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From the viewpoint of forest dwellers, what was the biggest negative effect of commercial forestry?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Reduced access to forest products and traditional uses

Correct answer: A. Forest dwellers depended on forests for fuel, food, fodder, fruits, leaves, medicines, grazing, and other livelihood needs. Commercial forestry introduced reserved forests, permits, restrictions, and rules that limited these customary activities. As access decreased, daily life and income became more difficult. A is correct because it expresses the direct loss experienced by forest communities. B is wrong because state control generally reduced their ownership and rights rather than giving them all forests. C is wrong because forest laws became stronger, not weaker. D is wrong because timber markets expanded under commercial forestry. Memory cue: for forest dwellers, restricted access meant threatened livelihood.

Related tags

Forest DwellersCommercial ForestryLivelihoodForest RightsThe Rise Of Commercial ForestryForest Society And ColonialismHistoryClass 9 Mcq

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