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One cut in a circular plasmid makes one linear DNA molecule. This is a basic rule of plasmid digestion.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. एक linear DNA molecule / One linear DNA molecule. One cut in a circular plasmid makes one linear DNA molecule. This is a basic rule of plasmid digestion.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Circular plasmid में एक cut उसे linear DNA molecule बना देता है। यह plasmid digestion का basic rule है।
B. DNA fragments को size के आधार पर अलग करने के लिए/To separate DNA fragments by size
Step 1
Concept
Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments by size. This shows the restriction pattern.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. DNA fragments को size के आधार पर अलग करने के लिए / To separate DNA fragments by size. Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments by size. This shows the restriction pattern.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Gel electrophoresis DNA fragments को size के आधार पर अलग करता है। इससे restriction pattern दिखता है।
Smaller DNA fragments move more easily through a gel. Therefore they generally move farther.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. अधिक दूर जाता है / Moves farther. Smaller DNA fragments move more easily through a gel. Therefore they generally move farther.
Step 3
Exam Tip
छोटे DNA fragments gel में अधिक आसानी से आगे बढ़ते हैं। इसलिए वे सामान्यतः अधिक दूर जाते हैं।
HaeIII is studied for the GGCC sequence and blunt ends. This can be a direct example question.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GGCC और blunt ends / GGCC and blunt ends. HaeIII is studied for the GGCC sequence and blunt ends. This can be a direct example question.
Step 3
Exam Tip
HaeIII GGCC sequence और blunt ends के लिए पढ़ा जाता है। यह direct example question हो सकता है।
Neoschizomers can recognize the same sequence but may cut at different positions. This is a terminology-based question.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. neoschizomer. Neoschizomers can recognize the same sequence but may cut at different positions. This is a terminology-based question.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Neoschizomers same sequence recognize कर सकते हैं लेकिन cut position अलग हो सकती है। यह terminology-based question है।
Isoschizomers are different enzymes that recognize the same recognition sequence. Remember the term with its meaning.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. isoschizomers. Isoschizomers are different enzymes that recognize the same recognition sequence. Remember the term with its meaning.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Isoschizomers अलग enzymes होते हैं पर same recognition sequence पहचानते हैं। परीक्षा में term और meaning साथ याद रखें।
A restriction enzyme recognizes its specific DNA recognition sequence. This defines its specificity.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. DNA recognition sequence. A restriction enzyme recognizes its specific DNA recognition sequence. This defines its specificity.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Restriction enzyme अपने specific DNA recognition sequence को पहचानता है। इसी से उसकी specificity तय होती है।
Complementary sticky ends can base pair. DNA ligase then forms a permanent bond.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ends complementary हों / Ends are complementary. Complementary sticky ends can base pair. DNA ligase then forms a permanent bond.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Complementary sticky ends base pairing कर सकते हैं। DNA ligase फिर permanent bond बनाता है।
Blunt ends have no complementary overhang. Therefore initial base pairing support is absent.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. overhang absent हो / Overhang is absent. Blunt ends have no complementary overhang. Therefore initial base pairing support is absent.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Blunt ends में complementary overhang नहीं होता। इसलिए initial base pairing support नहीं मिलता।
A. bacteria से मिले और DNA cut करते हैं/Found in bacteria and cut DNA
Step 1
Concept
Restriction enzymes are bacterial-origin DNA cutting tools. This easy-level summary is most important.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. bacteria से मिले और DNA cut करते हैं / Found in bacteria and cut DNA. Restriction enzymes are bacterial-origin DNA cutting tools. This easy-level summary is most important.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Restriction enzymes bacterial origin के DNA cutting tools हैं। यह easy-level summary सबसे महत्वपूर्ण है।
D. वे मुख्य रूप से glucose synthesis enzyme हैं/They are mainly glucose synthesis enzymes
Step 1
Concept
Restriction enzymes are not glucose synthesis enzymes. Their main role is DNA cutting.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. वे मुख्य रूप से glucose synthesis enzyme हैं / They are mainly glucose synthesis enzymes. Restriction enzymes are not glucose synthesis enzymes. Their main role is DNA cutting.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Restriction enzymes glucose synthesis enzymes नहीं हैं। उनका मुख्य कार्य DNA cutting है।
Restriction enzymes are useful in DNA analysis and recombinant DNA. Enzymes like amylase are used for starch digestion.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. starch digestion. Restriction enzymes are useful in DNA analysis and recombinant DNA. Enzymes like amylase are used for starch digestion.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Restriction enzymes DNA analysis और recombinant DNA में उपयोगी हैं। Starch digestion के लिए amylase जैसे enzymes होते हैं।
A. directional cloning आसान होना/Easier directional cloning
Step 1
Concept
Two different enzymes can create different ends. This can improve insert orientation control.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. directional cloning आसान होना / Easier directional cloning. Two different enzymes can create different ends. This can improve insert orientation control.
Step 3
Exam Tip
दो अलग enzymes अलग ends बना सकते हैं। इससे insert orientation control बेहतर हो सकता है।
A. कम DNA या weak staining/Low DNA or weak staining
Step 1
Concept
Low DNA or weak staining can make small bands hard to see. Remember sample amount in practical interpretation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कम DNA या weak staining / Low DNA or weak staining. Low DNA or weak staining can make small bands hard to see. Remember sample amount in practical interpretation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कम DNA या weak staining से छोटे band देखना कठिन हो सकता है। Practical interpretation में sample amount याद रखें।
A. enzyme के लिए proper pH और ionic condition देना/Giving proper pH and ionic condition for enzyme
Step 1
Concept
Buffer makes the reaction environment suitable for enzyme activity. Wrong buffer can affect digestion.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. enzyme के लिए proper pH और ionic condition देना / Giving proper pH and ionic condition for enzyme. Buffer makes the reaction environment suitable for enzyme activity. Wrong buffer can affect digestion.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Buffer reaction environment को enzyme activity के लिए suitable बनाता है। गलत buffer digestion को प्रभावित कर सकता है।
A. उन्हें heat से बचाकर cold condition में रखना/Keep them cold and protected from heat
Step 1
Concept
Restriction enzymes are proteins and can be heat sensitive. Cold storage preserves activity.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उन्हें heat से बचाकर cold condition में रखना / Keep them cold and protected from heat. Restriction enzymes are proteins and can be heat sensitive. Cold storage preserves activity.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Restriction enzymes proteins हैं और heat sensitive हो सकते हैं। Cold storage activity को सुरक्षित रखती है।
Restriction enzymes make cuts in the phosphodiester backbone of DNA. Therefore their target is DNA.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. DNA phosphodiester backbone. Restriction enzymes make cuts in the phosphodiester backbone of DNA. Therefore their target is DNA.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Restriction enzymes DNA के phosphodiester backbone में cuts बनाते हैं। इसलिए उनका target DNA है।
In restriction endonuclease endonuclease means cutting inside a nucleic acid. This fact is linked with the meaning of the name.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. endonuclease. In restriction endonuclease endonuclease means cutting inside a nucleic acid. This fact is linked with the meaning of the name.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Restriction endonuclease में endonuclease का अर्थ nucleic acid के अंदर cut करना है। यह नाम के अर्थ से जुड़ा fact है।
A. restriction enzyme specific internal cut कर सकता है/Restriction enzyme can make a specific internal cut
Step 1
Concept
Restriction enzyme makes internal cuts like an endonuclease. Exonuclease removes nucleotides from ends.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. restriction enzyme specific internal cut कर सकता है / Restriction enzyme can make a specific internal cut. Restriction enzyme makes internal cuts like an endonuclease. Exonuclease removes nucleotides from ends.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Restriction enzyme endonuclease की तरह internal cut करता है। Exonuclease ends से nucleotides हटाता है।
A. opposite directions में दोनों strands पर same reading/Same reading on both strands in opposite directions
Step 1
Concept
Many restriction sites are palindromic. This is a common feature in restriction enzyme recognition.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. opposite directions में दोनों strands पर same reading / Same reading on both strands in opposite directions. Many restriction sites are palindromic. This is a common feature in restriction enzyme recognition.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कई restriction sites palindromic होते हैं। यह restriction enzyme recognition में common feature है।
A. अपना DNA restriction enzyme से cut हो सकता है/Its own DNA may be cut by restriction enzyme
Step 1
Concept
Methylation protects self DNA from restriction enzymes. Without it self DNA can become vulnerable.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अपना DNA restriction enzyme से cut हो सकता है / Its own DNA may be cut by restriction enzyme. Methylation protects self DNA from restriction enzymes. Without it self DNA can become vulnerable.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Methylation self DNA को restriction enzyme से बचाती है। इसके बिना own DNA भी vulnerable हो सकता है।
Bacteria can cut invading phage DNA. The natural role of restriction enzymes is defense.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. phage DNA को cut करना / Cutting phage DNA. Bacteria can cut invading phage DNA. The natural role of restriction enzymes is defense.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Bacteria invading phage DNA को cut कर सकते हैं। Restriction enzyme का natural role defense है।
A. DNA को specific site पर cut करना/Cutting DNA at specific site
Step 1
Concept
Restriction enzymes are important for making desired cut sites in recombinant DNA. Without them controlled cutting is difficult.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. DNA को specific site पर cut करना / Cutting DNA at specific site. Restriction enzymes are important for making desired cut sites in recombinant DNA. Without them controlled cutting is difficult.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Recombinant DNA में desired cut sites बनाने के लिए restriction enzymes महत्वपूर्ण हैं। इनके बिना controlled cutting कठिन होती है।
A. bacteria defense और lab cloning/Bacterial defense and lab cloning
Step 1
Concept
The natural role is bacterial defense and artificial lab use is in cloning. This is complete concept revision.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. bacteria defense और lab cloning / Bacterial defense and lab cloning. The natural role is bacterial defense and artificial lab use is in cloning. This is complete concept revision.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Natural role bacterial defense है और artificial lab use cloning में है। यह complete concept revision है।
A. joining difficult होगी/Joining will be difficult
Step 1
Concept
Incompatible ends will not base pair properly. Therefore ligation efficiency may decrease.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. joining difficult होगी / Joining will be difficult. Incompatible ends will not base pair properly. Therefore ligation efficiency may decrease.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Incompatible ends properly base pair नहीं कर पाएंगे। इसलिए ligation efficiency घट सकती है।
A. two different restriction enzymes use करना/Using two different restriction enzymes
Step 1
Concept
Two different enzymes create different ends. This can place the insert in a preferred direction.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. two different restriction enzymes use करना / Using two different restriction enzymes. Two different enzymes create different ends. This can place the insert in a preferred direction.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Two different enzymes अलग ends बनाते हैं। इससे insert एक preferred direction में लग सकता है।
A. enzyme plasmid को selected site पर cut कर सकता है/Enzyme can cut plasmid at a selected site
Step 1
Concept
In plasmid cloning a restriction enzyme can cut at a selected site. This creates space for inserting DNA.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. enzyme plasmid को selected site पर cut कर सकता है / Enzyme can cut plasmid at a selected site. In plasmid cloning a restriction enzyme can cut at a selected site. This creates space for inserting DNA.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Plasmid cloning में restriction enzyme selected site पर cut कर सकता है। इससे insert लगाने की जगह बनती है।
A. cut fragments को covalent bond से जोड़ना/Joining cut fragments by covalent bonds
Step 1
Concept
DNA ligase joins DNA fragments by forming phosphodiester bonds. Restriction enzyme is for cutting.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. cut fragments को covalent bond से जोड़ना / Joining cut fragments by covalent bonds. DNA ligase joins DNA fragments by forming phosphodiester bonds. Restriction enzyme is for cutting.
Step 3
Exam Tip
DNA ligase phosphodiester bonds बनाकर DNA fragments जोड़ता है। Restriction enzyme cutting के लिए होता है।
A. digestion incomplete हो सकता है/Digestion may be incomplete
Step 1
Concept
With too little enzyme all sites may not be cut. This can produce a partial digestion pattern.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. digestion incomplete हो सकता है / Digestion may be incomplete. With too little enzyme all sites may not be cut. This can produce a partial digestion pattern.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कम enzyme से सभी sites पर cut नहीं हो सकता। इससे partial digestion pattern आ सकता है।
A. suitable buffer और active enzyme/Suitable buffer and active enzyme
Step 1
Concept
Active enzyme and suitable buffer are needed for restriction digestion. Check conditions in practical MCQs.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. suitable buffer और active enzyme / Suitable buffer and active enzyme. Active enzyme and suitable buffer are needed for restriction digestion. Check conditions in practical MCQs.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Active enzyme और suitable buffer restriction digestion के लिए जरूरी हैं। Practical MCQs में conditions जरूर देखें।
Restriction enzyme questions may ask source sequence and end type. Revising them in table form is useful.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. enzyme source recognition sequence end type. Restriction enzyme questions may ask source sequence and end type. Revising them in table form is useful.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Restriction enzyme questions में source sequence और end type पूछे जा सकते हैं। इन्हें table form में revise करना उपयोगी है।
A. वे defined recognition sites के पास cut करते हैं/They cut near defined recognition sites
Step 1
Concept
Type II enzymes cut at defined sites. That is why they are considered more useful in biotechnology.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वे defined recognition sites के पास cut करते हैं / They cut near defined recognition sites. Type II enzymes cut at defined sites. That is why they are considered more useful in biotechnology.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Type II enzymes defined sites पर cut करते हैं। इसीलिए biotechnology में उन्हें अधिक उपयोगी माना जाता है।
A. DNA molecules को cut करते हैं/They cut DNA molecules
Step 1
Concept
The term molecular scissors is due to their DNA cutting ability. It is a popular name for restriction enzymes.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. DNA molecules को cut करते हैं / They cut DNA molecules. The term molecular scissors is due to their DNA cutting ability. It is a popular name for restriction enzymes.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Molecular scissors शब्द DNA cutting ability के कारण दिया गया है। यह restriction enzymes का popular नाम है।
A. specific DNA sequences को cut करने वाले bacterial enzymes/Bacterial enzymes that cut specific DNA sequences
Step 1
Concept
This definition gives both source and function. It is the most useful definition for Class 11 exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. specific DNA sequences को cut करने वाले bacterial enzymes / Bacterial enzymes that cut specific DNA sequences. This definition gives both source and function. It is the most useful definition for Class 11 exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
यह definition source और function दोनों बताती है। Class 11 exam में यही सबसे उपयोगी definition है।
A. restriction enzyme DNA fragments बनाने में मदद करता है/Restriction enzyme helps make DNA fragments
Step 1
Concept
Making recombinant DNA needs different DNA fragments. Restriction enzymes prepare them with specific cuts.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. restriction enzyme DNA fragments बनाने में मदद करता है / Restriction enzyme helps make DNA fragments. Making recombinant DNA needs different DNA fragments. Restriction enzymes prepare them with specific cuts.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Recombinant DNA बनाने में अलग DNA fragments की जरूरत होती है। Restriction enzymes उन्हें specific cuts से तैयार करते हैं।
A. bands DNA fragments को show करते हैं/Bands show DNA fragments
Step 1
Concept
After restriction digestion gel bands show positions of DNA fragments. Their size can be compared with a ladder.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. bands DNA fragments को show करते हैं / Bands show DNA fragments. After restriction digestion gel bands show positions of DNA fragments. Their size can be compared with a ladder.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Restriction digestion के बाद gel bands DNA fragments के position को दिखाते हैं। उनका size ladder से compare किया जा सकता है।
A. specific DNA cutting bacterial enzymes useful in cloning
Step 1
Concept
Restriction enzymes are bacteria-linked specific DNA cutters. Remember them with recombinant DNA and cloning.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. specific DNA cutting bacterial enzymes useful in cloning. Restriction enzymes are bacteria-linked specific DNA cutters. Remember them with recombinant DNA and cloning.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Restriction enzymes bacteria से जुड़े specific DNA cutters हैं। इन्हें recombinant DNA और cloning से जोड़कर याद रखें।
