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Class 11 Biotechnology - Processes Of Recombinant Dna Technology - Cutting of DNA Easy Quiz

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टाइप प्रथम प्रतिबंध एंजाइम recombinant cloning में कम उपयोगी क्यों होते हैं?

Why are Type I restriction enzymes less useful in recombinant cloning?

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B. वे recognition site से दूर और कम predictable जगह काट सकते हैंThey may cut far from recognition site and less predictably

Explanation

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Cloning में predictable cut जरूरी होता है। इसलिए Type II enzymes अधिक उपयोगी माने जाते हैं। / A predictable cut is needed in cloning. Therefore Type II enzymes are considered more useful.

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टाइप द्वितीय प्रतिबंध एंजाइम cloning में क्यों पसंद किए जाते हैं?

Why are Type II restriction enzymes preferred in cloning?

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C. क्योंकि वे specific और predictable cuts देते हैंBecause they give specific and predictable cuts

Explanation

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Type II enzymes defined recognition sites पर cut करते हैं। यह vector और insert preparation में मदद करता है। / Type II enzymes cut at defined recognition sites. This helps in vector and insert preparation.

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Restriction enzyme का cut predictable होना cloning plan में किसलिए जरूरी है?

Why is predictable cutting by a restriction enzyme necessary in a cloning plan?

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D. desired DNA ends और fragments पाने के लिएTo obtain desired DNA ends and fragments

Explanation

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Predictable cut से planned fragment मिलता है। परीक्षा में इसे successful cloning की base condition समझें। / A predictable cut gives the planned fragment. In exams understand it as a base condition for successful cloning.

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Restriction enzyme की specificity किस बात पर निर्भर करती है?

On what does the specificity of a restriction enzyme depend?

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A. recognition sequence परOn recognition sequence

Explanation

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Enzyme वही DNA sequence पहचानता है जिसके लिए वह specific है। इसलिए sequence information जरूरी है। / The enzyme recognizes the DNA sequence for which it is specific. Therefore sequence information is necessary.

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Restriction site की frequency किससे प्रभावित होती है?

What affects the frequency of a restriction site?

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B. recognition sequence की length और DNA sequence composition सेBy recognition sequence length and DNA sequence composition

Explanation

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छोटी sites सामान्यतः अधिक बार मिल सकती हैं। DNA composition भी site frequency को प्रभावित करता है। / Shorter sites may occur more often. DNA composition also affects site frequency.

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छह base वाली restriction site चार base वाली site से सामान्यतः क्या अंतर रखती है?

How does a six-base restriction site generally differ from a four-base site?

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C. वह कम बार मिलने की संभावना रखती हैIt is likely to occur less often

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Longer site random DNA में कम बार मिलती है। इसलिए fewer fragments मिल सकते हैं। / A longer site occurs less often in random DNA. Therefore fewer fragments may be obtained.

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Rare cutter restriction enzyme से क्या अपेक्षा की जाती है?

What is expected from a rare-cutter restriction enzyme?

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D. कम cut sites और बड़े fragmentsFewer cut sites and larger fragments

Explanation

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Rare cutters लंबी recognition sequence पहचान सकते हैं। इससे DNA कम जगह कटता है। / Rare cutters can recognize longer sequences. Thus DNA is cut at fewer places.

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Frequent cutter enzyme किस स्थिति में उपयोगी हो सकता है?

In which situation can a frequent-cutter enzyme be useful?

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A. restriction pattern analysis में छोटे fragments पाने के लिएTo obtain small fragments for restriction pattern analysis

Explanation

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Frequent cutter कई छोटे fragments दे सकता है। इसे mapping या analysis में सावधानी से use किया जाता है। / A frequent cutter can give many small fragments. It is used carefully in mapping or analysis.

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Restriction enzyme से बने fragments का size किस पर निर्भर करता है?

On what does the size of fragments made by restriction enzyme depend?

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B. cut sites की positions परOn positions of cut sites

Explanation

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Cut sites जहाँ होंगे fragments की length वही तय करेगी। Restriction map इसी बात को दिखाता है। / Fragment length is determined by the positions of cut sites. A restriction map shows this.

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Restriction map बनाने में digestion data किसलिए उपयोगी होता है?

Why is digestion data useful in making a restriction map?

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C. cut site positions का अनुमान लगाने के लिएTo estimate cut site positions

Explanation

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Different digests के fragment sizes compare करके cut sites का अनुमान लगाया जाता है। यह mapping का basic idea है। / Cut site positions are estimated by comparing fragment sizes from different digests. This is the basic idea of mapping.

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Single digest restriction mapping में क्या जानकारी दे सकता है?

What information can a single digest give in restriction mapping?

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D. एक enzyme के cut sites से बने fragment sizesFragment sizes made by one enzyme cut sites

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Single digest एक enzyme का pattern देता है। Complete map के लिए double digests भी useful होते हैं। / A single digest gives the pattern for one enzyme. Double digests are also useful for a complete map.

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Double digest restriction map को कैसे बेहतर बनाता है?

How does double digest improve a restriction map?

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A. दो enzymes के sites की relative positions बताकरBy indicating relative positions of two enzyme sites

Explanation

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Double digest fragments sites के बीच की distances समझने में मदद करते हैं। इससे map अधिक clear होता है। / Double digest fragments help understand distances between sites. This makes the map clearer.

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Restriction mapping में complete digestion क्यों आवश्यक है?

Why is complete digestion necessary in restriction mapping?

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A. क्योंकि partial digestion false fragment pattern दे सकती हैBecause partial digestion can give a false fragment pattern

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Incomplete cutting extra bands दे सकता है। Mapping में accurate band pattern बहुत जरूरी है। / Incomplete cutting can give extra bands. Accurate band pattern is very important in mapping.

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Partial digestion mapping में किस तरह भ्रम पैदा कर सकती है?

How can partial digestion create confusion in mapping?

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B. uncut और intermediate fragments दिखाकरBy showing uncut and intermediate fragments

Explanation

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Partial digest में कुछ molecules fully cut नहीं होते। इससे actual map से अलग bands दिख सकते हैं। / In partial digest some molecules are not fully cut. This can show bands different from the actual map.

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Restriction fragment pattern में एक unexpected large band किसका संकेत हो सकता है?

What can an unexpected large band in restriction fragment pattern indicate?

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C. incomplete digestion

Explanation

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Large band uncut या partially cut DNA का संकेत हो सकता है। Reaction time और enzyme activity check करें। / A large band can indicate uncut or partially cut DNA. Check reaction time and enzyme activity.

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Restriction fragment pattern में बहुत छोटे extra bands किससे जुड़ सकते हैं?

Very small extra bands in restriction fragment pattern can be linked with what?

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D. extra cut sites या star activityExtra cut sites or star activity

Explanation

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Extra small bands nonspecific cutting या additional sites दिखा सकते हैं। Controls से confirm करें। / Extra small bands can show nonspecific cutting or additional sites. Confirm with controls.

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Restriction enzyme reaction में substrate DNA का circular होना fragment count को कैसे प्रभावित करता है?

How does circular substrate DNA affect fragment count in restriction enzyme reaction?

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A. एक cut circular DNA को linear बना सकता हैOne cut can make circular DNA linear

Explanation

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Circular DNA एक site पर कटकर linear molecule बनता है। Linear DNA में वही एक cut दो fragments दे सकता है। / Circular DNA cut at one site becomes a linear molecule. The same one cut in linear DNA can give two fragments.

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Linear DNA में cut sites की संख्या और fragments की संख्या का सामान्य संबंध क्या है?

What is the general relation between number of cut sites and fragments in linear DNA?

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B. fragments सामान्यतः cut sites plus oneFragments generally equal cut sites plus one

Explanation

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Linear DNA में हर internal cut fragment count बढ़ाता है। इसलिए one cut से two fragments बनते हैं। / Each internal cut increases fragment count in linear DNA. Therefore one cut gives two fragments.

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Circular DNA में cut sites की संख्या और fragments का सामान्य संबंध क्या है?

What is the general relation between cut sites and fragments in circular DNA?

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C. fragments सामान्यतः cut sites के बराबरFragments generally equal cut sites

Explanation

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Circular DNA में two cut sites two fragments दे सकते हैं। One cut केवल molecule को linear बनाता है। / In circular DNA two cut sites can give two fragments. One cut only linearizes the molecule.

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Restriction digest में plasmid linearization किस बात का प्रमाण हो सकता है?

Plasmid linearization in restriction digest can prove what?

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A. enzyme ने plasmid में one site पर cut कियाThe enzyme cut at one site in plasmid

Explanation

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Single cut circular plasmid को linear बनाता है। Linear band expected size के आसपास दिख सकती है। / A single cut makes a circular plasmid linear. The linear band can appear near expected size.

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Plasmid पर nicked form और linear form को अलग करने में कौन सहायक है?

What helps distinguish nicked form and linear form of a plasmid?

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A. restriction digestion और uncut control comparisonRestriction digestion and uncut control comparison

Explanation

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Uncut control plasmid conformations दिखाता है। Cut sample से तुलना interpretation आसान करती है। / Uncut control shows plasmid conformations. Comparison with cut sample makes interpretation easier.

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Restriction digestion में agarose gel की pore size किससे प्रभावित होती है?

What affects pore size of agarose gel in restriction digestion analysis?

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A. agarose concentration सेBy agarose concentration

Explanation

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Agarose concentration बदलने से gel pore size बदलती है। इससे fragment resolution प्रभावित होता है। / Changing agarose concentration changes gel pore size. This affects fragment resolution.

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बड़े DNA fragments को अलग करने के लिए सामान्यतः कैसी agarose concentration helpful होती है?

What agarose concentration is generally helpful for separating large DNA fragments?

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B. lower concentration

Explanation

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Lower agarose में pores बड़े होते हैं। बड़े fragments के migration और separation में मदद मिलती है। / Lower agarose has larger pores. It helps migration and separation of large fragments.

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छोटे restriction fragments की resolution बढ़ाने के लिए क्या किया जा सकता है?

What can be done to improve resolution of small restriction fragments?

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C. higher percentage agarose gel use करेंUse higher percentage agarose gel

Explanation

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Higher agarose concentration छोटे fragments को बेहतर अलग कर सकती है। Gel percentage expected size पर depend करता है। / Higher agarose concentration can separate small fragments better. Gel percentage depends on expected size.

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Restriction fragments के analysis में pulsed-field gel electrophoresis कब useful हो सकता है?

When can pulsed-field gel electrophoresis be useful in restriction fragment analysis?

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D. बहुत बड़े DNA fragments अलग करने के लिएTo separate very large DNA fragments

Explanation

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PFGE large DNA fragments की separation में उपयोगी होता है। इसे सामान्य agarose gel से अलग application मानें। / PFGE is useful for separation of large DNA fragments. Treat it as a different application from normal agarose gel.

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Restriction digestion के बाद gel में DNA stain क्यों जरूरी है?

Why is DNA stain needed in a gel after restriction digestion?

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A. DNA bands को visible बनाने के लिएTo make DNA bands visible

Explanation

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DNA खुद आँखों से clear नहीं दिखता। Stain bands को imaging में दिखाता है। / DNA is not clearly visible by eyes itself. Stain shows bands during imaging.

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DNA stain choosing में safety क्यों important है?

Why is safety important while choosing DNA stain?

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A. कुछ stains hazardous हो सकते हैंSome stains can be hazardous

Explanation

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कुछ DNA stains mutagenic या hazardous माने जाते हैं। PPE और proper disposal जरूरी हैं। / Some DNA stains are considered mutagenic or hazardous. PPE and proper disposal are necessary.

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Restriction digestion में gel image overexposure से क्या समस्या आती है?

What problem arises from overexposure of gel image in restriction digestion?

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A. bands की intensity comparison खराब हो सकती हैBand intensity comparison can become poor

Explanation

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Overexposed bands saturated दिखते हैं। Accurate documentation के लिए exposure सही रखें। / Overexposed bands look saturated. Keep proper exposure for accurate documentation.

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Restriction digest में underexposed gel image का क्या प्रभाव है?

What is the effect of an underexposed gel image in restriction digest?

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A. faint bands miss हो सकती हैंFaint bands can be missed

Explanation

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Underexposure weak DNA bands छिपा सकता है। Proper imaging result interpretation में जरूरी है। / Underexposure can hide weak DNA bands. Proper imaging is necessary for result interpretation.

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Restriction digestion में lane overloading से क्या समस्या होती है?

What problem occurs due to lane overloading in restriction digestion?

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A. bands diffuse या smear हो सकते हैंBands can become diffuse or smeared

Explanation

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बहुत ज्यादा DNA lane में साफ bands नहीं दे सकता। Proper loading amount रखें। / Too much DNA in a lane may not give clear bands. Keep proper loading amount.

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Restriction digest में sample wells damage होने से क्या हो सकता है?

What can happen if sample wells are damaged in restriction digest gel?

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A. sample leak या poor loading हो सकती हैSample leakage or poor loading can occur

Explanation

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Damaged wells sample को सही तरह hold नहीं करते। Gel casting और loading सावधानी से करें। / Damaged wells do not hold sample properly. Cast and load the gel carefully.

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Loading dye में dense component का उद्देश्य क्या है?

What is the purpose of the dense component in loading dye?

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A. sample को well में बैठाने में मददHelping sample settle in well

Explanation

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Dense component sample को well में नीचे बैठाता है। Dye front run progress दिखाता है। / The dense component helps sample settle in the well. Dye front shows run progress.

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Restriction digest sample में loading dye कब मिलाया जाता है?

When is loading dye mixed with restriction digest sample?

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A. gel loading से पहलेBefore gel loading

Explanation

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Loading dye gel पर sample load करने से पहले मिलाया जाता है। यह digestion enzyme नहीं है। / Loading dye is mixed before loading sample on gel. It is not a digestion enzyme.

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Gel run में DNA bands curved दिखें तो क्या कारण हो सकता है?

What can cause curved DNA bands in a gel run?

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A. uneven heating या gel running issueUneven heating or gel running issue

Explanation

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High voltage या uneven gel condition band shape बिगाड़ सकती है। Proper voltage और buffer रखें। / High voltage or uneven gel condition can distort band shape. Keep proper voltage and buffer.

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Restriction digest gel में smiling bands क्या संकेत दे सकते हैं?

What can smiling bands in restriction digest gel indicate?

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A. uneven heating या high voltageUneven heating or high voltage

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Smiling bands gel run condition problem दिखाते हैं। Voltage और buffer temperature control करें। / Smiling bands indicate gel running condition problem. Control voltage and buffer temperature.

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Restriction digestion में buffer reuse करने से क्या समस्या हो सकती है?

What problem can occur by reusing buffer in restriction digestion gel?

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A. poor conductivity और weak band resolutionPoor conductivity and weak band resolution

Explanation

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Old buffer ionic balance खो सकता है। Fresh running buffer clear separation में मदद करता है। / Old buffer can lose ionic balance. Fresh running buffer helps clear separation.

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Restriction digest में gel buffer और gel casting buffer same type क्यों होना चाहिए?

Why should gel buffer and gel casting buffer be the same type in restriction digest analysis?

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A. consistent ionic condition के लिएFor consistent ionic condition

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Different buffers ionic mismatch पैदा कर सकते हैं। यह migration और resolution को affect कर सकता है। / Different buffers can create ionic mismatch. This can affect migration and resolution.

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Restriction digest gel में DNA ladder गलत lane में load हो जाए तो क्या समस्या होगी?

What problem occurs if DNA ladder is loaded in the wrong lane?

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A. lane interpretation confuse हो सकती हैLane interpretation can be confused

Explanation

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Lane map सही न हो तो size comparison गलत हो सकता है। Loading order record करें। / If lane map is wrong size comparison can be incorrect. Record loading order.

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Restriction digest में ladder range sample fragments से match क्यों होनी चाहिए?

Why should ladder range match sample fragments in restriction digest?

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A. accurate size estimation के लिएFor accurate size estimation

Explanation

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अगर ladder expected size range cover नहीं करती तो size estimate कमजोर होगा। सही ladder choose करें। / If ladder does not cover expected size range size estimate will be weak. Choose the correct ladder.

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Restriction digest में very close fragment sizes को अलग करने के लिए क्या strategy हो सकती है?

What strategy can separate very close fragment sizes in restriction digest?

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A. longer run और suitable agarose percentageLonger run and suitable agarose percentage

Explanation

Simple Explanation

Close bands को resolve करने के लिए gel condition optimize करनी पड़ती है। Agarose percentage और run time मदद करते हैं। / Gel conditions must be optimized to resolve close bands. Agarose percentage and run time help.

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Restriction digestion में gel के बजाय capillary electrophoresis कब useful हो सकता है?

When can capillary electrophoresis be useful instead of gel in restriction digestion?

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A. high resolution fragment sizing के लिएFor high resolution fragment sizing

Explanation

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Capillary electrophoresis fragments को precise sizing दे सकता है। यह advanced analysis में useful है। / Capillary electrophoresis can give precise sizing of fragments. It is useful in advanced analysis.

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Restriction fragment analysis में band intensity से क्या rough information मिल सकती है?

What rough information can band intensity give in restriction fragment analysis?

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A. DNA amount in band का अनुमानEstimate of DNA amount in band

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Band brightness DNA mass से जुड़ी होती है। यह exact quantification नहीं पर rough estimate देती है। / Band brightness is related to DNA mass. It gives a rough estimate but not exact quantification.

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Restriction digest में equal mass fragments अलग brightness क्यों दिखा सकते हैं?

Why can equal mass fragments show different brightness in restriction digest?

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A. stain binding और imaging conditions के कारणDue to stain binding and imaging conditions

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Band intensity कई factors से प्रभावित होती है। इसलिए size और mass interpretation सावधानी से करें। / Band intensity is affected by many factors. Therefore interpret size and mass carefully.

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Restriction digestion में image record के साथ lane legend क्यों लिखना चाहिए?

Why should a lane legend be written with image record in restriction digestion?

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A. किस lane में क्या है यह बताने के लिएTo show what is in each lane

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Lane legend के बिना gel image का meaning clear नहीं रहता। यह documentation का जरूरी भाग है। / Without a lane legend the gel image meaning is unclear. It is an essential part of documentation.

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Restriction digest result में raw gel image क्यों save करनी चाहिए?

Why should the raw gel image be saved in restriction digest results?

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A. transparent और reliable record रखने के लिएTo keep transparent and reliable record

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Raw data result verification में मदद करता है। Image manipulation से scientific conclusion गलत हो सकता है। / Raw data helps result verification. Image manipulation can make scientific conclusions wrong.

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Restriction digest में gel image crop करते समय क्या सावधानी रखनी चाहिए?

What precaution is needed while cropping a gel image in restriction digest?

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A. relevant lanes और ladder context न हटेRelevant lanes and ladder context should not be removed

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Cropping से data context नहीं हटना चाहिए। Scientific reporting में transparency जरूरी है। / Cropping should not remove data context. Transparency is necessary in scientific reporting.

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Restriction digestion में electronic lab record का लाभ क्या है?

What is the benefit of electronic lab record in restriction digestion?

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A. enzyme conditions और gel images track करना आसान होता हैTracking enzyme conditions and gel images becomes easier

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Records repeat experiments और troubleshooting में मदद करते हैं। Digital images और notes साथ रखे जा सकते हैं। / Records help repeat experiments and troubleshooting. Digital images and notes can be kept together.

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Restriction digestion में reproducible result पाने के लिए क्या जरूरी है?

What is needed to obtain reproducible result in restriction digestion?

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A. standard protocol और controlled conditionsStandard protocol and controlled conditions

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Same conditions repeat करने से results comparable बनते हैं। Documentation reproducibility बढ़ाती है। / Repeating the same conditions makes results comparable. Documentation increases reproducibility.

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Level 54 का best revision point क्या है?

What is the best revision point of Level 54?

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A. restriction map fragment pattern gel resolution और documentation याद रखेंRemember restriction map fragment pattern gel resolution and documentation

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इस level में DNA cutting के बाद pattern analysis important है। Gel condition और records result को reliable बनाते हैं। / In this level pattern analysis after DNA cutting is important. Gel condition and records make the result reliable.

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Cutting of DNA level 54 का final summary क्या है?

What is the final summary of Cutting of DNA level 54?

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A. restriction cuts से बने fragments को map और gel से समझा जाता हैFragments made by restriction cuts are understood using map and gel

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Restriction analysis में expected fragments observed gel bands से compare होते हैं। Proper ladder resolution और records जरूरी हैं। / In restriction analysis expected fragments are compared with observed gel bands. Proper ladder resolution and records are needed.

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Class 11 Biotechnology Quiz FAQs

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