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What change came by seeing forests as economic resources in commercial forestry?
Correct answer: B
In commercial forestry, the colonial government viewed forests as sources of revenue and timber. Forests were therefore managed through planned felling and planting of commercially useful trees, with stronger government control over their use. Option A focuses on local needs, whereas commercial forestry primarily aimed at timber and revenue. Exam tip: link commercial forestry with timber, revenue, and state control.
How will you understand the rise of commercial forestry in market terms?
Correct answer: A
Under commercial forestry, the colonial government viewed forests mainly as sources of timber that could be sold in the market to earn revenue. Growing demand for railway sleepers, shipbuilding and construction strengthened this approach. Option B focuses on local needs, whereas commercial forestry focused on profit and timber supply. Exam tip: remember commercial forestry through the link: timber, market and profit.
Restriction of rights in reserved forests was linked with which state objective?
Correct answer: B
In reserved forests, the colonial state restricted activities such as grazing, collecting wood and shifting cultivation in order to control valuable timber and forest land, including timber needed for railways and ships. Therefore, the correct objective was state control over timber supply and forest areas. Increasing local self-sufficiency was not the aim. Exam tip: remember reserved forests as ‘state control + commercial timber’.
What was the main feature of ‘scientific forestry’ in colonial India?
Correct answer: A
Scientific forestry replaced diverse natural forests with orderly plantations of one commercially useful species, such as sal or teak. It aided timber supply but reduced biodiversity. Exam tip: link ‘one species’ with plantation forestry.
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