Work, age and gender

Men participation makes care a shared responsibility. In exams write change in gender roles.

Employees of different ages can contribute different work experience, fresh energy, technological awareness and approaches to problem-solving. When managed well, this supports knowledge-sharing, mentoring and better decisions, so age diversity is a workplace resource. Conflict is not inevitable; effective management can turn diversity into collaboration. Exam tip: In workplace-diversity questions, look for the benefit of combining experience with fresh perspectives.

The solution to safety is not stopping opportunity but providing safe access. In exams write safe training environment.

Intersectionality means that a person’s experience and opportunities at work are shaped by more than one identity or social position. Age, gender, class, caste, disability and other conditions can interact to create advantage or discrimination. Therefore, option B is correct. Option A is incorrect because it limits discrimination to a single factor. Exam tip: Look for phrases such as “combined” or “interconnected effects.”

Lower wage for equal qualification and work shows discrimination. In exams write equal pay principle.

Supportive workplace increases participation of diverse groups. In exams write inclusive facilities.

Gender justice means that household work should not be treated as the responsibility of only women or girls. When all family members share tasks according to their availability, age and ability, responsibilities and opportunities become more equal. Assigning cleaning only to daughters or exempting sons reinforces gender stereotypes. Exam tip: Look for fair sharing of domestic work as a key sign of gender justice.

Assuming that an older person is weak, dependent, or incapable solely because of age is an age stereotype. In reality, older people differ in physical ability, experience, skills, and independence. Active ageing promotes participation and capability in later life, so it is not the correct option. Exam tip: A generalised assumption based only on age is called an age stereotype.

Time poverty occurs when paid employment is combined with continuous unpaid domestic work such as cooking, cleaning and caring for children or other family members. This double workload leaves very little time for rest, learning skills, social participation and personal development. Options B, C and D indicate more available time or a reduced workload, so they do not create time poverty. Exam tip: define time poverty as a lack of personal time after essential work, not simply a lack of income.

Hazardous work can harm adolescents’ physical health, mental well-being, education and overall development. Preventing it helps them grow in safe conditions and access appropriate education or safe training. Stopping every form of skill training is not the aim; safe, age-appropriate training can be beneficial. Exam tip: When stating the effects of hazardous work, include health, education and development.

Granting leave to a father for newborn care recognises fatherhood in the workplace. It acknowledges that infant care is a shared responsibility of both parents, not only of the mother. Option C is the opposite because it treats the mother as solely responsible. Exam tip: Link family-friendly workplace policies with paternity leave and shared caregiving.

Technical skill is linked with ability not gender. In exams write non-stereotyped curriculum.

Social security may include pensions, health-care support, insurance and income assistance. It helps working older persons manage illness, uncertain earnings and financial risks in old age. Option B is the opposite of this purpose: social security supports income rather than stopping it. Exam tip: link social security with protection of income, health and dignified living.

Protection and benefits may be limited in the informal sector. In exams write insecure labour.

Gender budgeting gives fair resources according to needs. In exams write equality in policy.

Caring for children is essential work for the family and society. However, when it is done without wages or formal recognition, it is often not counted as work. Therefore, this is the issue of non-monetary care labour remaining invisible. Formal wage employment is different because it involves paid work. Exam tip: Link unpaid domestic and care activities with the idea of ‘invisible labour’.

Opportunities become inclusive when safety and equal access go together. In exams write safe inclusion.

A safe environment is created through responsibility of all employees. In exams write workplace dignity.

Work decisions should be based on ability and willingness. In exams write active ageing.

Children learn gender roles from observed behaviour. In exams write family as a centre of socialization.