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100 results found for "uncut vector" in all classes.

Uncut vector background को कैसे घटाया जा सकता है?

How can uncut vector background be reduced?

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A. complete digestion और gel purification सेBy complete digestion and gel purification

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Complete digestion vector को linearizes करती है और gel purification uncut plasmid हटाता है। इससे background घटता है। / Complete digestion linearizes vector and gel purification removes uncut plasmid. This reduces background.

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Restriction digest में gel purification से uncut plasmid कैसे हट सकता है?

How can gel purification remove uncut plasmid in restriction digest?

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A. cut linear band को अलग excise करकेBy excising the cut linear band separately

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Uncut plasmid अलग mobility दिखा सकता है। Desired cut band को अलग purify किया जा सकता है। / Uncut plasmid can show different mobility. The desired cut band can be purified separately.

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Restriction digest में uncut plasmid lane क्यों रखना उपयोगी है?

Why is keeping an uncut plasmid lane useful in restriction digest?

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A. plasmid conformations और cut result compare करने के लिएTo compare plasmid conformations and cut result

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Uncut plasmid supercoiled और open circular forms दिखा सकता है। Cut sample से comparison digestion समझाता है। / Uncut plasmid can show supercoiled and open circular forms. Comparison with cut sample explains digestion.

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Restriction digest में plasmid uncut band क्यों दिखाई दे सकता है?

Why can an uncut plasmid band appear in restriction digest?

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A. incomplete digestion के कारणDue to incomplete digestion

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Incomplete digestion में कुछ plasmid uncut रह सकता है। Gel पर uncut और cut forms साथ दिख सकते हैं। / In incomplete digestion some plasmid can remain uncut. Uncut and cut forms can appear together on gel.

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Uncut DNA control किसलिए उपयोगी है?

Why is an uncut DNA control useful?

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A. cut pattern को original DNA form से compare करने के लिएTo compare cut pattern with original DNA form

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Uncut control दिखाता है कि DNA digestion से पहले कैसा दिखता था। इससे digestion success समझ आती है। / An uncut control shows how DNA looked before digestion. This helps understand digestion success.

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restriction digestion में extra uncut band दिखना किसकी ओर संकेत कर सकता है?

An extra uncut band in restriction digestion can indicate what?

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A. partial digestion

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Uncut band का अर्थ हो सकता है कि कुछ DNA molecules cut नहीं हुए। यह partial digestion का संकेत हो सकता है। / An uncut band may mean some DNA molecules were not cut. This can indicate partial digestion.

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gel में uncut plasmid band दिखने का एक कारण क्या हो सकता है?

What can be one reason for seeing an uncut plasmid band in gel?

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A. incomplete digestion

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Uncut band दिखे तो कुछ plasmid molecules cut नहीं हुए हो सकते हैं। यह incomplete digestion का संकेत हो सकता है। / If an uncut band appears some plasmid molecules may not have been cut. This can indicate incomplete digestion.

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Competent host में empty vector और recombinant vector में अंतर कैसे किया जा सकता है?

How can empty vector and recombinant vector be distinguished in a competent host?

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A. Screening methods सेBy screening methods

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Screening methods insert presence identify करती हैं। Selection केवल vector uptake दिखा सकती है। / Screening methods identify insert presence. Selection may only show vector uptake.

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कौन सा option empty vector और recombinant vector का अंतर बताता है?

Which option distinguishes an empty vector from a recombinant vector?

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A. Recombinant vector में insert होता हैRecombinant vector has insert

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Recombinant vector में desired insert DNA जुड़ा होता है। Empty vector में desired insert नहीं होता। / A recombinant vector has the desired insert DNA joined. An empty vector lacks the desired insert.

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क्लोनिंग vector और expression vector में एक सरल अंतर क्या है?

What is one simple difference between a cloning vector and an expression vector?

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A. क्लोनिंग vector copy बनाता है और expression vector product बनवाता हैCloning vector makes copies and expression vector helps make product

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Cloning vector का लक्ष्य DNA copies बढ़ाना है। Expression vector gene product बनवाने के लिए design हो सकता है। / The aim of a cloning vector is to increase DNA copies. An expression vector can be designed to produce gene product.

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कौन सा option recombinant vector और empty vector में अंतर बताता है?

Which option distinguishes recombinant vector from empty vector?

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A. Recombinant vector में insert DNA होता हैRecombinant vector has insert DNA

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Recombinant vector में foreign insert जुड़ा होता है। Empty vector में desired insert नहीं होता। / A recombinant vector has a foreign insert joined. An empty vector lacks the desired insert.

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Expression vector और cloning vector में सरल अंतर क्या है?

What is a simple difference between expression vector and cloning vector?

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A. Expression vector gene product बनवाने में मदद करता हैExpression vector helps produce gene product

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Cloning vector DNA की copies बनाने के लिए होता है। Expression vector gene expression और product formation में मदद करता है। / A cloning vector is for making DNA copies. An expression vector helps gene expression and product formation.

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प्रतिबंध पाचन के बाद बिना कटे प्लास्मिड का दिखना क्या संकेत दे सकता है?

What can the presence of uncut plasmid after restriction digestion indicate?

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A. अपूर्ण पाचनIncomplete digestion

Explanation

Simple Explanation

बिना कटे प्लास्मिड का अर्थ हो सकता है कि सभी DNA molecules नहीं कटे। यह अपूर्ण पाचन का संकेत है। / Uncut plasmid may mean all DNA molecules were not cut. This indicates incomplete digestion.

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Restriction cut vector में दो अलग ends हों तो empty vector formation क्यों घट सकती है?

Why can empty vector formation decrease when restriction-cut vector has two different ends?

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A. ends आपस में easily compatible नहीं होतेEnds are not easily compatible with each other

Explanation

Simple Explanation

दो अलग ends vector self-closing को कम कर सकते हैं। Insert correct orientation में जोड़ने में मदद मिलती है। / Two different ends can reduce vector self-closing. They help join insert in correct orientation.

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कौन सा vector feature repeated subculture में vector loss घटा सकता है?

Which vector feature can reduce vector loss during repeated subculture?

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A. Selectable marker with selection

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Selection marker और selection condition vector-containing cells को बनाए रखने में मदद करते हैं। इससे vector loss घट सकता है। / A selection marker and selection condition help maintain vector-containing cells. This can reduce vector loss.

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Vector बहुत अधिक हो और insert कम हो तो क्या risk है?

What is the risk if vector is too much and insert is low?

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A. empty vector colonies बढ़ सकती हैंEmpty vector colonies can increase

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Low insert availability vector self-ligation या empty colonies का chance बढ़ा सकती है। Ratio optimize करें। / Low insert availability can increase chance of vector self-ligation or empty colonies. Optimize ratio.

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Host-vector incompatibility का possible result क्या है?

What is a possible result of host-vector incompatibility?

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A. Vector maintain नहीं होगाVector will not be maintained

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Vector elements host में काम नहीं करेंगे तो plasmid stable नहीं रहेगा। Compatibility cloning का key point है। / If vector elements do not work in the host the plasmid will not stay stable. Compatibility is a key point in cloning.

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Host range का cloning vector के लिए क्या अर्थ है?

What does host range mean for a cloning vector?

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A. वेक्टर किन hosts में काम कर सकता हैIn which hosts the vector can work

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Host range vector की compatibility बताता है। Broad host range vector कई hosts में काम कर सकता है। / Host range indicates vector compatibility. A broad host range vector can work in many hosts.

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किस vector में gene product बनवाने का उद्देश्य अधिक स्पष्ट होता है?

In which vector is the aim of producing gene product clearer?

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A. Expression vector

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Expression vector gene expression और product formation के लिए design होता है। Cloning vector mainly copies बनवाता है। / An expression vector is designed for gene expression and product formation. A cloning vector mainly makes copies.

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किस case में simple cloning vector पर्याप्त हो सकता है?

In which case can a simple cloning vector be sufficient?

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A. जब केवल DNA copies चाहिएWhen only DNA copies are needed

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Simple cloning vector DNA की copies बनाने के लिए useful है। Gene product चाहिए तो expression vector बेहतर हो सकता है। / A simple cloning vector is useful for making DNA copies. If gene product is needed an expression vector may be better.

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यदि vector बहुत बड़ा हो तो transformation पर क्या प्रभाव हो सकता है?

If a vector is very large what may happen to transformation?

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A. Transformation कम आसान हो सकता हैTransformation may become less easy

Explanation

Simple Explanation

बहुत बड़े vectors को host में introduce करना कठिन हो सकता है। इसलिए small size common vector feature है। / Very large vectors can be difficult to introduce into a host. Therefore small size is a common vector feature.

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कौन सा vector केवल DNA copies बनाने के उद्देश्य से अधिक जुड़ा है?

Which vector is more linked with the purpose of making DNA copies only?

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A. Cloning vector

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Cloning vector का मुख्य उद्देश्य insert DNA की copies बनवाना होता है। Expression vector gene product बनवाने पर केंद्रित हो सकता है। / The main purpose of a cloning vector is making copies of insert DNA. An expression vector can focus on producing a gene product.

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क्लोनिंग vector में promoter कब अधिक महत्वपूर्ण होता है?

When is a promoter more important in a cloning vector?

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A. जब insert gene को express कराना होWhen the insert gene needs to be expressed

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Expression vectors में promoter gene expression के लिए जरूरी होता है। केवल cloning vector में मुख्य focus DNA copy बनाना होता है। / In expression vectors promoter is needed for gene expression. In simple cloning vectors the main focus is making DNA copies.

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क्लोनिंग vector में insert डालने के लिए पहले vector के साथ क्या किया जाता है?

What is usually done to a vector before inserting an insert?

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A. उसे restriction enzyme से काटा जाता हैIt is cut with a restriction enzyme

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Vector को उचित restriction site पर काटकर insert के लिए जगह बनाई जाती है। फिर ligase joining करता है। / The vector is cut at a suitable restriction site to create space for the insert. Then ligase joins it.

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एकसमान क्षेत्र में द्विध्रुव का बल आघूर्ण किन दो सदिश राशियों के सदिश गुणन से संबंधित है?

Torque of a dipole in a uniform field is related to vector product of which two vector quantities?

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A. द्विध्रुव आघूर्ण और विद्युत क्षेत्रDipole moment and electric field

Step 1

Concept

द्विध्रुव पर बल आघूर्ण एक सदिश राशि है। / Torque on a dipole is a vector quantity.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

इसका संबंध द्विध्रुव आघूर्ण और विद्युत क्षेत्र के सदिश गुणन से है। / It is related to vector product of dipole moment and electric field.

Step 3

Exam Tip

इसी से परिमाण और दिशा दोनों समझे जाते हैं। / This explains both magnitude and direction.

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एकसमान क्षेत्र में द्विध्रुव का बल आघूर्ण किन दो सदिश राशियों के सदिश गुणन से संबंधित है?

Torque of a dipole in a uniform field is related to vector product of which two vector quantities?

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Correct Answer

A. द्विध्रुव आघूर्ण और विद्युत क्षेत्रDipole moment and electric field

Step 1

Concept

द्विध्रुव पर बल आघूर्ण एक सदिश राशि है। / Torque on a dipole is a vector quantity.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

इसका संबंध द्विध्रुव आघूर्ण और विद्युत क्षेत्र के सदिश गुणन से है। / It is related to vector product of dipole moment and electric field.

Step 3

Exam Tip

इसी से परिमाण और दिशा दोनों समझे जाते हैं। / This explains both magnitude and direction.

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Restriction digestion के बाद vector band को gel से काटते समय क्या सावधानी जरूरी है?

What precaution is needed while cutting vector band from gel after restriction digestion?

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A. पास की unwanted band से बचनाAvoiding nearby unwanted band

Explanation

Simple Explanation

गलत band काटने से wrong DNA purify हो सकता है। Band identity ladder और map से confirm करें। / Cutting the wrong band can purify wrong DNA. Confirm band identity with ladder and map.

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Dephosphorylated vector को ligate करने के लिए insert में क्या होना चाहिए?

For ligating a dephosphorylated vector what should the insert have?

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A. phosphate group

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Ligase phosphodiester bond बनाने के लिए phosphate की जरूरत रखता है। Insert phosphate joining में मदद करता है। / Ligase needs phosphate to form phosphodiester bond. Insert phosphate helps joining.

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Restriction cut vector में dephosphorylation क्यों की जाती है?

Why is dephosphorylation done in a restriction-cut vector?

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A. self-ligation कम करने के लिएTo reduce self-ligation

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Phosphate हटाने से vector ends का self-joining कम हो सकता है। इससे insert-containing clones की संभावना बढ़ती है। / Removing phosphate can reduce self-joining of vector ends. This increases chance of insert-containing clones.

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Vector self-ligation का अर्थ क्या है?

What does vector self-ligation mean?

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A. vector ends का insert बिना आपस में जुड़नाVector ends joining each other without insert

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Self-ligation empty vector colonies दे सकती है। Dephosphorylation या directional cloning इसे घटाती है। / Self-ligation can give empty vector colonies. Dephosphorylation or directional cloning reduces it.

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Restriction digestion के बाद insert और vector ratio क्यों set किया जाता है?

Why is insert and vector ratio set after restriction digestion?

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A. recombinant ligation chance बढ़ाने के लिएTo increase chance of recombinant ligation

Explanation

Simple Explanation

सही insert-vector ratio recombinant clones बढ़ा सकता है। बहुत गलत ratio cloning efficiency घटा सकता है। / Correct insert-vector ratio can increase recombinant clones. A very wrong ratio can reduce cloning efficiency.

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Restriction cut vector को ligation से पहले purify क्यों करते हैं?

Why is a restriction-cut vector purified before ligation?

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A. buffer enzyme और small fragments हटाने के लिएTo remove buffer enzyme and small fragments

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Purification ligation inhibitors कम करती है। Clean vector ends recombinant DNA formation में मदद करते हैं। / Purification reduces ligation inhibitors. Clean vector ends help recombinant DNA formation.

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Restriction digestion से पहले vector map में selectable marker देखना क्यों उपयोगी है?

Why is it useful to check selectable marker in a vector map before restriction digestion?

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A. marker को damage होने से बचाने के लिएTo avoid damaging the marker

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Selectable marker transformants की पहचान में मदद करता है। उसे काटने से selection fail हो सकती है। / A selectable marker helps identify transformants. Cutting it can cause selection failure.

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अगर chosen enzyme vector के essential gene के अंदर cut करे तो क्या समस्या होगी?

What problem occurs if the chosen enzyme cuts inside an essential vector gene?

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D. vector function खराब हो सकता हैVector function can be damaged

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Vector के origin या marker जैसे जरूरी हिस्से बचने चाहिए। गलत cut vector को useless बना सकता है। / Essential parts such as origin or marker of a vector must be protected. A wrong cut can make the vector useless.

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Cloning में ऐसा enzyme क्यों चुना जाता है जो vector को केवल एक जगह काटे?

Why is an enzyme chosen that cuts a vector at only one place in cloning?

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C. vector को controlled तरीके से खोलने के लिएTo open the vector in a controlled way

Explanation

Simple Explanation

एक unique cut site vector को एक स्थान पर linearize करती है। इससे insert जोड़ना आसान होता है। / A unique cut site linearizes the vector at one position. This makes insert joining easier.

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Restriction digestion में vector backbone को preserve करना क्यों जरूरी है?

Why is preserving vector backbone important in restriction digestion?

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A. origin और marker जैसे जरूरी elements बचाने के लिएTo keep essential elements like origin and marker

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Vector backbone में replication origin और selectable marker होते हैं। गलत cutting vector function खराब कर सकती है। / Vector backbone contains replication origin and selectable marker. Wrong cutting can damage vector function.

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Cutting of DNA में vector और insert दोनों क्यों काटे जाते हैं?

Why are both vector and insert cut in Cutting of DNA?

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A. compatible ends पाने के लिएTo obtain compatible ends

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Vector और insert compatible ends रखते हैं तो ligation आसान होती है। यह recombinant DNA formation का आधार है। / When vector and insert have compatible ends ligation is easier. This is the basis of recombinant DNA formation.

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Restriction enzyme से cut vector का self-ligation कब अधिक हो सकता है?

When can self-ligation of a restriction-cut vector be more likely?

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A. single enzyme sticky ends compatible होंSingle enzyme sticky ends are compatible

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Same compatible ends vector को खुद से ligate कर सकते हैं। Dephosphorylation या directional cloning इसे घटा सकती है। / Same compatible ends can let vector ligate to itself. Dephosphorylation or directional cloning can reduce this.

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Vector dephosphorylation का उद्देश्य क्या है?

What is the purpose of vector dephosphorylation?

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A. vector self-ligation घटानाReducing vector self-ligation

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Phosphate हटाने से vector ends अपने आप जुड़ने की संभावना कम होती है। इससे recombinant clone proportion बढ़ सकता है। / Removing phosphate reduces the chance of vector ends joining themselves. This can increase recombinant clone proportion.

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Insert to vector molar ratio क्यों important है?

Why is insert to vector molar ratio important?

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A. ligation product formation को प्रभावित करता हैIt affects ligation product formation

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Insert और vector का सही ratio recombinant clones की संभावना बढ़ा सकता है। Incorrect ratio low cloning efficiency दे सकता है। / Correct insert and vector ratio can increase chances of recombinant clones. Incorrect ratio can give low cloning efficiency.

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अगर vector में chosen enzyme site कई जगह हो तो क्या समस्या हो सकती है?

What problem can occur if the chosen enzyme site is present at many places in the vector?

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A. vector कई fragments में कट सकता हैThe vector can cut into many fragments

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Multiple sites vector backbone को unwanted fragments में तोड़ सकती हैं। Unique site controlled cloning के लिए बेहतर है। / Multiple sites can break the vector backbone into unwanted fragments. A unique site is better for controlled cloning.

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Restriction enzyme चुनने से पहले vector map क्यों देखा जाता है?

Why is a vector map checked before choosing a restriction enzyme?

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C. cut sites और cloning region समझने के लिएTo understand cut sites and cloning region

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Vector map restriction sites और important elements दिखाता है। इससे सही cutting plan बनता है। / A vector map shows restriction sites and important elements. This helps make a correct cutting plan.

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एक vector में MCS का सबसे अच्छा उपयोग क्या है?

What is the best use of MCS in a vector?

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B. कई restriction sites देकर cloning आसान करनाMaking cloning easier by providing multiple restriction sites

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MCS में कई unique restriction sites होती हैं। इससे suitable enzyme चुनना आसान होता है। / MCS has many unique restriction sites. This makes choosing a suitable enzyme easier.

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Restriction digestion में cut fragment और vector ratio क्यों important है?

Why is cut fragment and vector ratio important in restriction digestion based cloning?

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A. ligation efficiency को प्रभावित करता हैIt affects ligation efficiency

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Insert और vector की suitable मात्रा ligation success में मदद करती है। गलत ratio empty vector या low clones दे सकता है। / Suitable amounts of insert and vector help ligation success. Wrong ratio can give empty vector or low clones.

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Restriction digestion के बाद vector backbone और insert अलग कैसे देखे जा सकते हैं?

How can vector backbone and insert be seen separately after restriction digestion?

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D. agarose gel electrophoresis सेBy agarose gel electrophoresis

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Gel electrophoresis fragments को size के आधार पर अलग करता है। इससे insert और backbone bands दिख सकते हैं। / Gel electrophoresis separates fragments by size. Thus insert and backbone bands can be seen.

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Vector backbone का अर्थ क्या है?

What does vector backbone mean?

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C. मुख्य vector DNA जिसमें cloning elements होते हैंMain vector DNA containing cloning elements

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Vector backbone में origin marker और cloning site जैसी elements होती हैं। Insert इसी में जोड़ा जाता है। / The vector backbone contains elements like origin marker and cloning site. The insert is joined into it.

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Vector self-ligation रोकने में कौन सा treatment मदद कर सकता है?

Which treatment can help prevent vector self-ligation?

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B. alkaline phosphatase treatment

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Alkaline phosphatase vector ends से phosphate हटाकर self-ligation घटा सकता है। यह cloning efficiency में मदद करता है। / Alkaline phosphatase removes phosphate from vector ends and can reduce self-ligation. This helps cloning efficiency.

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Restriction digest के बाद vector linearization का अर्थ क्या है?

What does vector linearization after restriction digest mean?

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A. circular vector को काटकर linear बनानाCutting circular vector to make it linear

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Linearized vector insert ligation के लिए तैयार हो सकता है। सही site पर cut होना जरूरी है। / A linearized vector can be ready for insert ligation. Cutting at the correct site is necessary.

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Vector और insert को same restriction enzyme से काटने का लाभ क्या है?

What is the benefit of cutting vector and insert with the same restriction enzyme?

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D. compatible ends बन सकते हैंCompatible ends can form

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Same enzyme compatible ends बना सकता है। इससे insert को vector में ligate करना आसान होता है। / The same enzyme can produce compatible ends. This makes ligating insert into vector easier.

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MCS का cloning vector में क्या महत्व है?

What is the importance of MCS in a cloning vector?

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A. Insert cloning के लिए कई restriction sites देनाProviding many restriction sites for insert cloning

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MCS में कई restriction sites होती हैं जहाँ insert clone किया जा सकता है। यह vector design का important part है। / MCS has many restriction sites where an insert can be cloned. It is an important part of vector design.

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Insert-to-vector ratio cloning result को कैसे प्रभावित कर सकता है?

How can insert-to-vector ratio affect cloning results?

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A. Recombinant colony frequency बदल सकती हैRecombinant colony frequency can change

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Incorrect ratio self-ligation या low recombinant yield दे सकता है। Balanced ratio cloning success में मदद करता है। / An incorrect ratio can give self-ligation or low recombinant yield. A balanced ratio helps cloning success.

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Competent host में self-ligated vector क्यों problem है?

Why is a self-ligated vector a problem in a competent host?

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A. यह marker के कारण select हो सकता है पर insert नहीं रखताIt can be selected due to marker but lacks insert

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Self-ligated vector false positives दे सकता है। Insert screening इसे पहचानने में मदद करती है। / A self-ligated vector can give false positives. Insert screening helps identify it.

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Host-vector compatibility का best meaning क्या है?

What is the best meaning of host-vector compatibility?

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A. Vector host में replicate और express हो सकेVector can replicate and express in host

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Host-vector compatibility में ori marker promoter जैसे elements host में काम करते हैं। यह success के लिए जरूरी है। / In host-vector compatibility elements like ori marker promoter work in the host. This is needed for success.

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Narrow host range vector की limitation क्या है?

What is a limitation of a narrow host range vector?

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A. यह केवल कुछ hosts में काम करता हैIt works only in some hosts

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Narrow host range vector हर host में replicate नहीं करता। इसलिए host selection ध्यान से करनी होती है। / A narrow host range vector does not replicate in every host. Therefore host selection must be careful.

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Broad host range vector का लाभ क्या है?

What is the benefit of a broad host range vector?

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A. कई host species में काम कर सकता हैIt can work in many host species

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Broad host range vector कई bacterial hosts में replicate हो सकता है। यह versatile cloning में मदद करता है। / A broad host range vector can replicate in many bacterial hosts. It helps in versatile cloning.

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Host-vector compatibility का सही अर्थ क्या है?

What is the correct meaning of host-vector compatibility?

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C. Vector host में replicate और maintain हो सकेVector can replicate and be maintained in host

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Vector का ori और marker host system में काम करना चाहिए। Compatibility cloning success के लिए जरूरी है। / The vector ori and marker should work in the host system. Compatibility is necessary for cloning success.

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Cloning vector पर सबसे सुरक्षित short note कौन सा है?

Which is the safest short note on cloning vector?

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A. यह foreign DNA को host में carry और replicate कराने वाला DNA vehicle हैIt is a DNA vehicle that carries and replicates foreign DNA in a host

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Cloning vector foreign DNA को host में पहुँचाकर उसकी copies बनवाता है। इसमें ori marker और cloning site जैसे parts होते हैं। / A cloning vector carries foreign DNA into a host and helps make copies. It has parts like ori marker and cloning site.

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Low-copy vector कब उपयोगी हो सकता है?

When can a low-copy vector be useful?

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A. जब insert unstable या toxic हो सकता हैWhen insert may be unstable or toxic

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कुछ inserts high copy में unstable या toxic हो सकते हैं। Low-copy vector ऐसे cases में मदद कर सकता है। / Some inserts can be unstable or toxic at high copy. A low-copy vector can help in such cases.

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High-copy vector का एक practical फायदा क्या है?

What is one practical advantage of a high-copy vector?

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A. अधिक plasmid DNA yieldMore plasmid DNA yield

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High-copy vector से अधिक plasmid copies मिलती हैं। इससे DNA isolation yield बेहतर हो सकती है। / A high-copy vector gives more plasmid copies. This can improve DNA isolation yield.

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कौन सा option cloning vector का गलत application है?

Which option is a wrong application of cloning vector?

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D. Starch digestion enzyme के रूप में उपयोगUse as starch-digesting enzyme

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Cloning vectors DNA carriers हैं। वे starch digestion enzymes नहीं होते। / Cloning vectors are DNA carriers. They are not starch-digesting enzymes.

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कौन सा option host और vector का relation सही बताता है?

Which option correctly describes host and vector relation?

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A. Host vector को replicate कराने में machinery देता हैHost provides machinery for vector replication

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Host cell vector replication और maintenance में मदद करती है। इसलिए host-vector compatibility जरूरी है। / Host cell helps in vector replication and maintenance. Therefore host-vector compatibility is important.

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कौन सा option vector और restriction enzyme का role सही अलग करता है?

Which option correctly separates vector and restriction enzyme roles?

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A. Vector carries DNA और restriction enzyme cuts DNAVector carries DNA and restriction enzyme cuts DNA

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Vector desired DNA को carry करता है। Restriction enzyme vector या insert को defined sites पर काटता है। / A vector carries desired DNA. A restriction enzyme cuts vector or insert at defined sites.

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कौन सा option vector का role और ligase का role सही अलग करता है?

Which option correctly separates the roles of vector and ligase?

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A. Vector carries DNA और ligase joins DNAVector carries DNA and ligase joins DNA

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Vector DNA carrier है और ligase DNA ends जोड़ता है। दोनों recombinant DNA process में अलग roles निभाते हैं। / A vector is a DNA carrier and ligase joins DNA ends. Both have different roles in recombinant DNA process.

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कौन सा vector part cloning planning में सबसे पहले map पर देखा जाता है?

Which vector part is often checked first on a map for cloning planning?

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A. MCS restriction sites

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MCS बताता है कि कौन से restriction sites insert cloning के लिए उपलब्ध हैं। यह cloning strategy तय करने में मदद करता है। / MCS shows which restriction sites are available for insert cloning. It helps decide the cloning strategy.

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Vector map किस जानकारी में मदद करता है?

What information does a vector map help with?

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A. Ori marker MCS और restriction sites की positionPositions of ori marker MCS and restriction sites

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Vector map important features की position दिखाता है। इससे cloning planning आसान होती है। / A vector map shows positions of important features. This makes cloning planning easier.

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किस test से recombinant vector का final भरोसेमंद confirmation मिल सकता है?

Which test can give reliable final confirmation of a recombinant vector?

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A. DNA sequencing

Explanation

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DNA sequencing insert identity और orientation confirm कर सकती है। इसलिए यह final confirmation के लिए मजबूत method है। / DNA sequencing can confirm insert identity and orientation. Therefore it is a strong method for final confirmation.

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किस situation में host cell recombinant vector खो सकती है?

In which situation can a host cell lose recombinant vector?

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A. Selection pressure न होSelection pressure is absent

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Selection pressure न हो तो vector रखने वाली cells को लाभ नहीं मिलता। इससे vector loss हो सकता है। / Without selection pressure cells carrying the vector get no advantage. This can lead to vector loss.

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किस issue से cloning vector में insert stability प्रभावित हो सकती है?

Which issue can affect insert stability in a cloning vector?

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A. Host में insert का unstable होनाInsert being unstable in host

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कुछ inserts host में unstable हो सकते हैं। Vector-host system का चुनाव stability पर असर डाल सकता है। / Some inserts can be unstable in a host. Choice of vector-host system can affect stability.

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किस vector में inducible promoter उपयोगी हो सकता है?

In which vector can an inducible promoter be useful?

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A. Expression vector

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Inducible promoter gene expression को जरूरत के समय चालू करने में मदद करता है। यह expression vector में उपयोगी है। / An inducible promoter helps turn on gene expression when needed. It is useful in an expression vector.

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अगर insert toxic gene product बनाता है तो कौन सा vector design सावधानी माँगेगा?

If an insert produces a toxic gene product which vector design needs caution?

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A. Expression vector design

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Expression vector gene product बनवा सकता है। Toxic product होने पर expression control सावधानी से design करना चाहिए। / An expression vector can produce gene product. If the product is toxic expression control should be designed carefully.

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किस बात से पता चलेगा कि vector empty नहीं है?

What shows that a vector is not empty?

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A. Desired insert DNA की presencePresence of desired insert DNA

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Empty vector में desired insert नहीं होता। Insert की presence vector को recombinant बनाती है। / An empty vector lacks the desired insert. Presence of insert makes the vector recombinant.

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किस cloning result में recombinant vector की सबसे साफ पहचान है?

Which cloning result most clearly identifies a recombinant vector?

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A. Vector में desired insert confirm होDesired insert is confirmed in vector

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Recombinant vector में desired insert मौजूद होना चाहिए। Confirmation restriction analysis या sequencing से की जा सकती है। / A recombinant vector must contain the desired insert. Confirmation can be done by restriction analysis or sequencing.

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एक vector में promoter है और insert coding gene है। इसका उपयोग किसलिए हो सकता है?

A vector has a promoter and insert coding gene. What can it be used for?

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A. Gene expression

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Promoter insert gene की transcription शुरू कराने में मदद करता है। ऐसा vector expression purpose के लिए उपयोगी हो सकता है। / A promoter helps start transcription of the insert gene. Such a vector can be useful for expression purposes.

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किस condition में cloning vector का maintenance बेहतर होगा?

In which condition will cloning vector maintenance be better?

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A. Functional ori और selection pressure होFunctional ori and selection pressure are present

Explanation

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Functional ori vector replication कराता है और selection pressure marker वाला vector बनाए रखने में मदद करता है। / Functional ori allows vector replication and selection pressure helps maintain marker-containing vector.

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कौन सा vector choice factor सबसे ज्यादा insert size से जुड़ा है?

Which vector choice factor is most related to insert size?

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A. Insert capacity

Explanation

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Different vectors की insert capacity अलग होती है। इसलिए vector choice insert size पर निर्भर हो सकती है। / Different vectors have different insert capacities. Therefore vector choice can depend on insert size.

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किस स्थिति में vector-host compatibility खराब मानी जाएगी?

In which condition is vector-host compatibility poor?

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A. Vector ori host में काम नहीं करताVector ori does not work in host

Explanation

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Ori को host replication machinery के साथ काम करना चाहिए। Compatibility खराब होने पर vector replicate नहीं करेगा। / Ori must work with the host replication machinery. If compatibility is poor the vector will not replicate.

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कौन सा step empty vector background कम कर सकता है?

Which step can reduce empty vector background?

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A. Vector dephosphorylation

Explanation

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Vector dephosphorylation self-ligation को घटा सकती है। इससे empty vector colonies कम हो सकती हैं। / Vector dephosphorylation can reduce self-ligation. This can decrease empty vector colonies.

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कौन सा option cloning vector की exam-level पहचान है?

Which option is the exam-level identity of a cloning vector?

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A. Ori marker और cloning site वाला DNA vehicleDNA vehicle with ori marker and cloning site

Explanation

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Exam में cloning vector को DNA vehicle मानें जिसमें replication selection और insertion features हों। यही safest answer है। / In exams treat a cloning vector as a DNA vehicle with replication selection and insertion features. This is the safest answer.

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किस feature से vector को desired gene express कराने में मदद मिलती है?

Which feature helps a vector express the desired gene?

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A. Promoter

Explanation

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Promoter transcription शुरू कराने में मदद करता है। यह expression vector में खास तौर पर जरूरी होता है। / A promoter helps start transcription. It is especially important in an expression vector.

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कौन सा vector example bacterial plasmid cloning से जुड़ा है?

Which vector example is linked with bacterial plasmid cloning?

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A. pBR322

Explanation

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pBR322 plasmid cloning vector का classic example है। इसे bacterial host में use किया जा सकता है। / pBR322 is a classic example of a plasmid cloning vector. It can be used in bacterial hosts.

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कौन सा option cloning vector design का सही लक्ष्य है?

Which option is a correct goal of cloning vector design?

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A. Replication selection और insertion को आसान बनानाMaking replication selection and insertion easy

Explanation

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Vector design में ori marker और cloning site जैसे elements रखे जाते हैं। ये cloning को efficient बनाते हैं। / Vector design includes elements like ori marker and cloning site. These make cloning efficient.

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यदि vector में बहुत सारे random cut sites हों तो क्या समस्या हो सकती है?

If a vector has many random cut sites what problem can occur?

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A. Unwanted cutting हो सकती हैUnwanted cutting can occur

Explanation

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Controlled cloning के लिए useful defined restriction sites चाहिए। Random cuts vector को नुकसान पहुँचा सकते हैं। / Controlled cloning needs useful defined restriction sites. Random cuts can damage the vector.

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कौन सा statement cloning vector के लिए सही है?

Which statement is correct for a cloning vector?

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A. It must be able to carry foreign DNA

Explanation

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Cloning vector का basic function foreign DNA carry करना है। यही gene cloning का first requirement है। / The basic function of a cloning vector is carrying foreign DNA. This is the first requirement of gene cloning.

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कौन सा vector feature host में maintain रहने में मदद करता है?

Which vector feature helps it remain maintained in a host?

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A. Ori और selectable markerOri and selectable marker

Explanation

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Ori replication कराता है और marker selection में मदद करता है। दोनों vector maintenance में उपयोगी हैं। / Ori allows replication and marker helps selection. Both are useful in vector maintenance.

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कौन सा feature केवल vector replication से सबसे अधिक जुड़ा है?

Which feature is most directly linked with vector replication?

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A. Ori

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Ori replication initiation का स्थान है। यह vector copy formation से सीधे जुड़ा है। / Ori is the site of replication initiation. It is directly linked with vector copy formation.

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cDNA library में cloning vector किसे carry कर सकता है?

In a cDNA library what can a cloning vector carry?

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A. mRNA से बने complementary DNA fragmentsComplementary DNA fragments made from mRNA

Explanation

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cDNA library में expressed genes से बने complementary DNA fragments clone किए जाते हैं। Vector इन fragments को carry करता है। / In a cDNA library complementary DNA fragments made from expressed genes are cloned. The vector carries these fragments.

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Genomic library बनाने में vector का उपयोग क्यों होता है?

Why is a vector used in making a genomic library?

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A. Genome fragments को clone और maintain करने के लिएTo clone and maintain genome fragments

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Genomic library में genome के DNA fragments vectors में रखे जाते हैं। इससे उनका अध्ययन और storage संभव होता है। / In a genomic library DNA fragments of the genome are kept in vectors. This allows study and storage.

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क्लोनिंग vector में insert capacity का अर्थ क्या है?

What does insert capacity mean in a cloning vector?

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A. वेक्टर कितना डीएनए insert carry कर सकता हैHow much DNA insert a vector can carry

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Insert capacity vector द्वारा carry किए जाने वाले DNA fragment के size से जुड़ी है। Different vectors की capacities अलग हो सकती हैं। / Insert capacity is related to the size of DNA fragment a vector can carry. Different vectors can have different capacities.

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Directional cloning empty vector problem को कैसे घटा सकती है?

How can directional cloning reduce empty vector problem?

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A. दो अलग ends से self-joining कठिन हो सकती हैTwo different ends can make self-joining difficult

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दो अलग restriction ends vector के self-ligation को घटा सकते हैं। इससे desired insert cloning बेहतर हो सकती है। / Two different restriction ends can reduce vector self-ligation. This can improve desired insert cloning.

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Self-ligated vector cloning में क्यों समस्या है?

Why is a self-ligated vector a problem in cloning?

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A. Vector insert के बिना बंद हो जाता हैVector closes without insert

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Self-ligation में vector अपने ही सिरों से जुड़ जाता है। इससे desired recombinant clone नहीं बनता। / In self-ligation the vector joins its own ends. This does not form the desired recombinant clone.

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Empty vector colony selection में क्यों बच सकती है?

Why can an empty vector colony survive selection?

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A. उसमें marker हो सकता है लेकिन insert नहींIt may have marker but no insert

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Empty vector marker के कारण antibiotic पर बढ़ सकता है। लेकिन desired insert न होने से screening जरूरी है। / An empty vector can grow on antibiotic due to the marker. But screening is needed because it lacks the desired insert.

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फेज vector का आधार कौन सा जीववैज्ञानिक घटक है?

What biological component is the basis of a phage vector?

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A. Bacteriophage

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Bacteriophage bacteria को infect करने वाला virus है। Modified phages cloning vectors के रूप में उपयोग हो सकते हैं। / A bacteriophage is a virus that infects bacteria. Modified phages can be used as cloning vectors.

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क्लोनिंग vector में insert cloning के बाद मुख्य अगला lab step क्या हो सकता है?

What can be the main next lab step after insert cloning into a vector?

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A. Transformation into host cell

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Recombinant vector बनने के बाद उसे host cell में डाला जा सकता है। इसे transformation कहा जाता है। / After a recombinant vector is made it can be introduced into a host cell. This is called transformation.

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कौन सा विकल्प cloning vector की सबसे सुरक्षित परिभाषा है?

Which option is the safest definition of a cloning vector?

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A. विदेशी डीएनए को host में ले जाने वाला डीएनए वाहकA DNA carrier that takes foreign DNA into a host

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Cloning vector foreign DNA को host में carry करता है। यह DNA cloning का basic vehicle है। / A cloning vector carries foreign DNA into a host. It is the basic vehicle of DNA cloning.

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किस vector का उपयोग बहुत बड़े डीएनए inserts के लिए किया जा सकता है?

Which vector can be used for very large DNA inserts?

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A. YAC

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YAC बहुत बड़े DNA inserts carry करने के लिए जाना जाता है। इसे yeast based vector मानकर याद रखें। / YAC is known for carrying very large DNA inserts. Remember it as a yeast-based vector.

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Cloning vector के बिना gene cloning में कौन सा काम कठिन होगा?

Which task becomes difficult in gene cloning without a cloning vector?

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A. Desired DNA को host में carry करनाCarrying desired DNA into host

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Vector desired DNA को host में carry करता है। इसके बिना desired DNA copies बनवाना कठिन होगा। / A vector carries desired DNA into a host. Without it making copies of desired DNA becomes difficult.

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कौन सा कथन cloning vector के बारे में गलत है?

Which statement about a cloning vector is incorrect?

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D. यह हमेशा starch digestion enzyme होता हैIt is always a starch-digesting enzyme

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Cloning vector DNA carrier होता है enzyme नहीं। इसका काम foreign DNA को host में ले जाना है। / A cloning vector is a DNA carrier not a digestive enzyme. Its role is to carry foreign DNA into a host.

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कौन सा combination recombinant vector बनाने के लिए सबसे सही है?

Which combination is most correct for making a recombinant vector?

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A. Vector plus insert DNA plus DNA ligase

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Recombinant vector बनाने के लिए insert को vector से जोड़ा जाता है। DNA ligase इस joining में मदद करता है। / To make a recombinant vector the insert is joined with the vector. DNA ligase helps in this joining.

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Empty vector समस्या क्या है?

What is the empty vector problem?

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A. Vector में desired insert नहीं होताVector lacks desired insert

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Empty vector selection से बच सकता है लेकिन desired gene नहीं रखता। इसलिए screening जरूरी होती है। / An empty vector may survive selection but lacks the desired gene. Therefore screening is needed.

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क्लोनिंग vector में promoter कब अधिक जरूरी होता है?

When is a promoter more necessary in a cloning vector?

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A. जब gene expression चाहिएWhen gene expression is needed

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Promoter gene expression शुरू कराने में मदद करता है। Expression vector में promoter विशेष रूप से महत्वपूर्ण होता है। / A promoter helps start gene expression. It is especially important in an expression vector.

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