100 results found for "vector replication" in all classes.
Which feature is most directly linked with vector replication?
A. Ori
Ori replication initiation का स्थान है। यह vector copy formation से सीधे जुड़ा है। / Ori is the site of replication initiation. It is directly linked with vector copy formation.
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What happens if a cloning vector lacks an origin of replication?
A. Host में vector की प्रतियाँ बनना कठिन होगाIt will be difficult for the vector to make copies in host
Origin of replication vector replication के लिए आवश्यक है। इसके बिना cloning में DNA copies नहीं बढ़ेंगी। / Origin of replication is needed for vector replication. Without it DNA copies will not increase in cloning.
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Why should origin of replication be protected in restriction digestion?
B. क्योंकि plasmid replication के लिए जरूरी हैBecause it is necessary for plasmid replication
Origin खराब होने पर plasmid host में replicate नहीं करेगा। इसलिए vector map देखकर enzyme चुनें। / If the origin is damaged the plasmid will not replicate in host. Therefore choose enzyme using vector map.
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Why is the origin of replication important in a vector?
A. वेक्टर की प्रतियाँ बनने के लिएFor making copies of the vector
प्रतिकृति उद्गम से वेक्टर मेजबान कोशिका में प्रतिलिपि बना सकता है। जीन क्लोनिंग में यह आवश्यक विशेषता है। / The origin of replication lets the vector copy itself in the host cell. It is an essential feature for gene cloning.
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How can empty vector and recombinant vector be distinguished in a competent host?
A. Screening methods सेBy screening methods
Screening methods insert presence identify करती हैं। Selection केवल vector uptake दिखा सकती है। / Screening methods identify insert presence. Selection may only show vector uptake.
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Which option distinguishes an empty vector from a recombinant vector?
A. Recombinant vector में insert होता हैRecombinant vector has insert
Recombinant vector में desired insert DNA जुड़ा होता है। Empty vector में desired insert नहीं होता। / A recombinant vector has the desired insert DNA joined. An empty vector lacks the desired insert.
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What is one simple difference between a cloning vector and an expression vector?
A. क्लोनिंग vector copy बनाता है और expression vector product बनवाता हैCloning vector makes copies and expression vector helps make product
Cloning vector का लक्ष्य DNA copies बढ़ाना है। Expression vector gene product बनवाने के लिए design हो सकता है। / The aim of a cloning vector is to increase DNA copies. An expression vector can be designed to produce gene product.
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Which option distinguishes recombinant vector from empty vector?
A. Recombinant vector में insert DNA होता हैRecombinant vector has insert DNA
Recombinant vector में foreign insert जुड़ा होता है। Empty vector में desired insert नहीं होता। / A recombinant vector has a foreign insert joined. An empty vector lacks the desired insert.
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What is a simple difference between expression vector and cloning vector?
A. Expression vector gene product बनवाने में मदद करता हैExpression vector helps produce gene product
Cloning vector DNA की copies बनाने के लिए होता है। Expression vector gene expression और product formation में मदद करता है। / A cloning vector is for making DNA copies. An expression vector helps gene expression and product formation.
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Which part is needed for independent replication inside the host in a cloning vector?
B. ओरीOri
ओरी प्रतिकृति शुरू करने का स्थान है। इसके बिना वेक्टर की प्रतियाँ बनना कठिन होगा। / Ori is the site where replication starts. Without it vector copy formation becomes difficult.
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Which option links ligase role with both replication and cloning?
A. Okazaki fragments और vector-insert joiningOkazaki fragments and vector-insert joining
Replication में ligase Okazaki fragments जोड़ता है और cloning में vector-insert जोड़ता है। यही दो मुख्य contexts हैं। / In replication ligase joins Okazaki fragments and in cloning it joins vector-insert. These are two main contexts.
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DNA ligase is especially linked with which strand in replication?
A. पिछड़ा तंतुLagging strand
DNA ligase lagging strand के Okazaki fragments को जोड़ता है। यह replication MCQs में अक्सर पूछा जाता है। / DNA ligase joins Okazaki fragments of the lagging strand. This is often asked in replication MCQs.
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Why is ligase mainly needed in DNA replication?
B. Okazaki fragments को जोड़ने के लिएTo join Okazaki fragments
Replication में lagging strand पर Okazaki fragments बनते हैं। Ligase उन्हें जोड़कर continuous strand बनाता है। / In replication Okazaki fragments form on the lagging strand. Ligase joins them to make a continuous strand.
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Which option gives the correct output of ligase in replication?
A. continuous lagging strand
Ligase Okazaki fragments जोड़कर lagging strand को continuous बनाता है। यह replication में essential role है। / Ligase joins Okazaki fragments to make the lagging strand continuous. This is an essential role in replication.
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What does DNA ligase do in replication?
A. Okazaki fragments को join करता हैJoins Okazaki fragments
Replication में DNA ligase Okazaki fragments को join करता है। यह lagging strand को continuous बनाता है। / In replication DNA ligase joins Okazaki fragments. It makes the lagging strand continuous.
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Why can empty vector formation decrease when restriction-cut vector has two different ends?
A. ends आपस में easily compatible नहीं होतेEnds are not easily compatible with each other
दो अलग ends vector self-closing को कम कर सकते हैं। Insert correct orientation में जोड़ने में मदद मिलती है। / Two different ends can reduce vector self-closing. They help join insert in correct orientation.
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Which vector feature can reduce vector loss during repeated subculture?
A. Selectable marker with selection
Selection marker और selection condition vector-containing cells को बनाए रखने में मदद करते हैं। इससे vector loss घट सकता है। / A selection marker and selection condition help maintain vector-containing cells. This can reduce vector loss.
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Which part allows a vector to replicate in a host?
A. Origin of replication
Origin of replication vector replication का जरूरी start point है। इसे ori भी कहते हैं। / Origin of replication is the necessary start point for vector replication. It is also called ori.
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What is the importance of origin of replication in genetic engineering?
B. यह वाहक को मेजबान में प्रतिकृति बनाने में मदद करता हैIt helps the vector replicate inside the host
मूल प्रतिकृति स्थल से वाहक डीएनए की प्रतियाँ बनती हैं। परीक्षा में इसे प्लास्मिड की प्रतिकृति से जोड़ें। / Origin of replication allows copies of vector DNA to form. For exams connect it with plasmid replication.
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What is the benefit of a broad host range vector?
A. कई host species में काम कर सकता हैIt can work in many host species
Broad host range vector कई bacterial hosts में replicate हो सकता है। यह versatile cloning में मदद करता है। / A broad host range vector can replicate in many bacterial hosts. It helps in versatile cloning.
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Which option correctly describes host and vector relation?
A. Host vector को replicate कराने में machinery देता हैHost provides machinery for vector replication
Host cell vector replication और maintenance में मदद करती है। इसलिए host-vector compatibility जरूरी है। / Host cell helps in vector replication and maintenance. Therefore host-vector compatibility is important.
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In which condition is vector-host compatibility poor?
A. Vector ori host में काम नहीं करताVector ori does not work in host
Ori को host replication machinery के साथ काम करना चाहिए। Compatibility खराब होने पर vector replicate नहीं करेगा। / Ori must work with the host replication machinery. If compatibility is poor the vector will not replicate.
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Which option is a correct goal of cloning vector design?
A. Replication selection और insertion को आसान बनानाMaking replication selection and insertion easy
Vector design में ori marker और cloning site जैसे elements रखे जाते हैं। ये cloning को efficient बनाते हैं। / Vector design includes elements like ori marker and cloning site. These make cloning efficient.
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How do copies of desired DNA increase through a cloning vector?
A. Vector host में replicate होता हैVector replicates in the host
Insert vector के साथ host में replicate होता है। इस तरह desired DNA की copies बढ़ती हैं। / The insert replicates with the vector in the host. In this way copies of desired DNA increase.
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Which option gives the correct relation between host cell and vector?
A. Host vector को replicate कर सकता हैHost can replicate the vector
Host cell vector की replication machinery उपलब्ध कराती है। इसलिए vector-host compatibility जरूरी है। / The host cell provides replication machinery for the vector. Therefore vector-host compatibility is important.
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A vector has a selectable marker but no ori. What problem will occur in the host?
A. Vector की replication कठिन होगीVector replication will be difficult
Ori replication का start point है। Ori न होने पर vector की copies नहीं बन पाएँगी। / Ori is the start point of replication. Without ori vector copies cannot be made.
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Which option is related to vector and host compatibility?
A. Vector का ori host में काम करना चाहिएVector ori should work in the host
Vector का origin host की replication machinery से compatible होना चाहिए। तभी vector replicate कर पाएगा। / The vector origin should be compatible with host replication machinery. Only then can the vector replicate.
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Which experimental record would make replication easiest?
B. उपकरण सामग्री मात्रा चरण चर और सुरक्षा सहित पूरा विवरणComplete details including apparatus materials quantities steps variables and safety
पूर्ण विधि और परिस्थितियाँ दूसरे व्यक्ति को वही प्रयोग दोहराने देती हैं। परीक्षा में विस्तृत प्रक्रिया को पुनरुत्पादन से जोड़ें। / A complete method and conditions allow another person to repeat the same experiment. In exams connect a detailed procedure with reproducibility.
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What problem will occur in DNA replication if ligase is absent?
A. पिछड़े तंतु के खंड जुड़े नहीं रहेंगेFragments on lagging strand will not remain joined
Ligase absent होने पर Okazaki fragments ठीक से नहीं जुड़ेंगे। इससे lagging strand incomplete रहेगा। / If ligase is absent Okazaki fragments will not join properly. The lagging strand will remain incomplete.
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What is one important role of ligase in DNA replication?
A. नए डीएनए खंडों के बीच निक को बंद करनाSealing nicks between new DNA fragments
लाइगेज डीएनए रीढ़ में निक को बंद करता है। इससे नया डीएनए तंतु अधिक स्थिर और निरंतर बनता है। / Ligase seals nicks in the DNA backbone. This makes the new DNA strand more stable and continuous.
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What is the risk if vector is too much and insert is low?
A. empty vector colonies बढ़ सकती हैंEmpty vector colonies can increase
Low insert availability vector self-ligation या empty colonies का chance बढ़ा सकती है। Ratio optimize करें। / Low insert availability can increase chance of vector self-ligation or empty colonies. Optimize ratio.
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What is a possible result of host-vector incompatibility?
A. Vector maintain नहीं होगाVector will not be maintained
Vector elements host में काम नहीं करेंगे तो plasmid stable नहीं रहेगा। Compatibility cloning का key point है। / If vector elements do not work in the host the plasmid will not stay stable. Compatibility is a key point in cloning.
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What does host range mean for a cloning vector?
A. वेक्टर किन hosts में काम कर सकता हैIn which hosts the vector can work
Host range vector की compatibility बताता है। Broad host range vector कई hosts में काम कर सकता है। / Host range indicates vector compatibility. A broad host range vector can work in many hosts.
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In which vector is the aim of producing gene product clearer?
A. Expression vector
Expression vector gene expression और product formation के लिए design होता है। Cloning vector mainly copies बनवाता है। / An expression vector is designed for gene expression and product formation. A cloning vector mainly makes copies.
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In which case can a simple cloning vector be sufficient?
A. जब केवल DNA copies चाहिएWhen only DNA copies are needed
Simple cloning vector DNA की copies बनाने के लिए useful है। Gene product चाहिए तो expression vector बेहतर हो सकता है। / A simple cloning vector is useful for making DNA copies. If gene product is needed an expression vector may be better.
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If a vector is very large what may happen to transformation?
A. Transformation कम आसान हो सकता हैTransformation may become less easy
बहुत बड़े vectors को host में introduce करना कठिन हो सकता है। इसलिए small size common vector feature है। / Very large vectors can be difficult to introduce into a host. Therefore small size is a common vector feature.
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Which vector is more linked with the purpose of making DNA copies only?
A. Cloning vector
Cloning vector का मुख्य उद्देश्य insert DNA की copies बनवाना होता है। Expression vector gene product बनवाने पर केंद्रित हो सकता है। / The main purpose of a cloning vector is making copies of insert DNA. An expression vector can focus on producing a gene product.
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When is a promoter more important in a cloning vector?
A. जब insert gene को express कराना होWhen the insert gene needs to be expressed
Expression vectors में promoter gene expression के लिए जरूरी होता है। केवल cloning vector में मुख्य focus DNA copy बनाना होता है। / In expression vectors promoter is needed for gene expression. In simple cloning vectors the main focus is making DNA copies.
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What is usually done to a vector before inserting an insert?
A. उसे restriction enzyme से काटा जाता हैIt is cut with a restriction enzyme
Vector को उचित restriction site पर काटकर insert के लिए जगह बनाई जाती है। फिर ligase joining करता है। / The vector is cut at a suitable restriction site to create space for the insert. Then ligase joins it.
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Torque of a dipole in a uniform field is related to vector product of which two vector quantities?
A. द्विध्रुव आघूर्ण और विद्युत क्षेत्रDipole moment and electric field
द्विध्रुव पर बल आघूर्ण एक सदिश राशि है। / Torque on a dipole is a vector quantity.
इसका संबंध द्विध्रुव आघूर्ण और विद्युत क्षेत्र के सदिश गुणन से है। / It is related to vector product of dipole moment and electric field.
इसी से परिमाण और दिशा दोनों समझे जाते हैं। / This explains both magnitude and direction.
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Torque of a dipole in a uniform field is related to vector product of which two vector quantities?
A. द्विध्रुव आघूर्ण और विद्युत क्षेत्रDipole moment and electric field
द्विध्रुव पर बल आघूर्ण एक सदिश राशि है। / Torque on a dipole is a vector quantity.
इसका संबंध द्विध्रुव आघूर्ण और विद्युत क्षेत्र के सदिश गुणन से है। / It is related to vector product of dipole moment and electric field.
इसी से परिमाण और दिशा दोनों समझे जाते हैं। / This explains both magnitude and direction.
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What is the main advantage of a broad host range vector?
A. यह कई species में replicate हो सकता हैIt can replicate in many species
Broad host range vector अधिक host options देता है। यह flexible cloning work में उपयोगी हो सकता है। / A broad host range vector gives more host options. It can be useful in flexible cloning work.
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A vector has a marker but no ori. What problem will occur in host?
B. Vector copies बनना कठिन होगाVector copy formation will be difficult
Ori vector replication के लिए जरूरी है। इसके बिना vector की copies नहीं बन पाएँगी। / Ori is required for vector replication. Without it vector copies will not be made.
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Which part can affect vector copy number?
A. ओरीOri
Ori replication control से जुड़ा होता है। इसलिए यह vector copy number को प्रभावित कर सकता है। / Ori is linked with replication control. Therefore it can affect vector copy number.
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Why is a host cell needed for a vector?
A. वेक्टर और इंसर्ट की प्रतियाँ बनाने के लिएTo make copies of vector and insert
Host cell vector को replicate करने की cellular machinery देती है। इससे desired DNA की copies बनती हैं। / A host cell provides cellular machinery to replicate the vector. This makes copies of desired DNA.
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What happens if the vector ori is not compatible with the host?
A. Vector replication fail हो सकती हैVector replication may fail
Ori को host की replication system के साथ काम करना चाहिए। Compatibility न हो तो vector copies नहीं बनेंगी। / Ori must work with the host replication system. Without compatibility vector copies will not form.
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Which vector part is most directly responsible for making copies?
A. Ori
Ori vector replication का starting point है। यह copy number और replication ability से जुड़ा है। / Ori is the starting point of vector replication. It is linked with copy number and replication ability.
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What happens if the ori of a vector does not work?
A. वेक्टर की प्रतियाँ बनना घटेगाVector copy formation will decrease
Ori के बिना vector host में efficiently replicate नहीं कर पाएगा। इससे cloning yield घट सकती है। / Without ori the vector cannot replicate efficiently in the host. This can reduce cloning yield.
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The idea of ori in a cloning vector is related to what?
A. प्रतिकृति का आरंभStart of replication
ओरी वह स्थान है जहाँ से vector replication शुरू हो सकती है। परीक्षा में ori को replication start point याद रखें। / Ori is the site from which vector replication can start. In exams remember ori as the replication start point.
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Which part of a cloning vector can affect DNA copy number?
A. ओरीOri
Ori replication control से जुड़ा होता है। इसलिए यह vector copy number को प्रभावित कर सकता है। / Ori is related to replication control. Therefore it can affect vector copy number.
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What is an essential feature of a good cloning vector?
A. होस्ट में प्रतिकृति बना सकेIt can replicate in host
अच्छे वेक्टर को होस्ट कोशिका में अपनी प्रतियाँ बनानी चाहिए। इसके लिए ओरी जरूरी होता है। / A good vector should make copies in the host cell. Ori is needed for this.
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What is the importance of ori in a cloning vector?
B. यह प्रतिकृति शुरू करने का स्थान हैIt is the site for starting replication
ओरी प्रतिकृति का आरंभ स्थल होता है। बिना ओरी वेक्टर होस्ट में अपनी प्रतियाँ ठीक से नहीं बना पाएगा। / Ori is the origin of replication. Without ori the vector cannot properly make copies in the host.
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Which feature should a good cloning vector have?
A. प्रतिकृति उद्गमOrigin of replication
प्रतिकृति उद्गम से वेक्टर की प्रतियाँ बनती हैं। अच्छे वेक्टर में यह गुण आवश्यक होता है। / The origin of replication allows the vector to make copies. This feature is essential in a good vector.
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How can uncut vector background be reduced?
A. complete digestion और gel purification सेBy complete digestion and gel purification
Complete digestion vector को linearizes करती है और gel purification uncut plasmid हटाता है। इससे background घटता है। / Complete digestion linearizes vector and gel purification removes uncut plasmid. This reduces background.
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What precaution is needed while cutting vector band from gel after restriction digestion?
A. पास की unwanted band से बचनाAvoiding nearby unwanted band
गलत band काटने से wrong DNA purify हो सकता है। Band identity ladder और map से confirm करें। / Cutting the wrong band can purify wrong DNA. Confirm band identity with ladder and map.
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For ligating a dephosphorylated vector what should the insert have?
A. phosphate group
Ligase phosphodiester bond बनाने के लिए phosphate की जरूरत रखता है। Insert phosphate joining में मदद करता है। / Ligase needs phosphate to form phosphodiester bond. Insert phosphate helps joining.
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Why is dephosphorylation done in a restriction-cut vector?
A. self-ligation कम करने के लिएTo reduce self-ligation
Phosphate हटाने से vector ends का self-joining कम हो सकता है। इससे insert-containing clones की संभावना बढ़ती है। / Removing phosphate can reduce self-joining of vector ends. This increases chance of insert-containing clones.
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What does vector self-ligation mean?
A. vector ends का insert बिना आपस में जुड़नाVector ends joining each other without insert
Self-ligation empty vector colonies दे सकती है। Dephosphorylation या directional cloning इसे घटाती है। / Self-ligation can give empty vector colonies. Dephosphorylation or directional cloning reduces it.
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Why is insert and vector ratio set after restriction digestion?
A. recombinant ligation chance बढ़ाने के लिएTo increase chance of recombinant ligation
सही insert-vector ratio recombinant clones बढ़ा सकता है। बहुत गलत ratio cloning efficiency घटा सकता है। / Correct insert-vector ratio can increase recombinant clones. A very wrong ratio can reduce cloning efficiency.
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Why is a restriction-cut vector purified before ligation?
A. buffer enzyme और small fragments हटाने के लिएTo remove buffer enzyme and small fragments
Purification ligation inhibitors कम करती है। Clean vector ends recombinant DNA formation में मदद करते हैं। / Purification reduces ligation inhibitors. Clean vector ends help recombinant DNA formation.
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Why is it useful to check selectable marker in a vector map before restriction digestion?
A. marker को damage होने से बचाने के लिएTo avoid damaging the marker
Selectable marker transformants की पहचान में मदद करता है। उसे काटने से selection fail हो सकती है। / A selectable marker helps identify transformants. Cutting it can cause selection failure.
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What problem occurs if the chosen enzyme cuts inside an essential vector gene?
D. vector function खराब हो सकता हैVector function can be damaged
Vector के origin या marker जैसे जरूरी हिस्से बचने चाहिए। गलत cut vector को useless बना सकता है। / Essential parts such as origin or marker of a vector must be protected. A wrong cut can make the vector useless.
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Why is an enzyme chosen that cuts a vector at only one place in cloning?
C. vector को controlled तरीके से खोलने के लिएTo open the vector in a controlled way
एक unique cut site vector को एक स्थान पर linearize करती है। इससे insert जोड़ना आसान होता है। / A unique cut site linearizes the vector at one position. This makes insert joining easier.
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Why is preserving vector backbone important in restriction digestion?
A. origin और marker जैसे जरूरी elements बचाने के लिएTo keep essential elements like origin and marker
Vector backbone में replication origin और selectable marker होते हैं। गलत cutting vector function खराब कर सकती है। / Vector backbone contains replication origin and selectable marker. Wrong cutting can damage vector function.
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Why are both vector and insert cut in Cutting of DNA?
A. compatible ends पाने के लिएTo obtain compatible ends
Vector और insert compatible ends रखते हैं तो ligation आसान होती है। यह recombinant DNA formation का आधार है। / When vector and insert have compatible ends ligation is easier. This is the basis of recombinant DNA formation.
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When can self-ligation of a restriction-cut vector be more likely?
A. single enzyme sticky ends compatible होंSingle enzyme sticky ends are compatible
Same compatible ends vector को खुद से ligate कर सकते हैं। Dephosphorylation या directional cloning इसे घटा सकती है। / Same compatible ends can let vector ligate to itself. Dephosphorylation or directional cloning can reduce this.
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What is the purpose of vector dephosphorylation?
A. vector self-ligation घटानाReducing vector self-ligation
Phosphate हटाने से vector ends अपने आप जुड़ने की संभावना कम होती है। इससे recombinant clone proportion बढ़ सकता है। / Removing phosphate reduces the chance of vector ends joining themselves. This can increase recombinant clone proportion.
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Why is insert to vector molar ratio important?
A. ligation product formation को प्रभावित करता हैIt affects ligation product formation
Insert और vector का सही ratio recombinant clones की संभावना बढ़ा सकता है। Incorrect ratio low cloning efficiency दे सकता है। / Correct insert and vector ratio can increase chances of recombinant clones. Incorrect ratio can give low cloning efficiency.
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What problem can occur if the chosen enzyme site is present at many places in the vector?
A. vector कई fragments में कट सकता हैThe vector can cut into many fragments
Multiple sites vector backbone को unwanted fragments में तोड़ सकती हैं। Unique site controlled cloning के लिए बेहतर है। / Multiple sites can break the vector backbone into unwanted fragments. A unique site is better for controlled cloning.
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Why is a vector map checked before choosing a restriction enzyme?
C. cut sites और cloning region समझने के लिएTo understand cut sites and cloning region
Vector map restriction sites और important elements दिखाता है। इससे सही cutting plan बनता है। / A vector map shows restriction sites and important elements. This helps make a correct cutting plan.
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What is the best use of MCS in a vector?
B. कई restriction sites देकर cloning आसान करनाMaking cloning easier by providing multiple restriction sites
MCS में कई unique restriction sites होती हैं। इससे suitable enzyme चुनना आसान होता है। / MCS has many unique restriction sites. This makes choosing a suitable enzyme easier.
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Why is cut fragment and vector ratio important in restriction digestion based cloning?
A. ligation efficiency को प्रभावित करता हैIt affects ligation efficiency
Insert और vector की suitable मात्रा ligation success में मदद करती है। गलत ratio empty vector या low clones दे सकता है। / Suitable amounts of insert and vector help ligation success. Wrong ratio can give empty vector or low clones.
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How can vector backbone and insert be seen separately after restriction digestion?
D. agarose gel electrophoresis सेBy agarose gel electrophoresis
Gel electrophoresis fragments को size के आधार पर अलग करता है। इससे insert और backbone bands दिख सकते हैं। / Gel electrophoresis separates fragments by size. Thus insert and backbone bands can be seen.
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What does vector backbone mean?
C. मुख्य vector DNA जिसमें cloning elements होते हैंMain vector DNA containing cloning elements
Vector backbone में origin marker और cloning site जैसी elements होती हैं। Insert इसी में जोड़ा जाता है। / The vector backbone contains elements like origin marker and cloning site. The insert is joined into it.
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Which treatment can help prevent vector self-ligation?
B. alkaline phosphatase treatment
Alkaline phosphatase vector ends से phosphate हटाकर self-ligation घटा सकता है। यह cloning efficiency में मदद करता है। / Alkaline phosphatase removes phosphate from vector ends and can reduce self-ligation. This helps cloning efficiency.
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What does vector linearization after restriction digest mean?
A. circular vector को काटकर linear बनानाCutting circular vector to make it linear
Linearized vector insert ligation के लिए तैयार हो सकता है। सही site पर cut होना जरूरी है। / A linearized vector can be ready for insert ligation. Cutting at the correct site is necessary.
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What is the benefit of cutting vector and insert with the same restriction enzyme?
D. compatible ends बन सकते हैंCompatible ends can form
Same enzyme compatible ends बना सकता है। इससे insert को vector में ligate करना आसान होता है। / The same enzyme can produce compatible ends. This makes ligating insert into vector easier.
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What is the importance of MCS in a cloning vector?
A. Insert cloning के लिए कई restriction sites देनाProviding many restriction sites for insert cloning
MCS में कई restriction sites होती हैं जहाँ insert clone किया जा सकता है। यह vector design का important part है। / MCS has many restriction sites where an insert can be cloned. It is an important part of vector design.
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How can insert-to-vector ratio affect cloning results?
A. Recombinant colony frequency बदल सकती हैRecombinant colony frequency can change
Incorrect ratio self-ligation या low recombinant yield दे सकता है। Balanced ratio cloning success में मदद करता है। / An incorrect ratio can give self-ligation or low recombinant yield. A balanced ratio helps cloning success.
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Why is a self-ligated vector a problem in a competent host?
A. यह marker के कारण select हो सकता है पर insert नहीं रखताIt can be selected due to marker but lacks insert
Self-ligated vector false positives दे सकता है। Insert screening इसे पहचानने में मदद करती है। / A self-ligated vector can give false positives. Insert screening helps identify it.
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What is the best meaning of host-vector compatibility?
A. Vector host में replicate और express हो सकेVector can replicate and express in host
Host-vector compatibility में ori marker promoter जैसे elements host में काम करते हैं। यह success के लिए जरूरी है। / In host-vector compatibility elements like ori marker promoter work in the host. This is needed for success.
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What is a limitation of a narrow host range vector?
A. यह केवल कुछ hosts में काम करता हैIt works only in some hosts
Narrow host range vector हर host में replicate नहीं करता। इसलिए host selection ध्यान से करनी होती है। / A narrow host range vector does not replicate in every host. Therefore host selection must be careful.
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What is the correct meaning of host-vector compatibility?
C. Vector host में replicate और maintain हो सकेVector can replicate and be maintained in host
Vector का ori और marker host system में काम करना चाहिए। Compatibility cloning success के लिए जरूरी है। / The vector ori and marker should work in the host system. Compatibility is necessary for cloning success.
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Which is the safest short note on cloning vector?
A. यह foreign DNA को host में carry और replicate कराने वाला DNA vehicle हैIt is a DNA vehicle that carries and replicates foreign DNA in a host
Cloning vector foreign DNA को host में पहुँचाकर उसकी copies बनवाता है। इसमें ori marker और cloning site जैसे parts होते हैं। / A cloning vector carries foreign DNA into a host and helps make copies. It has parts like ori marker and cloning site.
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When can a low-copy vector be useful?
A. जब insert unstable या toxic हो सकता हैWhen insert may be unstable or toxic
कुछ inserts high copy में unstable या toxic हो सकते हैं। Low-copy vector ऐसे cases में मदद कर सकता है। / Some inserts can be unstable or toxic at high copy. A low-copy vector can help in such cases.
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What is one practical advantage of a high-copy vector?
A. अधिक plasmid DNA yieldMore plasmid DNA yield
High-copy vector से अधिक plasmid copies मिलती हैं। इससे DNA isolation yield बेहतर हो सकती है। / A high-copy vector gives more plasmid copies. This can improve DNA isolation yield.
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Which option is a wrong application of cloning vector?
D. Starch digestion enzyme के रूप में उपयोगUse as starch-digesting enzyme
Cloning vectors DNA carriers हैं। वे starch digestion enzymes नहीं होते। / Cloning vectors are DNA carriers. They are not starch-digesting enzymes.
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Which option correctly separates vector and restriction enzyme roles?
A. Vector carries DNA और restriction enzyme cuts DNAVector carries DNA and restriction enzyme cuts DNA
Vector desired DNA को carry करता है। Restriction enzyme vector या insert को defined sites पर काटता है। / A vector carries desired DNA. A restriction enzyme cuts vector or insert at defined sites.
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Which option correctly separates the roles of vector and ligase?
A. Vector carries DNA और ligase joins DNAVector carries DNA and ligase joins DNA
Vector DNA carrier है और ligase DNA ends जोड़ता है। दोनों recombinant DNA process में अलग roles निभाते हैं। / A vector is a DNA carrier and ligase joins DNA ends. Both have different roles in recombinant DNA process.
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Which vector part is often checked first on a map for cloning planning?
A. MCS restriction sites
MCS बताता है कि कौन से restriction sites insert cloning के लिए उपलब्ध हैं। यह cloning strategy तय करने में मदद करता है। / MCS shows which restriction sites are available for insert cloning. It helps decide the cloning strategy.
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What information does a vector map help with?
A. Ori marker MCS और restriction sites की positionPositions of ori marker MCS and restriction sites
Vector map important features की position दिखाता है। इससे cloning planning आसान होती है। / A vector map shows positions of important features. This makes cloning planning easier.
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Which test can give reliable final confirmation of a recombinant vector?
A. DNA sequencing
DNA sequencing insert identity और orientation confirm कर सकती है। इसलिए यह final confirmation के लिए मजबूत method है। / DNA sequencing can confirm insert identity and orientation. Therefore it is a strong method for final confirmation.
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In which situation can a host cell lose recombinant vector?
A. Selection pressure न होSelection pressure is absent
Selection pressure न हो तो vector रखने वाली cells को लाभ नहीं मिलता। इससे vector loss हो सकता है। / Without selection pressure cells carrying the vector get no advantage. This can lead to vector loss.
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Which issue can affect insert stability in a cloning vector?
A. Host में insert का unstable होनाInsert being unstable in host
कुछ inserts host में unstable हो सकते हैं। Vector-host system का चुनाव stability पर असर डाल सकता है। / Some inserts can be unstable in a host. Choice of vector-host system can affect stability.
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In which vector can an inducible promoter be useful?
A. Expression vector
Inducible promoter gene expression को जरूरत के समय चालू करने में मदद करता है। यह expression vector में उपयोगी है। / An inducible promoter helps turn on gene expression when needed. It is useful in an expression vector.
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If an insert produces a toxic gene product which vector design needs caution?
A. Expression vector design
Expression vector gene product बनवा सकता है। Toxic product होने पर expression control सावधानी से design करना चाहिए। / An expression vector can produce gene product. If the product is toxic expression control should be designed carefully.
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What shows that a vector is not empty?
A. Desired insert DNA की presencePresence of desired insert DNA
Empty vector में desired insert नहीं होता। Insert की presence vector को recombinant बनाती है। / An empty vector lacks the desired insert. Presence of insert makes the vector recombinant.
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Which cloning result most clearly identifies a recombinant vector?
A. Vector में desired insert confirm होDesired insert is confirmed in vector
Recombinant vector में desired insert मौजूद होना चाहिए। Confirmation restriction analysis या sequencing से की जा सकती है। / A recombinant vector must contain the desired insert. Confirmation can be done by restriction analysis or sequencing.
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A vector has a promoter and insert coding gene. What can it be used for?
A. Gene expression
Promoter insert gene की transcription शुरू कराने में मदद करता है। ऐसा vector expression purpose के लिए उपयोगी हो सकता है। / A promoter helps start transcription of the insert gene. Such a vector can be useful for expression purposes.
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In which condition will cloning vector maintenance be better?
A. Functional ori और selection pressure होFunctional ori and selection pressure are present
Functional ori vector replication कराता है और selection pressure marker वाला vector बनाए रखने में मदद करता है। / Functional ori allows vector replication and selection pressure helps maintain marker-containing vector.
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