Coordination

Clear authority and responsibility help people work in the right direction. In exams, connect it with role clarity and harmony.

Implementing new technology requires integration of efforts of different teams. In exams, link multi-team work with coordination.

Good coordination ensures timely completion of work towards a common goal. In exams, remember timely integrated work as its result.

Coordination means creating harmony among different efforts. Exam tip: treat harmony and unity as key words.

This is an example of linking different tasks on time. Exam tip: connect school examples with coordination.

One important benefit of coordination is the prevention of duplication of work. When responsibilities, schedules and information are aligned, two employees or departments are less likely to perform the same task unnecessarily. Therefore, option D is correct. A common goal, unity of action and clear communication are not problems that coordination prevents; they are conditions or results that coordination promotes. Option A gives the purpose that guides coordinated effort. Option B describes the unity created by coordination. Option C is an important supporting mechanism for coordination. By clarifying who does what and when, coordination reduces wasted effort, overlapping authority and avoidable delays.

Departments working in different directions show lack of coordination. Exam tip: take goal conflict as a clue.

When employees increase their efforts must be brought in one direction. Exam tip: remember large size as a reason.

Coordination is required at all managerial levels—top, middle and lower—because activities and departmental efforts must be harmonised at each level. Therefore, option D is correct. Option A is incorrect because coordination is not limited to top managers; middle-level managers and supervisors also perform it. Exam tip: remember coordination as a pervasive function of management.

Coordination increases cooperation and understanding. Exam tip: treat cooperative environment as its positive result.

Coordination is a deliberate effort because managers consciously arrange activities, communication, timing and responsibilities to create unity of action. It does not arise accidentally when departments simply happen to work together. Therefore, option B is correct. Option A is the opposite of the managerial concept. Option C is too narrow because coordination connects personal, departmental and organisational efforts rather than involving only one person. Option D is also incorrect because coordination seeks order, compatibility and a common direction. Although coordination may operate continuously and sometimes informally, it still involves purposeful attempts to harmonise work and achieve organisational objectives.

Coordination is a continuous process that operates from the beginning of organisational work until its completion. Hence, it does not end while work is still in progress. Planning, staffing, and goal-setting are separate management functions; coordination is still needed afterwards to harmonise the efforts of departments and employees. Exam tip: remember coordination as a pervasive and continuous function of management.

Mismatch between demand and production shows lack of coordination. Exam tip: remember the link between production and sales.

Coordination integrates efforts of people and departments. Exam tip: consider human efforts important.

Specialists work in different areas so their work must be linked. Exam tip: write specialisation as a reason for coordination.

Coordination is required in every function of management because each function must support and connect with the others. During planning, objectives and actions must be aligned. During organising, authority, responsibility and departmental activities must fit together. During controlling, actual performance is compared with plans and corrective action must be coordinated. Hence option B, “in none,” is correct. Option A, C and D each name functions in which coordination is essential, so none of them can be selected. The question tests the all-pervasive nature of coordination: it is not a separate activity needed only occasionally, but an integrating force present throughout managerial work.

Coordination directs employees efforts toward organisational goals. Exam tip: remember direction of efforts.

Different roles working together show coordination. Exam tip: identify multi-department examples like hospitals.

Coordination establishes unity of action. Exam tip: treat unity of action as the main objective.

Coordination requires people and teams to connect their activities through communication and a shared direction. Having the same goal is not enough if the teams keep information to themselves. Without relevant information, one team may repeat work, miss a deadline, use incompatible methods, or make a decision that harms the other team. Information sharing therefore supports harmony and integration.

Option B is correct because the situation directly shows weak coordination. Building safety and banking are unrelated to the organisational difficulty described, while depreciation is an accounting concept concerning the reduction in value of an asset. The key clue is that the teams do not share information. Better communication can help them synchronise actions and work toward the common goal without unnecessary conflict or duplication.