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History

Why Deforestation?

वनों की कटाई क्यों?

In this Class 9 History topic from “Forest Society and Colonialism,” students examine why forests were cleared and how colonial policies transformed forest use. They learn how railways, shipbuilding, commercial timber, plantations and expanding agriculture increased demand for wood and land. The topic also explores the effects on forest communities, shifting cultivators and pastoralists, including restrictions on customary rights, loss of livelihoods and resistance to state control. It helps students connect deforestation with colonial economic interests and social change.

TOPIC PRACTICE

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Up to 20 questions from this page. Select your focus, then start.

20 questions

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Hard · Level 51 · waste land colonial view revenue
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  1. It justified converting forests into cultivated and revenue yielding land
  2. It increased local rights over forests
  3. It stopped commercial plantations
  4. It stopped railway construction
Hard · Level 51 · agriculture expansion land revenue
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  1. Cultivation could increase land revenue
  2. Cultivation automatically increased forests
  3. Cultivation made railway sleepers
  4. Cultivation ended the need for ships
Hard · Level 51 · railway routes timber demand
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  1. Land had to be cleared for railway routes
  2. Railways only increased worship in forests
  3. Railways ended plantation farming
  4. Railways ended land tax
Hard · Level 51 · forest society and colonialism, deforestation, railway sleepers, timber demand, colonial forestry
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  1. It required a large, regular supply of strong and durable timber
  2. It was limited only to burning wood as household fuel
  3. It could be met without felling trees
  4. It increased the forest rights of local communities
Hard · Level 51 · british navy shipbuilding timber
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  1. Durable timber was needed to build strong ships
  2. The navy needed cotton
  3. Ships were not needed in India
  4. Timber had no relation with sea power
Hard · Level 51 · oak shortage indian timber
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  1. Britain used Indian timber more as an alternative for shipbuilding
  2. Britain stopped using timber
  3. All Indian forests became automatically protected
  4. Colonial trade ended
Hard · Level 51 · tea plantations land use
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  1. Forest land was turned into commercial production land for the market
  2. Forest land was left for local grazing
  3. Forest land was made only a sacred place
  4. Forest land was kept unchanged
Hard · Level 51 · coffee rubber export economy
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  1. Export and market based economy
  2. Only self sufficient domestic economy
  3. Complete forest conservation economy
  4. Fish farming economy
Hard · Level 51 · colonial forestry,deforestation,commercial interests,forest society,colonial revenue,plantations
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  1. The colonial state gained revenue, while merchants obtained timber and land for plantations
  2. The colonial state stopped the timber trade and completely protected forests
  3. Merchants stopped tree felling and plantation expansion to conserve forests
  4. Forests were left under community control, and local people received most of the benefits
Hard · Level 51 · livelihood forest produce
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  1. Sources of food fuel fodder and minor forest produce declined
  2. They got more sea trade
  3. They had no dependence on forests
  4. Deforestation made their life easier
Hard · Level 51 · fuel fodder rural economy
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  1. Both animal husbandry and household life could become difficult
  2. All animals increased automatically
  3. Need for fuel ended
  4. Fodder became free from the market
Hard · Level 51 · soil erosion environmental impact
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  1. It shows that economic policies have environmental consequences
  2. It shows that trees remove soil
  3. It is only geography and separate from history
  4. It is unrelated to the colonial economy
Hard · Level 51 · plantation agriculture export
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  1. Tea coffee and rubber were grown for the market
  2. Plantations were only for local festivals
  3. Plantations stopped foreign trade
  4. Plantations needed no land
Hard · Level 51 · construction urban demand
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  1. Need for both land and timber increased for construction
  2. Cities returned all forests
  3. Construction required no material
  4. Cities were built only in water
Hard · Level 51 · deforestation, colonialism, forest society, colonial revenue, railway timber, plantations, class 9 history
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  1. औपनिवेशिक राजस्व नीतियों, खेती के विस्तार, रेलों के लिए लकड़ी, बागानों और बाजार की मांग के संयुक्त प्रभाव का परिणाम
  2. मुख्यतः किसानों द्वारा अपनी निजी भूमि पर पेड़ काटने का परिणाम
  3. मुख्यतः सूखा, बाढ़ और अन्य प्राकृतिक आपदाओं का परिणाम
  4. वनों की रक्षा के लिए बनाई गई औपनिवेशिक संरक्षण नीतियों का परिणाम
Hard · Level 51 · commercial forestry valuable species
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  1. Focus on commercial value more than biodiversity
  2. Highest priority to local livelihood
  3. Giving equal local use to all trees
  4. Never touching forests
Hard · Level 51 · deforestation, pastoral communities, grazing land, fodder shortage, colonial forests, forest society
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  1. Livestock rearing and fodder arrangements could become difficult
  2. The grazing area available for animals could increase
  3. The need to graze animals could end
  4. Pastoral communities could settle only in cities
Hard · Level 51 · military naval strategic resource
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  1. Forests became strategic resources of imperial power
  2. Forests became only religious places
  3. Forests lost relation with the state
  4. Deforestation ended the navy
Hard · Level 51 · local knowledge forest use
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  1. Local people understood forest use and balance through experience
  2. Local people had no knowledge of forests
  3. Colonial officials always prioritised local interests
  4. Local knowledge ended timber demand
Hard · Level 51 · agricultural development misleading
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  1. Because it included revenue timber railways plantations and local loss
  2. Because agriculture had no relation with deforestation
  3. Because forest clearing benefited only forest dwellers
  4. Because there was no market in colonial rule