Work, age and gender

When only paid or earning work is respected, tasks such as caring for children, older persons and sick members, cooking, and managing the home are treated as less important. Thus, the social value of care labour is undervalued. Option C describes the opposite situation, in which all forms of work receive equal respect. Exam tip: mention that care work supports daily family needs and members' well-being.

Lack of safety and care support reduces women continuity. In exams write retention factors.

Shared and respectful housework shows dignity of labour. In exams write dignity and equality.

The wish to work in old age should not automatically be seen as compulsion or as something that must end at a particular age. An older person should be offered an opportunity when they are capable, willing, and can work in a safe and suitable environment. Stopping someone solely because of age can be discriminatory. Exam tip: Look for options that emphasise capacity, choice, dignity, and safety.

Home-based work can also become exploitation under unfair payment. In exams write invisible labour.

Safe, accessible and affordable transport reduces a major barrier to reaching work for women, adolescent girls, elderly people and workers who live far from the workplace. It can reduce travel-time, safety and mobility difficulties, thereby improving participation in work. Options limited to managers or shop owners are incorrect because transport access supports many groups. Exam tip: link transport facilities with reducing ‘mobility barriers’ to work inclusion.

In mentoring, senior employees share experience, practical work knowledge and decision-making skills. Younger employees can also help seniors learn new technology, digital skills and fresh approaches. Therefore, mentoring promotes two-way learning and cooperation between age groups. Options B and C describe one-sided learning, whereas effective mentoring is reciprocal. Exam tip: Use terms such as ‘intergenerational learning’ and ‘knowledge sharing’.

Care and skill support are needed for return to work. In exams write return to work support.

Sensitive planning includes both equality and safety. In exams write inclusive work planning.

An inclusive approach recognizes contributions of every age and gender. In exams write equal opportunity and dignity.

Limiting career choice by gender is inequality. In exams connect career choice with interest and ability.

Safe skill learning with education is suitable for adolescents. In exams connect adolescent work with safety and education.

Excluding senior women shows inequality based on both age and gender. In exams identify double discrimination.

A time use diary shows the real burden of household and care work. In exams remember it as a way to measure invisible labour.

Learning diverse skills reduces gender based limits. In exams understand life skills as necessary for everyone.

Flexible time and child care balance family and work. In exams remember family friendly policy.

Denying opportunity because of motherhood is unfair discrimination. In exams connect motherhood penalty with unequal opportunity.

Fair evaluation is based on performance and quality. In exams connect evaluation with merit.

Training every age group promotes lifelong learning. In exams connect skill upgradation with age inclusion.

Work may include both paid and unpaid contribution. In exams keep the definition of work broad.