Towards Civil Disobedience

Step 1: Purna Swaraj meant complete independence, not limited reforms. Step 2: The Lahore Session gave the national movement a clear goal. Step 3: In exams, distinguish complete independence from small constitutional changes.

Step 1: On this day, people took a pledge for complete independence. Step 2: It gave emotional strength and public support to the movement. Step 3: Remember the date together with its purpose.

Step 1: Salt was a daily necessity for both rich and poor. Step 2: The salt tax was unjust and easy for people to understand. Step 3: In exams, treat salt as a mass symbol.

Step 1: Civil disobedience meant peacefully breaking unjust laws. Step 2: By breaking the salt law, Gandhiji challenged British authority. Step 3: Remember the method: peaceful defiance, not violence.

Step 1: Gandhiji first kept the path of negotiation open. Step 2: The demands reflected problems of different social groups. Step 3: Remember this as political preparation before the movement.

Step 1: Gandhiji started the Dandi March from Sabarmati Ashram. Step 2: The march ended at Dandi where the salt law was broken. Step 3: For location questions, remember both the starting point and the destination.

Step 1: Gandhiji reached Dandi on the sea coast. Step 2: There he made salt and broke the law. Step 3: Connect Dandi directly with the Salt Satyagraha.

Step 1: Seventy-eight selected volunteers marched with Gandhiji. Step 2: Public support increased along the route. Step 3: Remember the number separately from the distance.

Step 1: The journey from Sabarmati to Dandi was about 240 miles. Step 2: The long march spread enthusiasm among people. Step 3: Link the distance with the purpose of the march.

Step 1: Non-Cooperation stressed refusal to cooperate. Step 2: Civil Disobedience also involved peaceful breaking of unjust laws. Step 3: Remember the difference in methods.

Step 1: Boycotting foreign cloth was a form of economic protest. Step 2: It encouraged swadeshi cloth and local production. Step 3: Understand boycott as an economic weapon too.

Step 1: Picketing liquor shops was linked with social reform. Step 2: It also protested against government revenue from liquor. Step 3: See such actions as both reform and resistance.

Step 1: Peasants were troubled by economic pressures. Step 2: In many areas, they protested against rent and taxes. Step 3: Link peasant participation with their economic problems.

Step 1: Forest communities were troubled by restrictions on their traditional rights. Step 2: They protested against forest-related controls. Step 3: Understand how local issues joined the national movement.

Step 1: Women joined processions and picketing. Step 2: This took the movement into homes and wider society. Step 3: Treat women's participation as a sign of mass movement.

Step 1: The government saw the movement as a challenge. Step 2: Many leaders and workers were arrested. Step 3: Link repression with the growing strength of the movement.

Step 1: Gandhiji's arrest increased anger and enthusiasm among people. Step 2: Protests intensified in many places. Step 3: Link the arrest with the spread of protest, not its end.

Step 1: The pact opened the path of negotiation. Step 2: Gandhiji agreed to attend the Second Round Table Conference. Step 3: Understand it as a temporary agreement, not complete independence.

Step 1: The Gandhi-Irwin Pact took place during the Civil Disobedience period. Step 2: After it, the movement was temporarily suspended. Step 3: Remember the names and periods of different agreements separately.

Step 1: Civil means polite and peaceful in method. Step 2: The movement openly challenged unjust laws. Step 3: Link the word civil with non-violent protest.

Step 1: Salt was needed by every family. Step 2: Tax on such a basic item burdened even the poor. Step 3: Treat the salt tax as an issue affecting all people.

Step 1: Jawaharlal Nehru presided over the Lahore Session. Step 2: In this session, Purna Swaraj became a major goal. Step 3: Remember the leader along with the session.

Step 1: The Lahore Session was held in December 1929. Step 2: After it, Independence Day was observed on 26 January 1930. Step 3: Link the year with Purna Swaraj.

Step 1: Gandhiji preferred a moral and peaceful approach before struggle. Step 2: Sending demands gave the government a chance to reform. Step 3: Understand it as careful preparation for the movement.

Step 1: Salt was needed by everyone. Step 2: So the demand to remove the salt tax was understandable to all classes. Step 3: Issues connected with daily life are important in exams.