Reproduction

Correct answer: B. Egg (ovum)

The female reproductive cell, or female gamete, in humans is the egg, also called the ovum. It can fuse with a sperm during fertilisation.

Correct answer: C. Testes

Sperm cells are produced in the testes, the male reproductive organs responsible for sperm production.

Correct answer: D. Ovaries

Eggs (ova) are produced in the ovaries, which are the female reproductive organs responsible for producing them.

Correct answer: A. In the fallopian tube (oviduct)

In humans, a sperm usually meets and fuses with an egg in the fallopian tube, also called the oviduct.

Correct answer: B. Zygote

The fusion of the male and female gametes forms a single cell called a zygote. The zygote then divides and develops into an embryo.

Correct answer: C. In the uterus

After implantation, the embryo develops in the uterus, where it continues to grow.

Correct answer: D. Exchanging materials between the mother and embryo

The placenta allows oxygen and nutrients to pass from the mother to the embryo and helps carry waste products away. The two blood supplies normally do not mix directly.

Correct answer: A. Shedding of the uterine lining along with blood

If pregnancy does not occur, the uterine lining that had thickened during the menstrual cycle breaks down and leaves the body with blood. This is menstruation.

Correct answer: B. Hormones

At puberty, changes in hormone levels trigger many physical changes, including the development of reproductive functions.

Correct answer: C. Testes

Sperm are produced in the testes. Their position in the scrotum outside the main body cavity helps keep them slightly cooler than core body temperature, which supports sperm production.

Correct answer: D. Preventing or reducing the chance of pregnancy

Contraception refers to methods used to prevent pregnancy or reduce the chance of it occurring. Condoms can also reduce the risk of some sexually transmitted infections.

Correct answer: A. Barrier method

A condom acts as a physical barrier that helps prevent sperm from reaching the egg, so it is classified as a barrier contraceptive method.

Correct answer: B. Surgical method

Sterilisation is a surgical contraceptive method. Procedures such as vasectomy or tubal ligation block reproductive ducts, preventing sperm and egg from meeting.

Correct answer: C. Through unprotected sexual contact with an infected person

Many sexually transmitted infections can spread through sexual contact with an infected person, particularly when protection is not used. Some can also spread by other routes, such as infected blood.

Correct answer: D. It helps reduce the risk of infection

Good personal hygiene, including keeping the genital area clean, helps reduce the risk of some infections. It does not prevent or cure every disease.

Correct answer: A. By producing a new generation

Organisms have a limited lifespan. Reproduction produces offspring that can form the next generation, allowing the species to continue over time.

Correct answer: B. Because genetic information comes from a single parent

The offspring receives its genetic information from one parent, and there is no fusion of gametes from two parents. As a result, it is usually very similar to that parent, although small differences can arise, for example through DNA-copying errors.

Correct answer: C. Because genetic information from two parents combines

In sexual reproduction, male and female gametes fuse and bring together genetic information from two parents. The resulting combinations can differ among offspring, producing variation.

Correct answer: D. Growth increases an organism's size or cell number, while reproduction produces new offspring

Growth increases the size or cell number of an existing organism. Reproduction produces a new organism, so the two processes have different roles.

Correct answer: A. Their protective walls help them survive unfavourable conditions

In Rhizopus, spores have protective walls that help them survive unfavourable conditions. When conditions become favourable, a spore can germinate and grow into a new organism.

Correct answer: B. It can quickly multiply plants with desired traits

In vegetative propagation, a new plant grows from a part of a selected parent plant. The offspring are usually similar to that parent, so plants with desired traits can be multiplied quickly.

Correct answer: C. To receive pollen grains

The stigma is the receptive tip of the pistil. It receives pollen grains, which may then grow a pollen tube towards the ovary for fertilisation.

Correct answer: D. It contains the ovules

The ovary is the lower part of the pistil and contains ovules. After fertilisation, the ovary usually develops into a fruit, while the fertilised ovules develop into seeds.

Correct answer: A. A zygote

A sperm is the male gamete and an egg is the female gamete. Their fusion during fertilisation forms a zygote, the first cell of the developing offspring.

Correct answer: B. Reproduction produces offspring and helps maintain the continuity of a species

Individual organisms have limited lifespans, but reproduction produces new generations. This helps maintain the continuity of a species; sexual reproduction can also introduce variation among offspring.