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Subjects

History

The Rise of Commercial Forestry

TOPIC PRACTICE

Quiz this set

Up to 20 questions from this page. Select your focus, then start.

20 questions
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Hard · Level 52 · food resources,medicinal plants,timber policy
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  1. Because policy centred on marketable timber and state revenue
  2. Because local food resources were never found in forests
  3. Because medicinal plants were used only in railways
  4. Because villagers did not need food
Hard · Level 52 · forest fires,plantation protection,commercial production
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  1. It was linked with protecting useful timber and planned plantations
  2. It was only a policy to stop village festivals
  3. It was a plan to turn forests into farms
  4. It was linked with ending the Forest Department
Hard · Level 52 · Forest Act 1865,Forest Act 1878,legal sequence
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  1. Development from beginning of state control to detailed classification and stricter limits on rights
  2. Development from local ownership to complete forest freedom
  3. Development from railway closure to abolition of the Forest Department
  4. Development from commercial forestry to protection of shifting cultivation
Hard · Level 52 · local knowledge,scientific forestry,records
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  1. Because they considered measurement, records and scientific plans more legitimate
  2. Because local people could not identify trees at all
  3. Because the government did not adopt any scientific method
  4. Because forest officials wanted to learn only animal rearing
Hard · Level 52 · state property,customary rights,permission
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  1. Traditional access of local communities became dependent on government permission
  2. Forest communities got all rights unconditionally
  3. Railways stopped using timber
  4. The economic importance of forests ended
Hard · Level 52 · forest artisans,raw materials,permits
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  1. Access to raw materials became limited by rules and permits
  2. They were made owners of every forest
  3. Their products were not affected at all
  4. They received railway sleepers for free
Hard · Level 52 · revenue policy,commercial forestry,colonial economy
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  1. Both linked local resources with state income and market needs
  2. Both always gave top priority to local rights
  3. Both never used laws
  4. Both considered forests economically unimportant
Hard · Level 52 · reserved forests,state monopoly,timber cutting
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  1. Because the aim was not to stop cutting but to create state monopoly over useful timber
  2. Because the government had no need for timber
  3. Because villagers received dividends from government cutting
  4. Because reserved forests had no trees
Hard · Level 52 · movement control,cutting cycle,scientific forestry
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  1. So plantations, cutting cycles and timber production plans were not disturbed
  2. So no trees remained in forests
  3. So villagers got all forests without limits
  4. So railways moved away from cities
Hard · Level 52 · local needs,railway timber,fuel fodder
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  1. Restricting fuel and fodder while increasing timber supply for railways
  2. Giving villagers free entry into all forests
  3. Making shifting cultivation the main basis of scientific forestry
  4. Making forest laws completely voluntary
Hard · Level 52 · Forest Department,community custom,state control
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  1. Shift from community custom to state-controlled regulated use
  2. Shift from state control to complete community freedom
  3. Shift from timber production to food gathering
  4. Shift from legal control to unlimited shifting cultivation
Hard · Level 52 · conservation critique,revenue,timber control
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  1. Because revenue, timber supply and control were central along with conservation
  2. Because it had no laws of any kind
  3. Because local people got full political rights in it
  4. Because railways had no connection with it
Hard · Level 52 · cutting cycle,planned production,timber supply
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  1. Running the forest like a planned production unit
  2. Leaving the forest completely untouched
  3. Making the forest only a religious site
  4. Making the forest private property of the village council
Hard · Level 52 · protected forests,reserved forests,classification
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  1. Because they were controlled but not always as strict as reserved forests
  2. Because they were completely outside government control
  3. Because they had no forest resources
  4. Because they were only homes of British soldiers
Hard · Level 52 · seasonal mobility,grazing,forest rules
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  1. Because rules were imposed on seasonal uses like grazing, gathering and shifting cultivation
  2. Because all communities received free railways
  3. Because the government kept forests open in every season
  4. Because the Forest Department abolished local travel tax
Hard · Level 52 · forest communities,planned timber,colonial policy
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  1. Because their livelihood practices clashed with planned timber production
  2. Because they built all British ships
  3. Because they had no connection with forests
  4. Because they were officials who made forest laws
Hard · Level 52 · profitable species,social impact,forest products
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  1. Availability of diverse forest products for local people declined
  2. Villagers gained more rights over all trees
  3. Food and medicinal plants became central to policy
  4. The local importance of forests was officially increased
Hard · Level 52 · reserved forests,local rights,historical conclusion
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  1. The government limited local rights to strictly control useful forests
  2. Local rights were most protected in reserved forests
  3. Reserved forests were private forests of local society
  4. The government stopped timber use in reserved forests
Hard · Level 52 · forest laws,discontent,subsistence resources
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  1. Placing subsistence resources under external administrative control
  2. Giving all forests to villagers for free
  3. Putting the Forest Department under local people
  4. Stopping revenue extraction from forests
Hard · Level 52 · colonial modernity,scientific technique,law
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  1. Because scientific technique and law were used for imperial profit
  2. Because it gave complete freedom to local society
  3. Because market and state had no role in it
  4. Because it left all forests in their natural form