लाभकारी है लेकिन अधिक टिकाऊ है। उसे चुनने से पहले कौन सा विश्लेषण जरूरी है?

One of two alternatives is less profitable but more sustainable. What analysis is necessary before choosing it?

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A. लागत, लाभ और दीर्घकालीन प्रभाव का मूल्यांकनEvaluation of cost, benefit and long-term impact

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सस्टेनेबल विकल्प में दीर्घकालीन प्रभाव देखना जरूरी है। परीक्षा में evaluation को व्यापक analysis मानें। / A sustainable alternative needs checking of long-term impact. In exams, treat evaluation as broad analysis.

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मूल्यांकन के बाद कंपनी ने कम जोखिम और उच्च ग्राहक भरोसे वाली रणनीति चुनी। यह कौन सा चरण है?

After evaluation, the company selected the strategy with lower risk and higher customer trust. Which step is this?

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B. सर्वश्रेष्ठ विकल्प का चयनSelecting the best alternative

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final decision selection step है। परीक्षा में चुनी गई strategy को selected alternative लिखें। / The final decision is the selection step. In exams, write the chosen strategy as selected alternative.

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चयनित योजना को कामों, समय सीमा, बजट और जिम्मेदारियों में बाँटना किस चरण को मजबूत करता है?

Dividing the selected plan into tasks, deadlines, budgets and responsibilities strengthens which step?

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C. योजना का क्रियान्वयनImplementing the plan

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कार्य विवरण योजना को action में बदलते हैं। परीक्षा में task deadline budget को implementation से जोड़ें। / Action details convert the plan into work. In exams, connect task deadline and budget with implementation.

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यदि plan लागू होने के बाद वास्तविक ग्राहक प्रतिधारण दर लक्ष्य से कम हो तो कौन सा चरण जरूरी है?

If the actual customer retention rate after implementation is lower than the target, which step is necessary?

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C. अनुवर्ती कार्रवाई और सुधारFollow-up action and correction

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लक्ष्य से कम परिणाम follow-up और corrective action मांगता है। परीक्षा में deviation को review से जोड़ें। / Lower result than target needs follow-up and corrective action. In exams, connect deviation with review.

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यदि विभिन्न शाखाएँ अलग-अलग मांग अनुमान लेकर बजट बना रही हैं तो किस चरण को साझा करना आवश्यक है?

If different branches are making budgets with different demand estimates, which step must be made common?

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B. आधारभूत धारणाएँPlanning premises

Explanation

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साझा premises से branches एक समान आधार पर planning करती हैं। परीक्षा में common assumptions को coordination से जोड़ें। / Shared premises help branches plan on a common base. In exams, connect common assumptions with coordination.

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यदि लक्ष्य तय है पर ग्राहकों की वास्तविक जरूरत समझे बिना alternatives बनाए गए, तो कौन सा जोखिम है?

If the objective is fixed but alternatives are created without understanding real customer needs, what risk exists?

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A. alternatives कम व्यावहारिक हो सकते हैंAlternatives may be less practical

Explanation

Simple Explanation

ग्राहक समझ के बिना विकल्प कमजोर हो सकते हैं। परीक्षा में customer insight को alternatives quality से जोड़ें। / Without customer understanding, alternatives may become weak. In exams, connect customer insight with quality of alternatives.

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यदि प्रबंधक किसी विकल्प को केवल इसलिए चुनते हैं क्योंकि पिछले वर्ष वही सफल था, तो कौन सा step कमजोर हुआ?

If managers select an alternative only because it succeeded last year, which step became weak?

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A. विकल्पों की निष्पक्ष evaluationObjective evaluation of alternatives

Explanation

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पिछली सफलता alone पर्याप्त evaluation नहीं है। परीक्षा में current suitability को जरूर देखें। / Past success alone is not enough evaluation. In exams, always check current suitability.

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यदि योजना में उद्देश्य लाभ बढ़ाना है पर social responsibility को नजरअंदाज किया गया, तो objective setting में कौन सी कमी है?

If the objective of a plan is to increase profit but social responsibility is ignored, what weakness exists in objective setting?

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B. objective संकीर्ण हो सकता हैThe objective may be narrow

Explanation

Simple Explanation

अच्छे objectives में profit के साथ broader responsibility भी देखी जा सकती है। परीक्षा में balanced objective लिखें। / Good objectives may consider broader responsibility along with profit. In exams, write balanced objectives.

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यदि planning premises में inflation कम माना गया और बाद में budget गलत निकला, तो किस संबंध को समझना चाहिए?

If inflation is assumed low in planning premises and later the budget becomes wrong, which relation should be understood?

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A. premises का budget और evaluation पर प्रभावEffect of premises on budget and evaluation

Explanation

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गलत आर्थिक premises से लागत अनुमान बिगड़ते हैं। परीक्षा में premises को later planning base मानें। / Wrong economic premises disturb cost estimates. In exams, treat premises as the base for later planning.

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यदि कंपनी ने alternatives की सूची बनाई लेकिन किसी भी option का resource requirement नहीं देखा, तो कौन सा चरण अधूरा है?

If a company lists alternatives but does not check resource requirement of any option, which step is incomplete?

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A. विकल्पों का मूल्यांकनEvaluating alternatives

Explanation

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resources evaluation का practical criterion है। परीक्षा में feasibility को evaluation से जोड़ें। / Resources are a practical criterion of evaluation. In exams, connect feasibility with evaluation.

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यदि selected alternative को implement करने के लिए employees को अधिकार नहीं मिले तो क्या होगा?

If employees do not get authority to implement the selected alternative, what will happen?

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A. क्रियान्वयन कमजोर और धीमा होगाImplementation will become weak and slow

Explanation

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authority के बिना जिम्मेदार व्यक्ति action नहीं कर सकता। परीक्षा में authority responsibility को implementation में लिखें। / Without authority, the responsible person cannot act. In exams, write authority and responsibility under implementation.

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यदि follow-up में पता चले कि plan सही था पर communication कमजोर था, तो correction किस पर केंद्रित होगा?

If follow-up shows that the plan was correct but communication was weak, what will correction focus on?

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A. communication और implementation process सुधारने परImproving communication and implementation process

Explanation

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follow-up real cause बताता है। परीक्षा में corrective action cause-specific होना चाहिए। / Follow-up reveals the real cause. In exams, corrective action should be cause-specific.

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यदि प्रबंधक योजना के बाद भी new market data लेते रहते हैं, तो planning process की कौन सी विशेषता मजबूत होती है?

If managers keep taking new market data even after planning, which feature of the planning process becomes stronger?

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A. निरंतर समीक्षा और सीखनाContinuous review and learning

Explanation

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नया data plan को update करने में मदद करता है। परीक्षा में planning को continuous process मानें। / New data helps update the plan. In exams, treat planning as a continuous process.

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यदि objective तय करने के बाद company सीधे implementation करती है और premises तथा alternatives छोड़ देती है, तो क्या समस्या है?

If after setting objective a company directly implements and skips premises and alternatives, what is the problem?

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A. planning process के मध्य चरण छोड़े गएMiddle steps of planning process are skipped

Explanation

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objectives के बाद premises और alternatives जरूरी हैं। परीक्षा में process order को ध्यान से पहचानें। / Premises and alternatives are necessary after objectives. In exams, identify the process order carefully.

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यदि manager best alternative चुनने से पहले उसके opportunity cost को भी देखता है, तो यह किस stage को बेहतर बनाता है?

If a manager also checks opportunity cost before selecting the best alternative, which stage does it improve?

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A. विकल्पों का मूल्यांकनEvaluation of alternatives

Explanation

Simple Explanation

opportunity cost hidden cost हो सकता है। परीक्षा में evaluation में hidden cost भी देखें। / Opportunity cost can be a hidden cost. In exams, check hidden cost during evaluation.

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यदि योजना का goal market share बढ़ाना है लेकिन profit margin standard नहीं रखा गया, तो follow-up में क्या कमी होगी?

If the plan goal is to increase market share but no profit margin standard is kept, what weakness will appear in follow-up?

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A. profitability की सही तुलना कठिन होगीCorrect comparison of profitability will be difficult

Explanation

Simple Explanation

follow-up standards पर निर्भर करता है। परीक्षा में balanced measurable standards रखें। / Follow-up depends on standards. In exams, keep balanced measurable standards.

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यदि planning team best case और worst case assumptions बनाती है, तो वह किस चरण को अधिक मजबूत कर रही है?

If a planning team creates best case and worst case assumptions, which step is it strengthening?

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A. आधारभूत धारणाएँ विकसित करनाDeveloping premises

Explanation

Simple Explanation

scenario assumptions premises को मजबूत बनाते हैं। परीक्षा में best case worst case को advanced premises समझें। / Scenario assumptions strengthen premises. In exams, understand best case and worst case as advanced premises.

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यदि evaluation में supplier reliability नहीं देखी गई और बाद में supply fail हुई, तो कौन सा criterion छूटा था?

If supplier reliability was not checked during evaluation and later supply failed, which criterion was missed?

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A. operational feasibility

Explanation

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supplier reliability practical feasibility से जुड़ी है। परीक्षा में evaluation में operational risk शामिल करें। / Supplier reliability is linked with practical feasibility. In exams, include operational risk in evaluation.

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यदि selected plan को लागू करने से पहले training और communication plan नहीं बनाया गया, तो कौन सा action support missing है?

If training and communication plan is not prepared before implementing the selected plan, which action support is missing?

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A. implementation support

Explanation

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training और communication implementation को संभव बनाते हैं। परीक्षा में derivative action plans को याद रखें। / Training and communication make implementation possible. In exams, remember derivative action plans.

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यदि follow-up में actual performance target से बेहतर है तो भी manager क्या सीख सकता है?

If actual performance is better than target in follow-up, what can a manager still learn?

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A. सफलता के कारण और future improvement के संकेतReasons for success and clues for future improvement

Explanation

Simple Explanation

follow-up success और failure दोनों से सीख देता है। परीक्षा में review को learning tool मानें। / Follow-up gives learning from both success and failure. In exams, treat review as a learning tool.

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यदि objective में customer satisfaction है पर उसे मापने का survey method नहीं है, तो कौन सा later step कमजोर होगा?

If customer satisfaction is an objective but there is no survey method to measure it, which later step will be weak?

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A. अनुवर्ती कार्रवाईFollow-up action

Explanation

Simple Explanation

measurement method के बिना follow-up कमजोर होगा। परीक्षा में measurable objectives और feedback tools जोड़ें। / Without measurement method, follow-up will be weak. In exams, connect measurable objectives with feedback tools.

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यदि company ने sales objective बनाया और फिर competitors की expected discount policy का अनुमान लगाया, तो क्रम में कौन सा step हुआ?

If a company made a sales objective and then estimated competitors' expected discount policy, which step occurred in sequence?

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A. premises after objectives

Explanation

Simple Explanation

competitor discount estimate future premise है। परीक्षा में objective के बाद premises का क्रम याद रखें। / Competitor discount estimate is a future premise. In exams, remember premises after objectives.

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यदि विकल्प चुनते समय केवल financial return देखा गया और legal compliance नहीं देखा गया, तो selection क्यों कमजोर है?

If only financial return is checked while selecting an alternative and legal compliance is ignored, why is selection weak?

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A. evaluation अधूरा था इसलिए selection risky हैEvaluation was incomplete so selection is risky

Explanation

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selection सही evaluation पर निर्भर करता है। परीक्षा में legal compliance को evaluation criterion रखें। / Selection depends on proper evaluation. In exams, keep legal compliance as an evaluation criterion.

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यदि plan लागू करते समय departments को अलग priorities दी जाती हैं, तो कौन सा implementation issue होगा?

If departments are given different priorities during plan implementation, what implementation issue will occur?

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A. coordination कमजोर होगाCoordination will become weak

Explanation

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implementation में departments को aligned direction चाहिए। परीक्षा में coordination को action stage से जोड़ें। / Departments need aligned direction in implementation. In exams, connect coordination with action stage.

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यदि follow-up में repeated delay दिखे तो manager को केवल deadline बढ़ाने के बजाय क्या करना चाहिए?

If repeated delay appears in follow-up, what should the manager do instead of only extending the deadline?

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A. root cause analysis और corrective actionRoot cause analysis and corrective action

Explanation

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repeated deviation deeper cause दिखाता है। परीक्षा में follow-up को root cause correction से जोड़ें। / Repeated deviation shows a deeper cause. In exams, connect follow-up with root cause correction.

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यदि future premises uncertain हैं, तो expert planner को क्या करना चाहिए?

If future premises are uncertain, what should an expert planner do?

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A. realistic assumptions और contingency alternatives बनानाMake realistic assumptions and contingency alternatives

Explanation

Simple Explanation

uncertainty planning को खत्म नहीं करती बल्कि stronger premises और alternatives मांगती है। परीक्षा में balanced answer दें। / Uncertainty does not end planning but demands stronger premises and alternatives. In exams, give a balanced answer.

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यदि team alternatives बनाते समय suppliers की practical constraints पूछती है, तो कौन सा लाभ होगा?

If the team asks suppliers about practical constraints while making alternatives, what benefit will occur?

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A. alternatives अधिक realistic होंगेAlternatives will be more realistic

Explanation

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supplier input practical options बनाने में मदद करता है। परीक्षा में stakeholder input को alternatives quality से जोड़ें। / Supplier input helps create practical options. In exams, connect stakeholder input with alternatives quality.

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यदि plan के लिए budget बना है लेकिन cash flow timing नहीं देखी गई, तो किस stage में gap है?

If a plan has a budget but cash flow timing is not checked, which stage has a gap?

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A. evaluation और implementation preparationEvaluation and implementation preparation

Explanation

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cash timing financial feasibility और action readiness से जुड़ा है। परीक्षा में liquidity को practical planning में शामिल करें। / Cash timing is linked with financial feasibility and action readiness. In exams, include liquidity in practical planning.

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यदि implementation शुरू होने के बाद पता चले कि employees को performance standard नहीं पता, तो कौन सा connection टूटा है?

If after implementation starts employees do not know performance standards, which connection is broken?

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A. objectives से implementation और follow-up का connectionConnection from objectives to implementation and follow-up

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standards employees को action और review दोनों में दिशा देते हैं। परीक्षा में standards को objectives से जोड़ें। / Standards guide employees in both action and review. In exams, connect standards with objectives.

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यदि company customer complaints घटाने के लिए chatbot, call centre और training options बनाती है, तो अगला logical step क्या है?

If a company creates chatbot, call centre and training options to reduce complaints, what is the next logical step?

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A. विकल्पों का मूल्यांकनEvaluating alternatives

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alternatives के बाद evaluation होता है। परीक्षा में sequence में options के बाद comparison लिखें। / Evaluation comes after alternatives. In sequence questions, write comparison after options.

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यदि evaluation के बाद chatbot और training दोनों को मिलाकर plan चुना गया, तो यह किस बात को दिखाता है?

If after evaluation a plan combining chatbot and training is selected, what does this show?

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A. best alternative combination हो सकता हैThe best alternative can be a combination

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कई बार selected alternative mixed plan होता है। परीक्षा में final choice को flexible समझें। / Sometimes the selected alternative is a mixed plan. In exams, understand final choice as flexible.

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यदि plan implementation में customer service training तय हुई पर trainer और date तय नहीं हुए, तो क्या कमी है?

If customer service training is fixed in plan implementation but trainer and date are not fixed, what is lacking?

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A. action details incomplete हैंAction details are incomplete

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implementation में who और when स्पष्ट होना चाहिए। परीक्षा में incomplete action plan को weak implementation मानें। / Who and when should be clear in implementation. In exams, treat incomplete action plan as weak implementation.

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यदि review में पता चलता है कि discount से sales बढ़ी लेकिन profit घटा, तो क्या सीख मिलेगी?

If review shows that discount increased sales but reduced profit, what learning will come?

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A. single sales objective पर्याप्त नहीं हैA single sales objective is not enough

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follow-up multiple results दिखाता है। परीक्षा में sales और profit दोनों standards रखें। / Follow-up shows multiple results. In exams, keep both sales and profit standards.

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यदि objective realistic है, premises common हैं और alternatives broad हैं, तो evaluation में क्या लाभ होगा?

If the objective is realistic, premises are common and alternatives are broad, what benefit will occur in evaluation?

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A. comparison अधिक meaningful होगीComparison will be more meaningful

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early stages मजबूत हों तो evaluation बेहतर होती है। परीक्षा में planning steps की interdependence समझें। / If early stages are strong, evaluation becomes better. In exams, understand interdependence of planning steps.

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यदि selected plan में policy clear है लेकिन procedure unclear है, तो employees को किस समस्या का सामना होगा?

If the selected plan has clear policy but unclear procedure, what problem will employees face?

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A. काम कैसे करना है यह अस्पष्ट रहेगाHow to do the work will remain unclear

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procedure implementation का तरीका बताती है। परीक्षा में policy और procedure को action support से जोड़ें। / Procedure tells the method of implementation. In exams, connect policy and procedure with action support.

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यदि external premises जैसे कर नीति बदल जाएँ, तो planning process में किस step को तुरंत उपयोग करना चाहिए?

If external premises such as tax policy change, which step of the planning process should be used immediately?

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A. follow-up review और plan revisionFollow-up review and plan revision

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premises बदलने पर review और adjustment जरूरी है। परीक्षा में changing assumptions को follow-up से जोड़ें। / When premises change, review and adjustment are necessary. In exams, connect changing assumptions with follow-up.

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यदि planning team ने alternative evaluate करते समय employee safety को ignore किया, तो कौन सा analysis अधूरा है?

If the planning team ignores employee safety while evaluating an alternative, which analysis is incomplete?

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A. non-financial risk analysis

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employee safety भी evaluation factor हो सकता है। परीक्षा में risk को केवल money तक सीमित न करें। / Employee safety can also be an evaluation factor. In exams, do not limit risk only to money.

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यदि objective तय करते समय company ने stakeholder expectations को भी शामिल किया, तो planning quality पर क्या प्रभाव होगा?

If a company includes stakeholder expectations while setting objectives, what will be the effect on planning quality?

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A. objectives अधिक balanced और acceptable होंगेObjectives will be more balanced and acceptable

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stakeholder expectations objectives को practical बनाते हैं। परीक्षा में broader objective को mature planning मानें। / Stakeholder expectations make objectives practical. In exams, treat broader objective as mature planning.

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यदि managers premises बनाते समय reliable data source की जांच करते हैं, तो यह क्यों जरूरी है?

If managers check reliable data sources while developing premises, why is it necessary?

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A. गलत premises से पूरी planning chain प्रभावित हो सकती हैWrong premises can affect the whole planning chain

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premises planning का आधार हैं। परीक्षा में data reliability को premises quality से जोड़ें। / Premises are the base of planning. In exams, connect data reliability with premise quality.

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यदि alternatives बहुत creative हैं लेकिन company resources से बाहर हैं, तो evaluation में क्या निर्णय संभव है?

If alternatives are very creative but beyond company resources, what decision is possible in evaluation?

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A. उन्हें अव्यावहारिक माना जा सकता हैThey may be considered impractical

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creative option भी feasible होना चाहिए। परीक्षा में creativity और feasibility दोनों देखें। / A creative option must also be feasible. In exams, check both creativity and feasibility.

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यदि selection में highest profit वाले option को छोड़कर lower risk वाला option चुना गया, तो यह कब उचित है?

If the highest profit option is rejected and a lower risk option is selected, when is this appropriate?

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A. जब evaluation में risk-adjusted suitability बेहतर होWhen risk-adjusted suitability is better in evaluation

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best alternative हमेशा highest profit नहीं होता। परीक्षा में risk suitability को selection में शामिल करें। / The best alternative is not always the highest profit. In exams, include risk suitability in selection.

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यदि implementation में funds late release हुए तो manager को किस planning support की कमी पहचाननी चाहिए?

If funds are released late during implementation, what lack of planning support should the manager identify?

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A. cash flow schedule और resource timing की कमीLack of cash flow schedule and resource timing

Explanation

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fund timing implementation का practical part है। परीक्षा में resource timing को action plan में शामिल करें। / Fund timing is a practical part of implementation. In exams, include resource timing in the action plan.

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यदि follow-up में पता चले कि target बहुत आसान था, तो next planning में क्या सुधार चाहिए?

If follow-up shows that the target was too easy, what improvement is needed in next planning?

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A. objective को अधिक realistic और challenging बनानाMake the objective more realistic and challenging

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follow-up objective quality भी दिखाता है। परीक्षा में easy target को true success न मानें। / Follow-up also shows objective quality. In exams, do not treat an easy target as true success.

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यदि objective, premises, alternatives और evaluation सही हैं लेकिन plan communicate नहीं हुआ, तो failure का कारण क्या होगा?

If objectives, premises, alternatives and evaluation are correct but the plan is not communicated, what will be the cause of failure?

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A. implementation communication gap

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सही plan भी communication के बिना लागू नहीं होता। परीक्षा में communication को implementation की शर्त लिखें। / Even a correct plan is not implemented without communication. In exams, write communication as a condition of implementation.

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यदि planning process में feedback से premises, alternatives और budgets सुधारते हैं, तो कौन सा concept दिखता है?

If feedback in the planning process improves premises, alternatives and budgets, which concept is shown?

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A. planning as a feedback-based cycle

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feedback planning को निरंतर सुधार प्रक्रिया बनाता है। परीक्षा में follow-up को next cycle से जोड़ें। / Feedback makes planning a continuous improvement process. In exams, connect follow-up with the next cycle.

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नियोजन प्रक्रिया के expert समझ के अनुसार सबसे सही कथन कौन सा है?

According to expert understanding of the planning process, which statement is most correct?

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A. हर चरण अगले चरण की गुणवत्ता को प्रभावित करता है इसलिए objectives से follow-up तक पूरी chain मजबूत होनी चाहिएEvery step affects the quality of the next step so the full chain from objectives to follow-up must be strong

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Simple Explanation

planning process interconnected chain है। परीक्षा में sequence के साथ interdependence भी समझें। / The planning process is an interconnected chain. In exams, understand interdependence along with sequence.

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