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Subjects

Science

Hypothesis and experimentation

In Class 9 Science, within “Exploration: Entering the World of Secondary Science,” students learn how scientific questions can be turned into testable hypotheses. They examine the difference between an observation, an inference, and a prediction; identify variables and controls; plan fair experiments; and record evidence carefully. The topic develops skills in measuring, organizing data, interpreting results, recognizing sources of error, and drawing conclusions supported by evidence. Students also understand that experiments refine ideas rather than simply prove them.

Hard · Level 5 · 25 questions

Practice questions

01A student investigates whether fertilizer amount affects plant growth. If the pot with more fertilizer also receives more light what is the main problem?

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02A student obtains reaction times of twelve seconds twelve seconds and thirty seconds in three trials. What is the most appropriate next step?

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03A hypothesis states that sugar will dissolve faster as water temperature increases. Which improvement would make it more precise?

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04If repeated measurements are close to one another but far from the true value how should the results be described?

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05Seed germination was tested in two groups. One group had twenty seeds and the other had only two. What is the main weakness of the conclusion?

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06A student investigates the relationship between light intensity and photosynthesis rate. The distance between the lamp and plant is changed. Which direct variable changes when distance is reduced?

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07In an experiment there should be only one difference between the control group and test group. What is the main reason?

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08A student measures plant height at different times each day. What problem may this cause?

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09A scientific conclusion makes a claim broader than the data support. What can this error be called?

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10If all measurements in an experiment are consistently two units above the true value what type of error is this?

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11Only successful trials were reported in an experiment while unsuccessful trials were omitted. What problem would this cause?

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12A student tests friction by using different toy cars on different surfaces. What should be changed to make the experiment valid?

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13A student believes that plants with larger leaves will transpire more. What is the most suitable dependent variable in the test?

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14Two groups have the same mean result but one group has widely spread measurements. What does this indicate?

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15A student concludes that fertilizer increases plant growth because the treatment group was taller on average. What else is needed to strengthen the conclusion?

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16If no possible outcome can show that a hypothesis is wrong what is its main weakness?

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17A student tests enzyme activity at different temperatures but uses a different amount of enzyme in each sample. Which improvement is most necessary?

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18What is the purpose of a positive control in an experiment?

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19A student records only final plant height but not initial height when measuring growth. What is the main problem?

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20A temperature instrument records only whole-number values while small changes are expected. What is the main limitation?

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21A student tests the relationship between sound intensity and distance. Why is using a different room at each distance inappropriate?

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22If an experimental result changes greatly on repetition what should be reviewed first?

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23A student concludes that red light increases plant growth but used only one plant. What is the most appropriate evaluation?

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24In which situation can calculating the mean be misleading?

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25What is the main purpose of using a blind test in an investigation?

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