100 results found for "plasmid cloning" in all classes.
Which vector example is linked with bacterial plasmid cloning?
A. pBR322
pBR322 plasmid cloning vector का classic example है। इसे bacterial host में use किया जा सकता है। / pBR322 is a classic example of a plasmid cloning vector. It can be used in bacterial hosts.
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Which host is commonly used in plasmid cloning?
A. एशेरिशिया कोलाईEscherichia coli
Escherichia coli plasmid cloning का common host है। यह तेजी से बढ़ता है और lab में संभालना आसान है। / Escherichia coli is a common host for plasmid cloning. It grows fast and is easy to handle in labs.
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Why can supercoiled plasmid look different from linear plasmid on gel?
A. supercoiled shape migration बदलती हैSupercoiled shape changes migration
Plasmid conformation gel mobility को प्रभावित करती है। इसलिए uncut plasmid के bands अलग दिख सकते हैं। / Plasmid conformation affects gel mobility. Therefore uncut plasmid bands can look different.
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Which vector can be more suitable than a plasmid for large insert cloning?
A. BAC
BAC large DNA insert cloning के लिए उपयोगी हो सकता है। Simple plasmids अक्सर छोटे inserts के लिए ज्यादा convenient होते हैं। / BAC can be useful for large DNA insert cloning. Simple plasmids are often more convenient for smaller inserts.
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Which statement is correct about plasmid cloning vectors?
A. वे छोटे circular DNA carriers हो सकते हैंThey can be small circular DNA carriers
Plasmid vectors circular DNA carriers की तरह काम करते हैं। वे host में replicate हो सकते हैं। / Plasmid vectors work like circular DNA carriers. They can replicate in a host.
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Why is a multiple cloning site useful in a plasmid?
A. उसमें कई restriction sites होते हैंIt contains many restriction sites
Multiple cloning site में कई restriction sites होने से insert डालने के विकल्प मिलते हैं। इसे cloning flexibility से जोड़ें। / A multiple cloning site provides options for inserting DNA through many restriction sites. Link it with cloning flexibility.
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Which task becomes difficult in gene cloning without a cloning vector?
A. Desired DNA को host में carry करनाCarrying desired DNA into host
Vector desired DNA को host में carry करता है। इसके बिना desired DNA copies बनवाना कठिन होगा। / A vector carries desired DNA into a host. Without it making copies of desired DNA becomes difficult.
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What can happen to cloning if plasmid prep is not clean in restriction digestion?
A. digestion और ligation दोनों प्रभावित हो सकते हैंBoth digestion and ligation can be affected
Contaminants restriction enzyme और ligase reactions को inhibit कर सकते हैं। Clean preparation important है। / Contaminants can inhibit restriction enzyme and ligase reactions. Clean preparation is important.
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What becomes difficult if a cloning vector has no cloning site?
A. इंसर्ट डीएनए को जोड़नाInserting DNA
Cloning site insert DNA जोड़ने का designed स्थान देती है। इसके बिना insertion नियंत्रित नहीं रहेगा। / A cloning site provides the designed location for adding insert DNA. Without it insertion will not be controlled.
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What would be difficult in gene cloning without a cloning vector?
A. Desired DNA को host में ले जाकर copy बनानाCarrying desired DNA into host and making copies
Vector desired DNA को host में पहुँचाकर replication में मदद करता है। इसलिए gene cloning में vector जरूरी है। / A vector carries desired DNA into a host and helps replication. Therefore a vector is necessary in gene cloning.
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What is the use of a multiple cloning site in a cloning vector?
A. कई restriction sites देनाProviding many restriction sites
Multiple cloning site में कई restriction enzyme sites होते हैं। इससे insert जोड़ने के विकल्प बढ़ जाते हैं। / A multiple cloning site contains many restriction enzyme sites. It increases options for inserting DNA.
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If foreign DNA is successfully joined into a plasmid, what can the plasmid be called?
A. पुनः संयोजित प्लाज्मिडRecombinant plasmid
विदेशी डीएनए जुड़ने के बाद प्लाज्मिड पुनः संयोजित प्लाज्मिड कहलाता है। यह मेजबान में डाला जा सकता है। / After foreign DNA is inserted, the plasmid is called a recombinant plasmid. It can be introduced into a host.
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Which host is commonly used with cloning vectors?
A. एशेरिशिया कोलाईEscherichia coli
Escherichia coli plasmid cloning के लिए बहुत common host है। यह जल्दी बढ़ता है और प्रयोगशाला में संभालना आसान है। / Escherichia coli is a very common host for plasmid cloning. It grows fast and is easy to handle in the lab.
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Which molecule is commonly studied as a cloning vector?
A. प्लास्मिडPlasmid
प्लास्मिड छोटे वृत्ताकार डीएनए अणु होते हैं और cloning vectors के रूप में बहुत उपयोगी हैं। परीक्षा में plasmid को common vector याद रखें। / Plasmids are small circular DNA molecules and are very useful as cloning vectors. Remember plasmid as a common vector.
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On what basis can a plasmid and BAC be chosen?
A. Insert size और experiment needInsert size and experiment need
Small inserts के लिए plasmid convenient हो सकता है और large inserts के लिए BAC useful हो सकता है। Vector choice insert size पर निर्भर हो सकती है। / A plasmid can be convenient for small inserts and BAC can be useful for large inserts. Vector choice can depend on insert size.
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Which vector can be considered different from plasmid due to large insert capacity?
A. BAC
BAC large inserts को carry करने में useful है। Simple plasmids आमतौर पर smaller inserts के लिए सुविधाजनक होते हैं। / BAC is useful for carrying large inserts. Simple plasmids are usually convenient for smaller inserts.
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T-DNA in Ti plasmid is linked with what?
A. Plant cell में DNA transferDNA transfer into plant cell
T-DNA पौधे की कोशिका में transfer हो सकता है। modified Ti plasmid plant biotechnology में उपयोगी है। / T-DNA can be transferred into plant cells. Modified Ti plasmid is useful in plant biotechnology.
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Which option gives the correct basic structure of a plasmid vector?
A. छोटा circular double-stranded DNASmall circular double-stranded DNA
Plasmid vectors सामान्यतः छोटे circular double-stranded DNA होते हैं। ये host में replicate कर सकते हैं। / Plasmid vectors are usually small circular double-stranded DNA. They can replicate in a host.
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Which part of Ti plasmid is transferred into plants?
A. T-DNA
Ti plasmid का T-DNA पौधे की कोशिका में transfer होता है। Biotechnology में इसे modified करके उपयोग किया जाता है। / The T-DNA of Ti plasmid is transferred into plant cells. In biotechnology it is used after modification.
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Ti plasmid is associated with which bacterium?
A. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Ti plasmid Agrobacterium tumefaciens में पाया जाता है। Modified Ti plasmid plant transformation में उपयोगी है। / Ti plasmid is found in Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Modified Ti plasmid is useful in plant transformation.
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Which statement about plasmid vector is wrong?
D. यह हमेशा chlorophyll pigment होता हैIt is always chlorophyll pigment
Plasmid vector DNA carrier होता है pigment नहीं। इसमें ori और selectable marker जैसे parts हो सकते हैं। / A plasmid vector is a DNA carrier not a pigment. It can have parts like ori and selectable marker.
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T-DNA of Ti plasmid is linked with what?
A. पौधे की कोशिका में DNA transferDNA transfer into plant cell
T-DNA भाग पौधे की कोशिका में स्थानांतरित हो सकता है। Modified Ti plasmid plant transformation में उपयोगी है। / The T-DNA part can be transferred into plant cells. Modified Ti plasmid is useful in plant transformation.
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What must be joined to form a recombinant plasmid in cloning?
A. प्लास्मिड वेक्टर और insert डीएनएPlasmid vector and insert DNA
Recombinant plasmid में vector और insert DNA का जुड़ना जरूरी है। यह जोड़ DNA ligase करता है। / A recombinant plasmid needs joining of vector and insert DNA. DNA ligase performs this joining.
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What should be the final revision answer for Cloning Vectors topic?
A. Vectors with ori marker and cloning site carry foreign DNA into host
Final revision में vector को DNA carrier और ori marker cloning site को core features मानें। यही exam-safe summary है। / In final revision treat vector as a DNA carrier and ori marker cloning site as core features. This is an exam-safe summary.
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Which option can improve cloning efficiency of a vector?
A. Clear selectable marker और useful cloning siteClear selectable marker and useful cloning site
Clear marker selection में और useful cloning site insertion में मदद करती है। ये vector efficiency बढ़ा सकते हैं। / A clear marker helps selection and a useful cloning site helps insertion. These can increase vector efficiency.
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What is the best easy-level summary of a cloning vector?
A. Ori marker और cloning site वाला DNA carrierDNA carrier with ori marker and cloning site
Easy level पर cloning vector को DNA carrier मानें जिसमें ori marker और cloning site होते हैं। इन्हीं functions से questions बनते हैं। / At easy level treat cloning vector as a DNA carrier with ori marker and cloning site. Questions are built from these functions.
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Which statement about a cloning vector is correct?
A. यह DNA carrier की तरह काम करता हैIt acts as a DNA carrier
Cloning vector desired DNA को host में carry करता है। यह gene cloning का basic tool है। / A cloning vector carries desired DNA into a host. It is a basic tool of gene cloning.
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Which is a common bacterial host in plasmid cloning?
D. ई कोलाईE coli
ई कोलाई तेजी से बढ़ता है और प्लास्मिड रख सकता है। इसलिए यह क्लोनिंग में सामान्य होस्ट है। / E coli grows fast and can maintain plasmids. Therefore it is a common cloning host.
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Which option gives the correct identity of a plasmid?
B. छोटा स्वतंत्र वृत्ताकार डीएनएSmall independent circular DNA
प्लास्मिड छोटे स्वतंत्र वृत्ताकार डीएनए अणु होते हैं। वे क्लोनिंग वेक्टर के रूप में बहुत उपयोगी हैं। / Plasmids are small independent circular DNA molecules. They are very useful as cloning vectors.
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Why would cloning be difficult if a plasmid cannot replicate?
A. इच्छित जीन की प्रतियाँ नहीं बढ़ेंगीCopies of the desired gene will not increase
क्लोनिंग के लिए प्लाज्मिड की प्रतियाँ बनना जरूरी है। प्रतिकृति न होने पर जीन की संख्या नहीं बढ़ेगी। / For cloning, plasmid copies must be made. Without replication, the number of gene copies will not increase.
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Why is supercoiled form relevant in plasmid DNA cutting?
A. वह gel migration को प्रभावित करता हैIt affects gel migration
Uncut supercoiled plasmid linear plasmid से अलग migrate करता है। Digest success समझने के लिए यह relevant है। / Uncut supercoiled plasmid migrates differently from linear plasmid. It is relevant for understanding digest success.
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What helps distinguish nicked form and linear form of a plasmid?
A. restriction digestion और uncut control comparisonRestriction digestion and uncut control comparison
Uncut control plasmid conformations दिखाता है। Cut sample से तुलना interpretation आसान करती है। / Uncut control shows plasmid conformations. Comparison with cut sample makes interpretation easier.
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Why is separation from chromosomal DNA necessary in plasmid DNA isolation?
A. pure plasmid preparation पाने के लिएTo obtain pure plasmid preparation
Plasmid prep का goal plasmid DNA प्राप्त करना है। Chromosomal DNA contamination downstream analysis को प्रभावित कर सकती है। / The goal of plasmid prep is to obtain plasmid DNA. Chromosomal DNA contamination can affect downstream analysis.
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Which cloning vector is useful with a common bacterial host?
A. Plasmid vector
Plasmid vectors अक्सर E coli जैसे bacterial host में उपयोग किए जाते हैं। ये simple cloning में common हैं। / Plasmid vectors are often used in bacterial hosts like E coli. They are common in simple cloning.
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Which is a correct example of a cloning vector?
A. पीबीआर तीन सौ बाईसpBR322
pBR322 एक प्रसिद्ध plasmid cloning vector है। इसमें origin और selectable markers जैसे भाग होते हैं। / pBR322 is a famous plasmid cloning vector. It has parts such as origin and selectable markers.
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What benefit can low endonuclease activity give in plasmid preparation?
A. Plasmid DNA degradation कम हो सकती हैPlasmid DNA degradation can decrease
Endonuclease-deficient host plasmid quality बेहतर रख सकता है। यह cloning strain का useful feature है। / An endonuclease-deficient host can keep plasmid quality better. This is a useful feature of cloning strains.
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Why is gene expression not always immediately required after plasmid uptake?
A. Cloning में पहले DNA copy और selection important होते हैंIn cloning DNA copy and selection are important first
Simple cloning में goal insert DNA की copies बनाना होता है। Expression vector अलग purpose के लिए होता है। / In simple cloning the goal is to make copies of insert DNA. An expression vector has a different purpose.
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Which option correctly links restriction enzyme and plasmid opening?
A. enzyme plasmid को selected site पर cut कर सकता हैEnzyme can cut plasmid at a selected site
Plasmid cloning में restriction enzyme selected site पर cut कर सकता है। इससे insert लगाने की जगह बनती है। / In plasmid cloning a restriction enzyme can cut at a selected site. This creates space for inserting DNA.
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If plasmid and insert are cut with two different enzymes what can be a benefit?
A. directional cloning आसान होनाEasier directional cloning
दो अलग enzymes अलग ends बना सकते हैं। इससे insert orientation control बेहतर हो सकता है। / Two different enzymes can create different ends. This can improve insert orientation control.
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A plasmid map has many restriction sites in a small region. What can that region be called?
A. multiple cloning site
Multiple cloning site में कई restriction sites होती हैं। यह insert DNA cloning में flexibility देता है। / A multiple cloning site has many restriction sites. It provides flexibility in insert DNA cloning.
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Which is the safest short note on cloning vector?
A. यह foreign DNA को host में carry और replicate कराने वाला DNA vehicle हैIt is a DNA vehicle that carries and replicates foreign DNA in a host
Cloning vector foreign DNA को host में पहुँचाकर उसकी copies बनवाता है। इसमें ori marker और cloning site जैसे parts होते हैं। / A cloning vector carries foreign DNA into a host and helps make copies. It has parts like ori marker and cloning site.
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Which option is a wrong application of cloning vector?
D. Starch digestion enzyme के रूप में उपयोगUse as starch-digesting enzyme
Cloning vectors DNA carriers हैं। वे starch digestion enzymes नहीं होते। / Cloning vectors are DNA carriers. They are not starch-digesting enzymes.
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Which vector part is often checked first on a map for cloning planning?
A. MCS restriction sites
MCS बताता है कि कौन से restriction sites insert cloning के लिए उपलब्ध हैं। यह cloning strategy तय करने में मदद करता है। / MCS shows which restriction sites are available for insert cloning. It helps decide the cloning strategy.
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In which cloning design is cutting insert with two different enzymes useful?
A. Directional cloning
दो अलग enzymes insert के ends अलग बनाते हैं। इससे insert orientation control होता है। / Two different enzymes create different ends on the insert. This controls insert orientation.
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Why does MCS increase cloning flexibility?
A. कई restriction sites उपलब्ध कराता हैIt provides many restriction sites
MCS में कई enzyme sites होते हैं। इससे different enzymes से insert cloning के विकल्प मिलते हैं। / MCS has many enzyme sites. This provides options for insert cloning with different enzymes.
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What is the biggest advantage of different ends in directional cloning?
A. Insert की सही direction control करनाControlling correct insert direction
अलग ends insert को एक preferred orientation में जोड़ने में मदद करते हैं। यह expression experiments में उपयोगी हो सकता है। / Different ends help join the insert in a preferred orientation. This can be useful in expression experiments.
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Which option is the exam-level identity of a cloning vector?
A. Ori marker और cloning site वाला DNA vehicleDNA vehicle with ori marker and cloning site
Exam में cloning vector को DNA vehicle मानें जिसमें replication selection और insertion features हों। यही safest answer है। / In exams treat a cloning vector as a DNA vehicle with replication selection and insertion features. This is the safest answer.
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In which case can a simple cloning vector be sufficient?
A. जब केवल DNA copies चाहिएWhen only DNA copies are needed
Simple cloning vector DNA की copies बनाने के लिए useful है। Gene product चाहिए तो expression vector बेहतर हो सकता है। / A simple cloning vector is useful for making DNA copies. If gene product is needed an expression vector may be better.
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Which option gives the correct cloning workflow order?
A. Vector cutting insert ligation transformation selection
सामान्य cloning workflow में vector तैयार कर insert ligate करके host में transform किया जाता है। फिर selection और screening होती है। / In a common cloning workflow the vector is prepared insert is ligated and transformed into host. Then selection and screening occur.
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Which statement is correct for a cloning vector?
A. It must be able to carry foreign DNA
Cloning vector का basic function foreign DNA carry करना है। यही gene cloning का first requirement है। / The basic function of a cloning vector is carrying foreign DNA. This is the first requirement of gene cloning.
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In a cDNA library what can a cloning vector carry?
A. mRNA से बने complementary DNA fragmentsComplementary DNA fragments made from mRNA
cDNA library में expressed genes से बने complementary DNA fragments clone किए जाते हैं। Vector इन fragments को carry करता है। / In a cDNA library complementary DNA fragments made from expressed genes are cloned. The vector carries these fragments.
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Which option correctly links cloning vector and gene library?
A. कई DNA fragments को vectors में store करनाStoring many DNA fragments in vectors
Gene library में अनेक DNA fragments अलग-अलग vectors में cloned रखे जा सकते हैं। यह genome study में उपयोगी है। / In a gene library many DNA fragments can be cloned in different vectors. This is useful in genome study.
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How can directional cloning reduce empty vector problem?
A. दो अलग ends से self-joining कठिन हो सकती हैTwo different ends can make self-joining difficult
दो अलग restriction ends vector के self-ligation को घटा सकते हैं। इससे desired insert cloning बेहतर हो सकती है। / Two different restriction ends can reduce vector self-ligation. This can improve desired insert cloning.
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Why is a self-ligated vector a problem in cloning?
A. Vector insert के बिना बंद हो जाता हैVector closes without insert
Self-ligation में vector अपने ही सिरों से जुड़ जाता है। इससे desired recombinant clone नहीं बनता। / In self-ligation the vector joins its own ends. This does not form the desired recombinant clone.
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If a cloning site is inside a marker gene what may happen when insert enters?
A. Marker gene inactive हो सकता हैMarker gene can become inactive
Insert marker gene को disrupt कर सकता है। इसे insertional inactivation कहा जाता है। / An insert can disrupt a marker gene. This is called insertional inactivation.
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What is the best exam summary of Cloning Vectors topic?
A. Vectors DNA carriers हैं जिनमें ori marker और cloning site होते हैंVectors are DNA carriers with ori marker and cloning site
Cloning vectors DNA carriers हैं जो foreign DNA को host में replicate करवाते हैं। उनके core parts को functions के साथ याद करें। / Cloning vectors are DNA carriers that help foreign DNA replicate in a host. Remember their core parts with functions.
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Which option is the safest definition of a cloning vector?
A. विदेशी डीएनए को host में ले जाने वाला डीएनए वाहकA DNA carrier that takes foreign DNA into a host
Cloning vector foreign DNA को host में carry करता है। यह DNA cloning का basic vehicle है। / A cloning vector carries foreign DNA into a host. It is the basic vehicle of DNA cloning.
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Which option is the correct group of core features of a cloning vector?
A. Ori selectable marker और cloning siteOri selectable marker and cloning site
Ori replication के लिए marker selection के लिए और cloning site insertion के लिए होती है। ये vector के basic parts हैं। / Ori is for replication marker is for selection and cloning site is for insertion. These are basic parts of a vector.
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Which statement about a cloning vector is incorrect?
D. यह हमेशा starch digestion enzyme होता हैIt is always a starch-digesting enzyme
Cloning vector DNA carrier होता है enzyme नहीं। इसका काम foreign DNA को host में ले जाना है। / A cloning vector is a DNA carrier not a digestive enzyme. Its role is to carry foreign DNA into a host.
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Why can two different restriction enzymes be used in directional cloning?
A. Insert को सही दिशा में जोड़ने के लिएTo join insert in correct orientation
दो अलग enzymes अलग ends बनाते हैं। इससे insert की direction control करना आसान होता है। / Two different enzymes make different ends. This makes it easier to control insert direction.
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What is the safest exam answer for a cloning vector?
A. ओरी selectable marker और cloning site वाला डीएनए वाहकDNA carrier with ori selectable marker and cloning site
Exam में cloning vector को DNA carrier मानें जिसमें replication selection और insertion features हों। यही concise answer है। / In exams treat a cloning vector as a DNA carrier with replication selection and insertion features. This is the concise answer.
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Which option is the best final summary of Cloning Vectors topic?
A. Vectors foreign DNA को host में ले जाकर copy बनवाते हैंVectors carry foreign DNA into host and allow copying
Cloning vectors DNA carriers हैं जो foreign DNA को host में replicate करवाते हैं। Ori marker और cloning site इनके core features हैं। / Cloning vectors are DNA carriers that help foreign DNA replicate in a host. Ori marker and cloning site are their core features.
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Which option correctly relates cloning vector and insert size?
A. Different vectors different insert sizes carry कर सकते हैंDifferent vectors can carry different insert sizes
Plasmid phage BAC और YAC जैसे vectors की insert capacity अलग हो सकती है। Vector choice insert size पर निर्भर हो सकती है। / Vectors such as plasmid phage BAC and YAC can have different insert capacities. Vector choice can depend on insert size.
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Which option links cloning vectors with a gene library?
A. Many different DNA inserts को vectors में maintain करनाMaintaining many different DNA inserts in vectors
Gene library में कई DNA fragments vectors में cloned रखे जा सकते हैं। यह DNA study में उपयोगी है। / In a gene library many DNA fragments can be kept cloned in vectors. This is useful in DNA study.
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Which option is a wrong example of a cloning vector?
D. Pepsin
Pepsin protein digestion enzyme है cloning vector नहीं। pBR322 pUC और Ti plasmid vector examples हैं। / Pepsin is a protein-digesting enzyme not a cloning vector. pBR322 pUC and Ti plasmid are vector examples.
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Which option is a wrong use of a cloning site?
D. Antibiotic selection का mediumMedium for antibiotic selection
Cloning site vector पर insertion region होता है। Antibiotic selection medium separate plate condition है। / A cloning site is an insertion region on the vector. Antibiotic selection medium is a separate plate condition.
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Which option is most correct for a cloning vector?
A. It is a DNA vehicle for cloning a desired DNA segment
Cloning vector desired DNA segment को host में carry करता है। यह DNA cloning का vehicle है। / A cloning vector carries a desired DNA segment into a host. It is the vehicle of DNA cloning.
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Which result can indicate correct cloning of an insert?
A. Expected size का band gel में दिखनाBand of expected size appears in gel
Expected band insert की presence का संकेत दे सकता है। Final confirmation के लिए sequencing भी उपयोगी हो सकती है। / An expected band can indicate presence of insert. Sequencing can also be useful for final confirmation.
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What does directional cloning vector design help with?
A. Insert orientation control
Directional cloning अलग ends के कारण insert को desired direction में जोड़ने में मदद करती है। यह expression experiments में उपयोगी हो सकता है। / Directional cloning uses different ends to help insert DNA in the desired direction. It can be useful in expression experiments.
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What is the most important comparison in the topic Cloning Vectors?
A. Ori replication marker selection cloning site insertion
Ori replication के लिए marker selection के लिए और cloning site insertion के लिए होता है। यही सबसे उपयोगी comparison है। / Ori is for replication marker is for selection and cloning site is for insertion. This is the most useful comparison.
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Which feature can make a vector unsafe or less useful for cloning?
A. Selectable marker की कमीLack of selectable marker
Selectable marker न हो तो transformed cells चुनना कठिन होगा। इसलिए marker की कमी vector usefulness घटाती है। / Without a selectable marker it is difficult to select transformed cells. Therefore lack of marker reduces vector usefulness.
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Why are two different ends made in a vector during directional cloning?
A. Insert को सही दिशा में जोड़ने के लिएTo join insert in correct orientation
दो अलग restriction enzymes अलग ends बना सकते हैं। इससे insert की direction control हो सकती है। / Two different restriction enzymes can create different ends. This can control insert direction.
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Why can insert orientation matter in a cloning vector?
A. Expression या downstream use प्रभावित हो सकता हैExpression or downstream use can be affected
Insert की दिशा gene expression या analysis को प्रभावित कर सकती है। Directional cloning orientation control में मदद करती है। / Insert direction can affect gene expression or analysis. Directional cloning helps control orientation.
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Which option is related to correct position of insert in a cloning vector?
A. Cloning site
Insert DNA cloning site या MCS में जोड़ा जाता है। यह vector का designed insertion region होता है। / Insert DNA is added at the cloning site or MCS. This is the designed insertion region of the vector.
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Why is vector copy number important in cloning?
A. यह DNA yield को प्रभावित कर सकता हैIt can affect DNA yield
Higher copy number से अधिक plasmid DNA मिल सकता है। इसलिए copy number cloning output से जुड़ा है। / Higher copy number can provide more plasmid DNA. Therefore copy number is linked with cloning output.
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What problem can occur if a cloning vector has too many random restriction sites?
A. अनचाहे कट और cloning difficultyUnwanted cuts and cloning difficulty
Controlled cloning के लिए useful और defined restriction sites चाहिए। Random multiple cuts vector को नुकसान पहुँचा सकते हैं। / Controlled cloning needs useful and defined restriction sites. Random multiple cuts can damage the vector.
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What is the benefit of many restriction sites in a multiple cloning site?
A. Insert DNA जोड़ने के कई विकल्प मिलते हैंIt gives many options to insert DNA
MCS में कई restriction sites होने से enzyme selection आसान होता है। यह cloning flexibility बढ़ाता है। / Many restriction sites in MCS make enzyme selection easier. It increases cloning flexibility.
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Why is keeping a cloning site unique useful?
A. वेक्टर को एक निश्चित स्थान पर खोलने के लिएTo open the vector at one defined place
Unique cloning site controlled insertion में मदद करती है। इससे insert सही स्थान पर जोड़ा जा सकता है। / A unique cloning site helps controlled insertion. The insert can be added at a defined position.
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What is the most important exam link in the topic Cloning Vectors?
A. ओरी marker और cloning siteOri marker and cloning site
Cloning vector के basic parts ori marker और cloning site हैं। इन्हें functions के साथ याद करें। / The basic parts of a cloning vector are ori marker and cloning site. Remember them with their functions.
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What is the safest definition of a cloning vector?
A. वह डीएनए वाहक जो foreign DNA को host में ले जाकर replicate कराता हैA DNA carrier that takes foreign DNA into host and helps it replicate
Cloning vector foreign DNA को host में carry करता है और copy number बढ़ाने में मदद करता है। यही topic का मूल सार है। / A cloning vector carries foreign DNA into a host and helps increase copy number. This is the core summary of the topic.
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Which option is a correct group of features of a cloning vector?
A. ओरी selectable marker और cloning siteOri selectable marker and cloning site
एक अच्छे cloning vector में ori marker और cloning site जैसे भाग होने चाहिए। ये replication selection और insertion में मदद करते हैं। / A good cloning vector should have parts like ori marker and cloning site. They help in replication selection and insertion.
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Which cloning vector is known for carrying large DNA inserts?
A. बीएसीBAC
BAC large DNA fragments को clone करने के लिए उपयोगी होता है। Easy level में इसे large insert vector याद रखें। / BAC is useful for cloning large DNA fragments. At easy level remember it as a large insert vector.
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What is a simple difference between expression vector and cloning vector?
A. Expression vector gene product बनवाने में मदद करता हैExpression vector helps produce gene product
Cloning vector DNA की copies बनाने के लिए होता है। Expression vector gene expression और product formation में मदद करता है। / A cloning vector is for making DNA copies. An expression vector helps gene expression and product formation.
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Which option is not an essential part of a cloning vector?
D. क्लोरोफिल pigmentChlorophyll pigment
Cloning vector में ori selectable marker और cloning site जरूरी होते हैं। Chlorophyll pigment cloning vector का आवश्यक भाग नहीं है। / A cloning vector needs ori selectable marker and cloning site. Chlorophyll pigment is not an essential part of a cloning vector.
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For a very large insert which vector can be considered instead of a simple plasmid?
A. BAC या YACBAC or YAC
BAC और YAC बड़े DNA inserts के लिए उपयोगी हो सकते हैं। Simple plasmid अक्सर छोटे inserts के लिए convenient है। / BAC and YAC can be useful for large DNA inserts. A simple plasmid is often convenient for smaller inserts.
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A plasmid vector has ampR gene. What is its use on an ampicillin plate?
A. ampicillin-resistant transformed cells चुननाSelecting ampicillin-resistant transformed cells
ampR gene ampicillin resistance देता है। इससे vector-containing cells ampicillin plate पर grow कर सकती हैं। / ampR gene gives ampicillin resistance. Thus vector-containing cells can grow on an ampicillin plate.
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A plasmid vector has ori but no marker. What will be the main difficulty?
A. Transformed cells को चुनना कठिन होगाSelecting transformed cells will be difficult
Ori replication में मदद करता है लेकिन marker selection के लिए चाहिए। Marker न होने पर transformed cells पहचानना कठिन है। / Ori helps in replication but marker is needed for selection. Without marker identifying transformed cells is difficult.
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How can a plasmid remain separate from the chromosome in a host cell?
A. स्वतंत्र वृत्ताकार डीएनए के रूप मेंAs independent circular DNA
प्लास्मिड chromosome से अलग स्वतंत्र डीएनए अणु होते हैं। वे अपने origin के कारण replicate कर सकते हैं। / Plasmids are independent DNA molecules separate from the chromosome. They can replicate due to their origin.
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What is the usual shape of plasmid DNA?
B. वृत्ताकार डीएनएCircular DNA
प्लास्मिड सामान्यतः छोटा वृत्ताकार डीएनए होता है। यही गुण इसे वेक्टर के रूप में उपयोगी बनाता है। / A plasmid is usually small circular DNA. This feature makes it useful as a vector.
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Why is a plasmid considered a good cloning vector?
A. इसमें प्रतिकृति क्षमता और विदेशी डीएनए ले जाने की क्षमता हो सकती हैIt can replicate and carry foreign DNA
अच्छे प्लाज्मिड वाहक में प्रतिकृति उद्गम और चयन चिह्न जैसे गुण हो सकते हैं। इसलिए यह जीन क्लोनिंग में उपयोगी है। / A good plasmid vector may have an origin of replication and selectable marker. That makes it useful in gene cloning.
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Why is reduced restriction activity useful in a cloning host?
D. Incoming plasmid DNA protect रहता हैIncoming plasmid DNA remains protected
Reduced restriction activity foreign plasmid degradation घटाती है। इससे transformation success बढ़ सकती है। / Reduced restriction activity decreases degradation of foreign plasmid. This can improve transformation success.
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When is high copy number useful in a cloning vector?
A. जब अधिक plasmid DNA चाहिएWhen more plasmid DNA is needed
High copy number से प्रति cell अधिक plasmid copies मिल सकती हैं। इससे plasmid DNA yield बढ़ती है। / High copy number can give more plasmid copies per cell. This increases plasmid DNA yield.
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What does copy number mean in a cloning vector?
A. एक कोशिका में वेक्टर की प्रतियों की संख्याNumber of vector copies in a cell
Copy number बताता है कि एक होस्ट कोशिका में plasmid की कितनी प्रतियाँ हो सकती हैं। यह DNA yield को प्रभावित कर सकता है। / Copy number tells how many plasmid copies can be present in one host cell. It can affect DNA yield.
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Why is a multiple cloning site useful?
A. उसमें कई restriction sites होते हैंIt has many restriction sites
Multiple cloning site कई restriction enzyme sites प्रदान करता है। इससे insert cloning के विकल्प बढ़ते हैं। / A multiple cloning site provides many restriction enzyme sites. This increases options for insert cloning.
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Why can PCR product and plasmid digest patterns differ in restriction digestion?
A. PCR product linear होता है और plasmid circular हो सकता हैPCR product is linear and plasmid can be circular
Linear और circular DNA में same cut sites अलग fragment count दे सकते हैं। Shape pattern को प्रभावित करती है। / Linear and circular DNA can give different fragment counts with same cut sites. Shape affects pattern.
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What can appear on gel if plasmid prep has genomic DNA contamination in restriction digest?
A. high molecular smear या extra DNA signalHigh molecular smear or extra DNA signal
Genomic DNA contamination gel pattern को confuse कर सकती है। Clean plasmid prep जरूरी है। / Genomic DNA contamination can confuse gel pattern. Clean plasmid prep is necessary.
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Plasmid linearization in restriction digest can prove what?
A. enzyme ने plasmid में one site पर cut कियाThe enzyme cut at one site in plasmid
Single cut circular plasmid को linear बनाता है। Linear band expected size के आसपास दिख सकती है। / A single cut makes a circular plasmid linear. The linear band can appear near expected size.
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Why is high-quality plasmid prep necessary in restriction digestion?
A. clear and reliable band pattern पाने के लिएTo obtain clear and reliable band pattern
Clean plasmid enzyme digestion में better काम करता है। Contaminants partial digestion दे सकते हैं। / Clean plasmid works better in enzyme digestion. Contaminants can give partial digestion.
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How can gel purification remove uncut plasmid in restriction digest?
A. cut linear band को अलग excise करकेBy excising the cut linear band separately
Uncut plasmid अलग mobility दिखा सकता है। Desired cut band को अलग purify किया जा सकता है। / Uncut plasmid can show different mobility. The desired cut band can be purified separately.
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Why can a nicked plasmid create confusion in restriction digest?
A. वह अलग mobility दिखाकर extra band जैसा लग सकता हैIt can show different mobility and look like an extra band
Plasmid conformation अलग bands दे सकती है। इसलिए uncut control interpretation में मदद करता है। / Plasmid conformation can give different bands. Therefore uncut control helps interpretation.
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