Fayol vs Taylor

Correct answer: A. Fayol

The correct answer is Fayol. His administrative approach addressed the general management of an organisation, and his principles include authority and responsibility.

Correct answer: B. Taylor

The correct answer is Taylor. Scientific management studies work tasks systematically to find efficient methods; work measurement is part of this task-level approach.

Correct answer: A. Unity of command

The correct answer is unity of command. Fayol’s principle states that an employee should receive orders from one superior, helping avoid conflicting instructions.

Correct answer: B. Unity of command

The correct answer is unity of command. Fayol’s principle calls for an employee to receive orders from one superior, whereas Taylor’s functional foremanship uses several specialist foremen, which can create conflicting instructions.

Correct answer: A. Because Fayol focused on general administration

The correct answer is that Fayol focused on general administration. Organisational policy and coordination are broad management concerns, unlike Taylor’s main focus on improving work methods and efficiency at the task level.

Correct answer: A. Because it concerns scientific efficiency at the task level

The correct answer is that it concerns scientific efficiency at the task level. Taylor’s scientific management used work study, including time study, to set standard times and improve task performance.

Correct answer: B. Fayol

The correct answer is B, Fayol. Fayol’s principles are general guidelines that managers can adapt to the needs and circumstances of an organisation.

Correct answer: B. Taylor

The correct answer is B, Taylor. Scientific management calls for studying work systematically and replacing rule-of-thumb methods with methods based on analysis and evidence.

Correct answer: A. Fayol’s approach covered management as a whole

The correct answer is A. Fayol developed general principles of management for the organisation as a whole, whereas Taylor’s work focused more directly on scientific management of shop-floor tasks and productivity.

Correct answer: B. Fayol

The correct answer is B, Fayol. The scalar chain is Fayol’s formal line of authority; the gang plank is a permitted shortcut for communication between employees at the same level, subject to appropriate approval.

Correct answer: B. Taylor

The correct answer is B, Taylor. In the standard Class 12 presentation, method study and fatigue study are listed among the techniques of scientific management associated with Taylor; they examine how work can be organised more efficiently and how unnecessary worker fatigue can be reduced.

Correct answer: A. Fayol’s general management principles

The correct answer is A. Discipline and order are among Fayol’s general principles of management, which can be applied in different kinds of organisations, including service organisations.

Correct answer: A. Fayol

The correct answer is A, because the question asks which thinker Taylor’s approach is being contrasted with. Eliminating unnecessary motions is associated with Taylor’s motion study, while Fayol is associated with general management principles.

Correct answer: A. Fayol and general management

The correct answer is A. Fayol’s general management principles address the organisation as a whole and serve as guidelines that can be adapted to different circumstances. Time and motion studies are associated with Taylor, not Fayol.

Correct answer: B. Taylor

The correct answer is B, Taylor. Taylor’s differential piece-rate system links wages to output: workers meeting or exceeding the standard receive a higher rate per unit than those producing below the standard.

Correct answer: A. Fayol’s unity of command and its contrast with Taylor’s functional foremanship

The correct answer is A. Fayol’s unity of command means that an employee should receive orders from one superior. Taylor’s functional foremanship assigns different supervisory functions to different specialists, so it contrasts with this single-superior principle.

Correct answer: B. Board level—Fayol; shop floor—Taylor

The correct answer is B. Fayol’s work concerns general and administrative management, which includes broad organisational policy. Taylor’s scientific management focuses on shop-floor tasks; time study is one of its techniques.

Correct answer: A. Fayol’s area is represented, but Taylor’s task-study approach is not

The correct answer is A. General administrative policy fits Fayol’s broad management perspective. Taylor is associated with the scientific study and improvement of work methods, which the example says was not done.

Correct answer: A. Taylor’s focus is represented, but Fayol’s principle is not

The correct answer is A. Time study is a technique of Taylor’s scientific management. Fayol’s principles include the relationship between authority and responsibility, which the example does not address.

Correct answer: A. Fayol focused on general organisational management, while Taylor focused on improving task efficiency

The correct answer is A. Fayol developed a broad administrative approach to managing an organisation, whereas Taylor’s scientific management concentrated on analysing and improving work tasks and efficiency.

Correct answer: A. Fayol’s approach is described as top-down, while Taylor’s is described as bottom-up

The correct answer is A. In the commonly taught comparison, Fayol’s principles are presented from the perspective of general and higher-level administration, while Taylor’s approach begins with observing and improving work at the operational level. This is a simplified comparison, not an absolute rule.

Correct answer: B. Taylor, because it is functional foremanship

The correct answer is B. Taylor’s functional foremanship assigns specialised supervisory roles to different foremen. It is distinct from Fayol’s scalar chain, which refers to the line of authority in an organisation.

Correct answer: B. Taylor

The correct answer is B. Both the search for the ‘one best way’ and the differential piece-rate system are associated with Taylor’s scientific management. The wage system pays different rates according to whether workers meet the specified standard of output.

Correct answer: A. Fayol

The direct answer is Fayol, option A. Fayol studied general or administrative management: organisation structure, authority, responsibility, coordination and the arrangement of departments. An organisation chart shows who reports to whom and how authority flows, so improving it is mainly an administrative change. Taylor mainly studied scientific management of work at the shop-floor level, such as standard methods, time study, motion study and production efficiency. Option A is correct because structure is Fayol’s clue. Option B is less suitable because Taylor’s main clue is improving the method and speed of performing a job, not designing the whole hierarchy. Option C is wrong because Gilbreth is especially associated with motion study and reducing unnecessary movements. Option D is wrong because Gantt is associated with the Gantt chart and incentive plans, not primarily organisation charts. The unchanged production method is an important clue: the case changes structure, not work technique. Memory cue: Fayol means “whole organisation”; Taylor means “work method.”

Correct answer: B. Taylor’s scientific management

The correct answer is B. Analysing and reducing unnecessary motions is a shop-floor scientific-management activity, so it fits Taylor’s framework in this comparison. More specifically, motion-study work is especially associated with Frank and Lillian Gilbreth; the question identifies the broader framework, not sole authorship of motion study.