Work, careers and livelihood

A single unstable source weakens livelihood during crisis. In exams connect vulnerability with risk and security.

Preparation and reliable information help in uncertainty. In exams connect backup plan with career resilience.

Career development does not depend only on individual ability. In exams connect structural barriers with opportunity.

Accountability includes review of outcomes and improvement. In exams connect accountability with quality improvement.

Ethical use of networking is necessary. In exams write the difference between networking and favouritism.

A skill gap is the difference between an employee’s present skills and the skills needed to perform a job effectively. Comparing these two sets of competencies identifies the specific training or development required. A list of educational qualifications alone does not show actual job-related competence. Exam tip: Link ‘current versus required competence’ with skill-gap analysis.

Quality should be checked along with sales. In exams treat customer feedback as an improvement tool.

Low self-efficacy means having less belief in one’s ability to perform a task successfully. As a result, a person may put in less effort, give up sooner, and show reduced persistence in difficult career tasks. Option A is the opposite, because challenges are usually perceived as harder when self-efficacy is low. Exam tip: remember self-efficacy as belief in one’s ability to succeed at a task.

Safety and confidentiality are very important in child care. In exams connect child care with ethics.

Natural capital becomes the base of many livelihoods. In exams connect natural capital with resources.

Unclear conditions can weaken a worker. In exams connect contract clarity with worker protection.

Work needs can change across life stages. In exams connect life cycle with career planning.

Credit is useful only when there is planning and repayment capacity. In exams connect credit with risk management.

In horizontal mobility, a person moves to another role, department, or field at a broadly similar level rather than receiving a major promotion. It is strategic when the new area uses existing skills better, builds useful new skills, and improves future career opportunities. Changing fields without a purpose is not a strategic move. Exam tip: identify horizontal mobility as a planned move at a similar level, not as promotion.

Professional boundaries protect trust and ethics. In exams connect boundaries with counselling ethics.

Access to learning affects career progress. In exams connect training access with equality.

Data-based decision reduces risk. In exams connect evidence-based decision with planning.

Psychological safety improves learning and improvement. In exams connect psychological safety with open communication.

Automation can transfer routine tasks to machines or software, changing job roles and the skills required. Reskilling and learning new technology help a person adapt to changing employment needs and access new opportunities. Relying only on old skills is not suitable because it can make adaptation in a changing workplace difficult. Exam tip: For questions about automation, choose options related to adaptation, continuous learning, and skill development.

Value chain shows opportunities for enterprise improvement. In exams connect it with cost and value addition.