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Geometrical meaning of the zeroes of a polynomial.
बहुपद के शून्यकों का ज्यामितीय अर्थ
In this Class 10 Mathematics topic from Polynomials, students understand the geometrical meaning of a polynomial’s zeroes by connecting algebraic expressions with their graphs. A zero is represented by the x-coordinate where the graph meets or touches the x-axis. Students learn how the number of points of intersection indicates the number of real zeroes, and interpret graphs of linear, quadratic, and other polynomial functions to relate their shapes and x-intercepts to solutions of p(x) = 0.
TOPIC PRACTICE
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Medium · Level 24 · geometrical-zeroes,x-intercepts,polynomials,Geometrical meaning of the zeroes of a polynomial.,geometrical meaning of the zeroes of a polynomial,Mathematics,Class 10 MCQView options
Easy · Level 24 · graphical-solutions,zeroes,x-axis-intercepts,Geometrical meaning of the zeroes of a polynomial.,geometrical meaning of the zeroes of a polynomial,Polynomials,Mathematics,Class 10 MCQView options
-7 and -2
7 and 2
-7 and 2
None
Medium · Level 24 · quadratic-polynomial,real-zeroes,discriminant,x-axis,Geometrical meaning of the zeroes of a polynomial.,geometrical meaning of the zeroes of a polynomial,Polynomials,MathematicsView options
Zero
One
Two
Infinitely many
Medium · Level 24 · factor-form,distinct-zeroes,x-intercepts,Geometrical meaning of the zeroes of a polynomial.,geometrical meaning of the zeroes of a polynomial,Polynomials,Mathematics,Class 10 MCQView options
Three
Two
One
Five
Expert · Level 24 · zeros of polynomial,x-intercept,sign-change,root multiplicity,crossingView options
The number of real zeroes equals the number of intersection points
Every quadratic has exactly two real zeroes
Every quadratic has no real zero
Intersections do not give zeroes
Question 1ExpertLevel 24
If the graph of a polynomial \(p(x)\) intersects the x-axis at the point \((r,0)\), which of the following statements is always true?
Correct answer: A
The point \((r,0)\) has x‑coordinate \(r\) and y‑coordinate 0. For the polynomial \(p(x)\), the y‑value at x=\(r\) is \(p(r)\); therefore \(p(r)=0\). Option B (\(p(0)=r\)) incorrectly relates the value at x=0 to r and need not hold. Option C (\(r=0\)) is only true if the intercept happens at the origin, not in general. Option D (\(p(r)=r\)) would mean the function value equals the x‑coordinate at that point, which contradicts y=0 here. Exam tip: Whenever you see an x‑intercept \((a,0)\), immediately record \(p(a)=0\) — that a is a root of the polynomial.
At which x-values will the graph of the quadratic p(x)=x^2+2x-15 intersect the x-axis?
Correct answer: A
Set the quadratic equal to zero to find x-intercepts (roots).
Factor: \(x^2+2x-15=(x+5)(x-3)\).
Setting \((x+5)(x-3)=0\) gives x=-5 or x=3, so the graph meets the x-axis at x=3 and x=-5.
The closest distractor (-3, 5) is wrong because the signs of the roots are incorrect — the constant term -15 forces the product of roots to be -15, so one root must be negative.
Exam tip: Check constant term and middle coefficient quickly — product of roots = constant term, sum of roots = - (coefficient of x).
For a polynomial p(x) we are given p(-3)<0, p(1)=0 and p(4)>0. Which zero is certainly a root?
Correct answer: A
p(1)=0 directly shows x=1 is a root — this is explicit. The facts p(-3)<0 and p(4)>0 only give signs of p at those x-values; they do not make -3 or 4 roots. (By continuity of polynomials, a sign change between -3 and 4 guarantees at least one root in (-3,4), but it does not identify the endpoint values as roots.) Therefore the only certain root from the given information is x=1. Exam tip: look for statements of the form p(a)=0 for a guaranteed root; sign changes indicate existence of a root in an interval, not at a specific endpoint.)
The graph does not cut the x-axis but cuts the line y = 2 twice. What is certain about its zeroes?
Correct answer: A
The geometrical meaning of a zero is tied specifically to the x-intercept. A number r is a zero of p(x) when p(r) = 0, so the point (r, 0) lies on the graph. The line y = 2 is not the x-axis; every point on it has ordinate 2, not 0. Therefore, its two intersections do not represent zeroes. Since the graph is stated not to cut the x-axis, the supplied information displays no zero. It does not prove that the polynomial has no real zero anywhere unless the whole graph is known, but among the given data, option A is the only certain statement. Options B and C incorrectly treat y = 2 intersections as x-intercepts, while D has no basis.
If p(x)=4x, at which point does its graph intersect the x-axis?
Correct answer: A
To find the x-intercept set p(x)=0. With p(x)=4x we get 4x=0 ⇒ x=0, so y=p(0)=0 and the intersection point is (0,0). Option (4,0) is incorrect because p(4)=16 ≠ 0; (0,4) is impossible for an x-intercept since y must be 0. Exam tip: always solve p(x)=0 to get x-intercepts of a polynomial.
If a graph crosses the x-axis at 2.5, what is the zero (root) of the polynomial?
Correct answer: A
The root (zero) of a polynomial is the x‑value where its graph meets the x‑axis. Hence the zero is the number 2.5. Option B (2.5, 0) denotes the coordinate point on the plane — a point, not the numeric root. Option C is incorrect because x=0 is not where the graph crosses; Option D is the point on the y‑axis and irrelevant. Exam tip: when asked for a root or zero give the x‑value (a single number), not the ordered pair of the point.
If \(p(x)=x^2-2x-8\), at which points does its graph intersect the x-axis?
Correct answer: A
Points where the graph meets the x-axis are the zeros of \(p(x)\), so set \(p(x)=0\). Factor: \(x^2-2x-8=(x-4)(x+2)\). Therefore \(x=4\) and \(x=-2\), giving points \((4,0)\) and \((-2,0)\). Option B has signs swapped (gives wrong x-values); option C lists points on the y-axis, not x-axis; option D is just incorrect roots. Exam tip: set the quadratic equal to zero and factor or use the quadratic formula; then report roots as (x,0).
If the graph of a polynomial intersects the x-axis at \((-\sqrt{3},0)\), what is the zero (root) of the polynomial?
Correct answer: A
A zero (root) of a polynomial is the x‑value where its graph meets the x‑axis — i.e. the x‑coordinate of the intercept. The given intercept \((-\sqrt{3},0)\) has x‑coordinate \(-\sqrt{3}\), so that is the zero. Option D is the full point (ordered pair), not the zero itself; option C is the y‑coordinate (0); option B has the wrong sign. Exam tip: from an x‑axis intercept (a,b) pick the first component a as the root.
If \(p(x)=x^2+6x+10\), how does its graph relate to the x-axis?
Correct answer: A
Completing the square gives \(x^2+6x+10=(x+3)^2+1\). Since \((x+3)^2\ge0\), the minimum value is 1, so the parabola never reaches 0 and does not meet the x-axis. Equivalently, the discriminant is \(b^2-4ac=36-40=-4<0\), so there are no real roots. The closest distractor (touch once) is wrong because that requires discriminant zero. Exam tip: use the discriminant or complete the square to quickly decide if real x-intercepts exist.
If \(p(x)=2x^2-8\), at which \(x\)-values will the graph cut the \(x\)-axis?
Correct answer: A
The graph meets the x-axis where \(p(x)=0\). Solve \(2x^2-8=0\) to get \(x^2=4\), so \(x=\pm 2\). Equivalently factor as \(2(x-2)(x+2)\), giving zeros \(-2\) and \(2\). Choice B would follow from the wrong step \(x^2=16\); C is wrong because \(p(0)=-8\) (not zero); D is wrong because there are two zeros, both \(2\) and \(-2\), not only \(4\). Exam tip: set \(p(x)=0\) first and factor out common constants to simplify solving.
If a graph cuts the x-axis at -7 and -2, what are the solutions of p(x) = 0?
Correct answer: A
A solution of p(x) = 0 is an x-value for which the graph has y-coordinate zero. Such points are precisely the intersections of the graph with the x-axis. The stated intersections have x-coordinates -7 and -2, so p(-7) = 0 and p(-2) = 0. Hence the solution set is {-7, -2}, represented by option A. The negative signs must be retained because they are the actual x-coordinates of the intercepts; changing them to 7 and 2 gives different points on the opposite side of the y-axis. Option C keeps only one sign correct, and option D ignores the two explicitly given x-axis intersections. No calculation beyond reading the graph is needed.
A quadratic polynomial graph does not touch or intersect the x-axis. What is the number of distinct real zeroes?
Correct answer: A
A real zero of a polynomial is a real number r for which p(r) = 0. On the graph y = p(x), this means that the graph must have a point (r, 0), so it must intersect or touch the x-axis. The statement says that the quadratic graph neither touches nor intersects the x-axis. Consequently, there is no real x-coordinate at which p(x) becomes zero, and the number of distinct real zeroes is zero. In discriminant language, a quadratic with no real x-axis contact has discriminant less than zero, although calculating the discriminant is not necessary here. One or two would require contact with the axis; infinitely many is impossible for a nonzero quadratic.
If p(x) = 5(x + 1)(x - 2)(x - 4), at how many distinct points will the graph cut the x-axis?
Correct answer: A
The x-axis intersections occur where p(x) = 0. Since 5 is non-zero, it cannot itself create a zero; the product is zero when at least one factor is zero. Thus x + 1 = 0 gives x = -1, x - 2 = 0 gives x = 2, and x - 4 = 0 gives x = 4. These are three different real values, so the graph has three distinct x-intercepts: (-1, 0), (2, 0), and (4, 0). Therefore option A is correct. The degree is three, so three distinct zeroes are possible and occur here. Option B or C would require repeated or missing roots, while option D wrongly counts the constant coefficient 5 as an additional zero.
If the graph of a polynomial goes from above the x-axis to below it and the point (9,0) lies exactly at that crossing, what does (9,0) represent?
Correct answer: A
The point (9,0) lies on the x-axis, so for the polynomial p(x) we have \(p(9)=0\); hence x=9 is a root (zero). The fact that the graph goes from above to below shows the curve crosses the axis at that point, which indicates a root of odd order (often a simple root). Option B is wrong because y=9 is not implied by a point on the x-axis; option C is wrong because a nonzero constant polynomial does not cross the x-axis; option D contradicts the given point lying on the x-axis. Exam tip: A crossing of the x-axis implies a zero with odd multiplicity; touching-and-returning implies even multiplicity.
If the graph of \(p(x)=x^2-11x+30\) is drawn, at which points does it intersect the x-axis?
Correct answer: A
Points on the x-axis have y-coordinate zero, so set \(p(x)=0\): \(x^2-11x+30=0\). Factorising gives \(x^2-11x+30=(x-5)(x-6)\), so the roots are \(x=5\) and \(x=6\). Thus the graph meets the x-axis at (5,0) and (6,0). The closest distractor (B) has the signs reversed; option C lists y-axis intercepts, and option D confuses coefficients with roots. Exam tip: set the polynomial equal to zero and factorise (or use the quadratic formula) to find x-intercepts quickly.
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