Reproduction

Correct answer: A. नई संतानों का निर्माण / नई संतति उत्पन्न करना (Formation of new offspring)

The correct answer is A. Reproduction produces new offspring, allowing a species to continue across generations. It does not perform an individual’s functions such as digestion, blood transport, or waste removal.

Correct answer: B. One parent

Asexual reproduction occurs from a single parent and does not involve the fusion of male and female gametes. Therefore, one parent is needed.

Correct answer: C. Male and female gametes

In sexual reproduction, male and female gametes usually fuse to form a zygote, the first cell of the new organism.

Correct answer: D. Binary fission

Amoeba commonly reproduces by binary fission: its cell divides into two daughter cells, each of which can grow into an individual.

Correct answer: A. Asexual reproduction

In budding, a small outgrowth forms on the yeast cell, grows and develops into a new cell. Since it forms from one parent without gamete fusion, it is asexual reproduction.

Correct answer: B. Budding

In Hydra, a small bud grows as an outgrowth on the parent and can eventually separate to live as a new individual. This method is called budding.

Correct answer: C. New individuals forming from fragments

Spirogyra is a filamentous alga. In fragmentation, its filament breaks into pieces, and each suitable fragment can grow into a new individual.

Correct answer: D. Rhizopus

Rhizopus forms spores in sporangia. Under suitable conditions, the spores can germinate and grow into new organisms, so Rhizopus is an example of spore formation.

Correct answer: A. A new plant forming from a vegetative part

Vegetative propagation is the formation of a new plant from a vegetative part of the parent, such as a root, stem or leaf, rather than from a seed.

Correct answer: B. An eye bud

A potato tuber is a modified stem. Its eyes contain buds, which can sprout and grow into new plants under suitable conditions.

Correct answer: C. Leaf margin

Bryophyllum can form buds along the margins of its leaves. These buds can develop into new plants, making this an example of vegetative propagation.

Correct answer: D. To produce many plants in a short time

Tissue culture grows new plants from small pieces of plant tissue under suitable laboratory conditions. This allows many plants to be produced quickly.

Correct answer: A. Stamen

The stamen is the male reproductive organ of a flower. Its anther produces pollen grains.

Correct answer: B. Pistil

The pistil is the female reproductive organ. It includes the stigma, style and ovary; ovules are found inside the ovary.

Correct answer: C. In the anther

Pollen grains are produced in the anther, which is part of the stamen. They carry the male reproductive cells of the plant.

Correct answer: D. In the ovary

Ovules are found inside the ovary, which is part of the pistil. After fertilisation, an ovule usually develops into a seed.

Correct answer: A. Transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma

Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from an anther to a stigma. It happens before fertilisation and enables the male reproductive cells to reach the ovule.

Correct answer: B. To the stigma of the same flower or another flower on the same plant

In self-pollination, pollen is transferred to the stigma of the same flower or another flower on the same plant. The transfer remains within one plant.

Correct answer: C. To the stigma of a flower on another plant of the same species

Cross-pollination transfers pollen to a flower on a different plant of the same species. Because the pollen reaches another plant, this differs from self-pollination.

Correct answer: D. Fusion of male and female gametes

Fertilisation is the fusion of male and female gametes. In flowering plants, this fusion forms a zygote, which can develop into an embryo.

Correct answer: A. Seed

After fertilisation, the ovule usually develops into a seed, and the ovary usually develops into a fruit. The seed contains the developing embryo.

Correct answer: B. Fruit

The ovary usually develops into the fruit after fertilisation; the ovules inside it usually develop into seeds.

Correct answer: C. Give rise to a new plant

A seed contains an embryo. When conditions are suitable, it can germinate and grow into a new plant.

Correct answer: D. Water, air and a suitable temperature

Most seeds need water to begin germinating, oxygen from the air for respiration, and a suitable temperature for growth.

Correct answer: A. Sperm

The male reproductive cell, or male gamete, in humans is the sperm. It can fuse with an egg during fertilisation.