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Subjects

Science

Hypothesis and experimentation

In Class 9 Science, within “Exploration: Entering the World of Secondary Science,” students learn how scientific questions can be turned into testable hypotheses. They examine the difference between an observation, an inference, and a prediction; identify variables and controls; plan fair experiments; and record evidence carefully. The topic develops skills in measuring, organizing data, interpreting results, recognizing sources of error, and drawing conclusions supported by evidence. Students also understand that experiments refine ideas rather than simply prove them.

Expert · Level 6 · 25 questions

Practice questions

01A student changes the measuring instrument after every trial. What problem may arise?

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02The hypothesis states that acidic water reduces seed germination. Which observation has the greatest potential to falsify it?

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03Why is writing the hypothesis before starting the experiment more scientific?

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04In a comparison one group of plants was taller even before the treatment began. What is the appropriate analysis?

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05Which experimental design would best test a dose-response relationship?

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06The student recording results wrote only measurements that agreed with the hypothesis. What type of bias is this?

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07A conclusion states that the results prove the hypothesis. Which is better scientific wording?

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08Why is a negative control used when testing a hypothesis?

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09For what purpose is a positive control used?

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10What is the main problem if an experimental outcome is measured only using words such as good or bad?

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11In which situation would external validity be most limited?

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12Repeated experimental results are very similar to one another but far from the true value. What can be said about the measurements?

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13When testing the effect of light what type of decision is giving the same amount of water to all groups?

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14A student hypothesises that a longer pendulum takes more time. Which prediction follows logically from this hypothesis?

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15A student rewrote the aim after the experiment when the expected trend was absent. Why is this practice scientifically weak?

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16Two different hypotheses predict the same result. What type of experiment is needed to distinguish between them?

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17While measuring plant growth the student sometimes measured to the highest leaf and sometimes to the top of the stem. What problem occurred?

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18A survey asked whether respondents agree that beneficial exercise should be done daily. Why is this question weak?

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19If increasing the sample size leaves the mean result nearly unchanged but reduces uncertainty what is the most appropriate interpretation?

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20Why is following safety rules an essential part of hypothesis testing in a laboratory?

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21Which principle is most appropriate when planning an experiment involving living organisms?

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22Under which circumstance is it scientifically appropriate to revise a hypothesis?

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23A student's conclusion is based only on the mean although individual measurements vary widely. What additional information is most needed?

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24Which is the most appropriate sequence for a good scientific investigation?

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25An experiment produced different mean results for two groups but each group contained only two samples. What is the most scientific next step?

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