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Class 11 Biotechnology - Principles of Biotechnology - Competent Host Easy Quiz

Level 31 • 50/50 questions • 40 seconds per question.

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Natural competence का अर्थ क्या है?

What does natural competence mean?

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A. कोशिका का प्राकृतिक रूप से बाहरी DNA लेनाNatural ability of a cell to take external DNA

Explanation

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कुछ bacteria naturally DNA uptake कर सकते हैं। इसे natural competence कहा जाता है। / Some bacteria can naturally take up DNA. This is called natural competence.

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Artificial competence कब बनाई जाती है?

When is artificial competence created?

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B. जब lab treatment से cells को DNA uptake योग्य बनाया जाता हैWhen cells are made able to take DNA by lab treatment

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Artificial competence lab methods जैसे chemical treatment या electroporation से बनाई जाती है। यह cloning में common है। / Artificial competence is made by lab methods such as chemical treatment or electroporation. It is common in cloning.

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Chemical competent ई कोलाई बनाने में कौन सा salt commonly पढ़ा जाता है?

Which salt is commonly studied for making chemically competent E coli?

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C. Calcium chloride

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Calcium chloride E coli competence के लिए common chemical treatment है। यह DNA uptake को आसान बना सकता है। / Calcium chloride is a common chemical treatment for E coli competence. It can make DNA uptake easier.

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Cold calcium chloride treatment का मुख्य उद्देश्य क्या है?

What is the main purpose of cold calcium chloride treatment?

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D. Cell surface को plasmid uptake के लिए तैयार करनाPreparing cell surface for plasmid uptake

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Cold calcium chloride treatment bacterial cells को plasmid uptake के लिए competent बनाता है। Heat shock बाद में entry बढ़ा सकता है। / Cold calcium chloride treatment makes bacterial cells competent for plasmid uptake. Heat shock can later increase entry.

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Heat shock में sudden temperature change क्यों दिया जाता है?

Why is sudden temperature change given in heat shock?

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A. DNA entry के लिए membrane permeability बढ़ाने में मदद करने के लिएTo help increase membrane permeability for DNA entry

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Heat shock temporary permeability change में मदद कर सकता है। इससे plasmid DNA cells में प्रवेश कर सकता है। / Heat shock can help cause temporary permeability change. This can allow plasmid DNA to enter cells.

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Electroporation chemical transformation से कैसे अलग है?

How is electroporation different from chemical transformation?

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B. यह electric pulse का उपयोग करता हैIt uses an electric pulse

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Electroporation में electric pulse से cells temporarily permeable होती हैं। Chemical method में salts और heat shock common होते हैं। / Electroporation uses an electric pulse to make cells temporarily permeable. Chemical methods commonly use salts and heat shock.

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Competent host के लिए exponential growth phase क्यों उपयोगी हो सकता है?

Why can exponential growth phase be useful for competent host preparation?

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C. Cells active और healthier होती हैंCells are active and healthier

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Active growing cells competence preparation में बेहतर respond कर सकती हैं। इसलिए culture stage important होता है। / Actively growing cells can respond better during competence preparation. Therefore culture stage is important.

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Overgrown bacterial culture competent cell preparation में क्यों problem हो सकती है?

Why can an overgrown bacterial culture be a problem in competent cell preparation?

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D. Cells कम healthy और less competent हो सकती हैंCells may be less healthy and less competent

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Overgrown culture में cells stress या stationary phase में हो सकती हैं। इससे transformation efficiency घट सकती है। / In an overgrown culture cells may be stressed or in stationary phase. This can reduce transformation efficiency.

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Competent cells को gently handle क्यों करना चाहिए?

Why should competent cells be handled gently?

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A. वे fragile हो सकती हैं और viability घट सकती हैThey can be fragile and viability may decrease

Explanation

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Competent cells sensitive होती हैं। Harsh mixing या heat से cell survival और competence घट सकती है। / Competent cells are sensitive. Harsh mixing or heat can reduce cell survival and competence.

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Transformation mixture को ice पर रखने का कारण क्या है?

Why is transformation mixture kept on ice?

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B. Competent cells stable रखने के लिएTo keep competent cells stable

Explanation

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Ice competent cells की stability और viability बचाने में मदद करता है। Heat shock step को controlled रखा जाता है। / Ice helps preserve stability and viability of competent cells. The heat shock step is kept controlled.

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Plasmid DNA की मात्रा बहुत अधिक होने पर क्या समस्या हो सकती है?

What problem can occur if plasmid DNA amount is too high?

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C. Cells stress हो सकती हैं और efficiency घट सकती हैCells may get stressed and efficiency may decrease

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Excess DNA या impurities cells को stress कर सकती हैं। Optimal amount transformation efficiency के लिए बेहतर होता है। / Excess DNA or impurities can stress cells. An optimal amount is better for transformation efficiency.

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Transformation में clean plasmid DNA क्यों पसंद किया जाता है?

Why is clean plasmid DNA preferred in transformation?

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D. Impurities कम होने से uptake और survival बेहतर हो सकते हैंFewer impurities can improve uptake and survival

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Clean DNA competent cells को कम नुकसान पहुँचाता है। इससे transformation success बढ़ सकती है। / Clean DNA harms competent cells less. This can increase transformation success.

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Plasmid लेने के बाद gene expression तुरंत क्यों जरूरी नहीं होता?

Why is gene expression not always immediately required after plasmid uptake?

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A. Cloning में पहले DNA copy और selection important होते हैंIn cloning DNA copy and selection are important first

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Simple cloning में goal insert DNA की copies बनाना होता है। Expression vector अलग purpose के लिए होता है। / In simple cloning the goal is to make copies of insert DNA. An expression vector has a different purpose.

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Host strain का चुनाव क्यों मायने रखता है?

Why does host strain choice matter?

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B. Different strains cloning या expression के लिए अलग गुण रखते हैंDifferent strains have different properties for cloning or expression

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Host strains में mutations और properties अलग हो सकती हैं। इसलिए cloning और protein expression में strain choice important है। / Host strains can differ in mutations and properties. Therefore strain choice is important in cloning and protein expression.

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Cloning host में recombination-deficient strain क्यों उपयोगी हो सकता है?

Why can a recombination-deficient strain be useful as a cloning host?

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C. Insert stability बेहतर रख सकता हैIt can improve insert stability

Explanation

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Recombination-deficient host unwanted rearrangement घटा सकता है। इससे cloned insert stable रह सकता है। / A recombination-deficient host can reduce unwanted rearrangement. This can keep the cloned insert stable.

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Endonuclease-deficient host किसमें मदद कर सकता है?

What can an endonuclease-deficient host help with?

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D. Plasmid DNA quality बेहतर रखने मेंKeeping plasmid DNA quality better

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कुछ host mutations plasmid DNA degradation कम कर सकती हैं। इससे plasmid preparation quality बेहतर हो सकती है। / Some host mutations can reduce plasmid DNA degradation. This can improve plasmid preparation quality.

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Expression host में protease-deficient strain कब उपयोगी हो सकता है?

When can a protease-deficient strain be useful in an expression host?

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A. Protein degradation कम करने के लिएTo reduce protein degradation

Explanation

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Protease-deficient strains recombinant protein degradation कम कर सकते हैं। यह expression experiments में उपयोगी है। / Protease-deficient strains can reduce recombinant protein degradation. This is useful in expression experiments.

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ई कोलाई डीएच फाइव अल्फा type strains किस purpose से अधिक जुड़े हैं?

E coli DH5 alpha type strains are more associated with which purpose?

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B. Routine plasmid cloning

Explanation

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DH5 alpha जैसे strains plasmid cloning और maintenance के लिए common हैं। इन्हें expression strain से अलग समझें। / Strains like DH5 alpha are common for plasmid cloning and maintenance. Understand them separately from expression strains.

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ई कोलाई बीएल ट्वेंटी वन type strains किस purpose से अधिक जुड़े हैं?

E coli BL21 type strains are more associated with which purpose?

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C. Recombinant protein expression

Explanation

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BL21 type strains protein expression के लिए commonly used होते हैं। इन्हें cloning-only hosts से अलग पहचानें। / BL21 type strains are commonly used for protein expression. Distinguish them from cloning-only hosts.

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Competent host में plasmid stability का अर्थ क्या है?

What does plasmid stability mean in a competent host?

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D. Plasmid host में बना रहेPlasmid remains maintained in host

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Plasmid stability का अर्थ है host cells plasmid को maintain करें। Selection pressure stability में मदद करता है। / Plasmid stability means host cells maintain the plasmid. Selection pressure helps stability.

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Plasmid loss कब हो सकता है?

When can plasmid loss occur?

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A. Selection pressure absent होSelection pressure is absent

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Selection pressure न हो तो cells plasmid खो सकती हैं। Marker-based selection plasmid maintenance में मदद करती है। / Without selection pressure cells may lose the plasmid. Marker-based selection helps plasmid maintenance.

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Competent host को freezer stock में क्यों रखा जा सकता है?

Why can a competent host be kept as a freezer stock?

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B. Future use के लिए strain preserve करने के लिएTo preserve strain for future use

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Freezer stock useful strain को long-term preserve करता है। इससे same host future experiments में use हो सकता है। / A freezer stock preserves a useful strain for long term. This allows the same host to be used in future experiments.

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Glycerol stock का उपयोग किसलिए होता है?

What is glycerol stock used for?

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C. Microbial strain preservation

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Glycerol stock bacteria को freezing damage से बचाने में मदद करता है। यह strain preservation का common method है। / Glycerol stock helps protect bacteria from freezing damage. It is a common method for strain preservation.

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Transformation के बाद incubation temperature क्यों controlled रखा जाता है?

Why is incubation temperature controlled after transformation?

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D. Host growth और plasmid maintenance के लिएFor host growth and plasmid maintenance

Explanation

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हर host का suitable growth temperature होता है। गलत temperature growth या plasmid stability को प्रभावित कर सकता है। / Each host has a suitable growth temperature. Wrong temperature can affect growth or plasmid stability.

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ई कोलाई के लिए सामान्य lab incubation temperature क्या माना जाता है?

What is considered a common lab incubation temperature for E coli?

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A. लगभग 37 डिग्री सेल्सियसAbout 37 degrees Celsius

Explanation

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E coli सामान्यतः 37 डिग्री सेल्सियस के आसपास अच्छी growth दिखाता है। Exact condition experiment पर निर्भर कर सकती है। / E coli generally grows well around 37 degrees Celsius. Exact condition can depend on the experiment.

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Antibiotic concentration बहुत कम हो तो क्या समस्या हो सकती है?

What can happen if antibiotic concentration is too low?

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B. Non-transformed cells भी grow कर सकती हैंNon-transformed cells may also grow

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कम antibiotic selection को कमजोर कर सकता है। इससे background growth बढ़ सकती है। / Too little antibiotic can weaken selection. This can increase background growth.

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Antibiotic concentration बहुत अधिक हो तो क्या समस्या हो सकती है?

What can happen if antibiotic concentration is too high?

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C. Transformed cells की growth भी घट सकती हैGrowth of transformed cells may also decrease

Explanation

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बहुत अधिक antibiotic transformed cells पर भी stress डाल सकता है। Correct concentration selection के लिए जरूरी है। / Too much antibiotic can stress even transformed cells. Correct concentration is needed for selection.

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Plasmid copy number किससे प्रभावित हो सकता है?

What can affect plasmid copy number?

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D. Vector ori और host conditionsVector ori and host conditions

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Copy number vector origin और host physiology से प्रभावित हो सकता है। इससे plasmid yield बदल सकती है। / Copy number can be affected by vector origin and host physiology. This can change plasmid yield.

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High-copy plasmid host पर क्या प्रभाव डाल सकता है?

What effect can a high-copy plasmid have on host?

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A. Metabolic load बढ़ा सकता हैIt can increase metabolic load

Explanation

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High-copy plasmid cells पर extra burden डाल सकता है। इसलिए host growth कभी-कभी slow हो सकती है। / A high-copy plasmid can put extra burden on cells. Therefore host growth may sometimes slow down.

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Low-copy plasmid कब लाभकारी हो सकता है?

When can a low-copy plasmid be beneficial?

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B. Toxic insert maintain करने मेंIn maintaining a toxic insert

Explanation

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Toxic या unstable inserts high copy में host को नुकसान दे सकते हैं। Low-copy plasmid ऐसे inserts के लिए बेहतर हो सकता है। / Toxic or unstable inserts can harm host at high copy. A low-copy plasmid can be better for such inserts.

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Host restriction-modification system cloning में क्या समस्या कर सकता है?

What problem can a host restriction-modification system cause in cloning?

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C. Foreign DNA degrade कर सकता हैIt can degrade foreign DNA

Explanation

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कुछ hosts foreign DNA को restriction enzymes से काट सकते हैं। Cloning strains में यह problem कम की जाती है। / Some hosts can cut foreign DNA with restriction enzymes. This problem is reduced in cloning strains.

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Cloning host में restriction activity कम होना क्यों उपयोगी है?

Why is reduced restriction activity useful in a cloning host?

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D. Incoming plasmid DNA protect रहता हैIncoming plasmid DNA remains protected

Explanation

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Reduced restriction activity foreign plasmid degradation घटाती है। इससे transformation success बढ़ सकती है। / Reduced restriction activity decreases degradation of foreign plasmid. This can improve transformation success.

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Plasmid methylation status क्यों important हो सकता है?

Why can plasmid methylation status matter?

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A. Host restriction enzymes DNA recognition को प्रभावित कर सकते हैंHost restriction enzymes can be affected by DNA recognition

Explanation

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Methylation कुछ restriction systems से DNA को बचा सकती है या digestion pattern बदल सकती है। यह host system पर निर्भर करता है। / Methylation can protect DNA from some restriction systems or change digestion pattern. It depends on the host system.

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Transformation में sterile spreader क्यों उपयोग किया जाता है?

Why is a sterile spreader used in transformation?

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B. Contamination रोकने के लिएTo prevent contamination

Explanation

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Sterilization unwanted microbes को plate पर आने से रोकती है। यह सही colony interpretation के लिए जरूरी है। / Sterilization prevents unwanted microbes from entering the plate. It is necessary for correct colony interpretation.

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Plate पर बहुत अधिक colonies होने से क्या समस्या हो सकती है?

What problem can too many colonies on a plate cause?

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C. Single colonies isolate करना कठिन होगाIt will be difficult to isolate single colonies

Explanation

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बहुत dense growth में अलग colonies चुनना कठिन होता है। Proper dilution clone isolation में मदद करता है। / In very dense growth picking separate colonies is difficult. Proper dilution helps clone isolation.

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बहुत कम colonies मिलने का एक कारण क्या हो सकता है?

What can be one reason for getting very few colonies?

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D. Low transformation efficiency

Explanation

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Few colonies low competence low DNA quality या wrong selection का संकेत हो सकती हैं। यह troubleshooting point है। / Few colonies can indicate low competence poor DNA quality or wrong selection. This is a troubleshooting point.

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Positive control plate पर no colonies क्या बता सकता है?

What can no colonies on a positive control plate indicate?

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A. Cells competent नहीं रहीं या method failedCells are not competent or method failed

Explanation

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Positive control failure method या cells की problem दिखाता है। यह troubleshooting में important है। / Failure of positive control shows a problem with the method or cells. It is important in troubleshooting.

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Negative control पर colonies आना क्या बता सकता है?

What can colonies on a negative control indicate?

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B. Contamination या selection failureContamination or selection failure

Explanation

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Negative control में plasmid नहीं होता। Colonies contamination या antibiotic selection problem दिखा सकती हैं। / Negative control has no plasmid. Colonies can show contamination or antibiotic selection problem.

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Plasmid DNA entry के बाद सबसे पहले क्या जरूरी है?

After plasmid DNA entry what is important first?

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C. Cells survive करें और marker express करेंCells survive and express marker

Explanation

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Transformation के बाद cells को recover होना और resistance marker express करना चाहिए। तभी वे selection plate पर बढ़ेंगी। / After transformation cells should recover and express resistance marker. Then they can grow on selection plates.

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Expression host में inducer कब use हो सकता है?

When can an inducer be used in an expression host?

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D. Gene expression शुरू कराने के लिएTo start gene expression

Explanation

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Inducer controlled promoter को activate कर सकता है। यह recombinant protein expression में common idea है। / An inducer can activate a controlled promoter. This is a common idea in recombinant protein expression.

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IPTG किस concept से जुड़ा हो सकता है?

IPTG can be linked with which concept?

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A. Induction of gene expression

Explanation

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IPTG lac-based expression systems में inducer की तरह use हो सकता है। इसे expression host context में याद रखें। / IPTG can be used as an inducer in lac-based expression systems. Remember it in expression host context.

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Expression host में inclusion bodies क्या संकेत दे सकती हैं?

What can inclusion bodies indicate in an expression host?

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B. Protein insoluble aggregates बन सकता हैProtein may form insoluble aggregates

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कुछ recombinant proteins insoluble aggregates बना सकते हैं जिन्हें inclusion bodies कहते हैं। Expression conditions optimize करनी पड़ सकती हैं। / Some recombinant proteins can form insoluble aggregates called inclusion bodies. Expression conditions may need optimization.

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Expression host में lower temperature कब मदद कर सकता है?

When can lower temperature help in an expression host?

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C. Protein folding बेहतर करने के लिएTo improve protein folding

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Lower temperature कुछ proteins की solubility और folding बेहतर कर सकता है। यह expression optimization का simple idea है। / Lower temperature can improve solubility and folding of some proteins. This is a simple idea of expression optimization.

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Plant host transformation के बाद regeneration क्यों important है?

Why is regeneration important after plant host transformation?

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D. Transformed cell से पूरा plant बनाने के लिएTo make a whole plant from transformed cell

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Plant biotechnology में transformed cells से complete plant regenerate करना पड़ सकता है। यह bacterial cloning से अलग है। / In plant biotechnology a complete plant may need to be regenerated from transformed cells. This differs from bacterial cloning.

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Protoplast transformation में protoplast क्या होता है?

What is a protoplast in protoplast transformation?

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A. Cell wall हटाई हुई plant cellPlant cell with cell wall removed

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Protoplast में cell wall हटाई जाती है। इससे DNA delivery आसान हो सकती है। / In a protoplast the cell wall is removed. This can make DNA delivery easier.

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Animal cells में selectable marker किसलिए उपयोगी हो सकता है?

Why can a selectable marker be useful in animal cells?

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B. Transfected cells चुनने के लिएTo select transfected cells

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Animal cell transfection में marker उन cells को चुनने में मदद करता है जिनमें vector गया है। Selection principle समान रहता है। / In animal cell transfection a marker helps select cells that received the vector. The selection principle remains similar.

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Transfection शब्द सामान्यतः किस context में अधिक उपयोग होता है?

The term transfection is generally used more in which context?

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C. Eukaryotic cells में DNA introductionDNA introduction into eukaryotic cells

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Eukaryotic cells में DNA introduction को अक्सर transfection कहा जाता है। Bacteria में transformation शब्द common है। / DNA introduction into eukaryotic cells is often called transfection. In bacteria transformation is common.

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Transformation और transfection का common idea क्या है?

What is the common idea of transformation and transfection?

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D. External DNA को cell में पहुँचानाDelivering external DNA into a cell

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दोनों methods external genetic material को cells में पहुँचाने से जुड़े हैं। Terms host type के अनुसार बदल सकते हैं। / Both methods are related to delivering external genetic material into cells. Terms can change with host type.

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Competent host selection में biosafety क्यों जरूरी है?

Why is biosafety important in competent host selection?

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A. Safe handling और containment के लिएFor safe handling and containment

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Genetically modified organisms को safe guidelines के अनुसार handle करना चाहिए। Biosafety lab और environment protection से जुड़ी है। / Genetically modified organisms should be handled according to safe guidelines. Biosafety relates to lab and environmental protection.

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Level 31 Competent Host का सबसे जरूरी revision point क्या है?

What is the most important revision point of Level 31 Competent Host?

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B. Host preparation method strain choice और selection तीनों important हैंHost preparation method strain choice and selection are all important

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Competent host success preparation strain और selection पर निर्भर करता है। इन्हें transformation workflow में साथ याद रखें। / Competent host success depends on preparation strain and selection. Remember them together in the transformation workflow.

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FAQs

Class 11 Biotechnology Quiz FAQs

How many questions are in this quiz?

This level is designed for 50 active questions. Currently 50 questions are available for the selected class and difficulty.

Is there a timer in this quiz?

Yes, the timer uses 40 seconds per question for Easy difficulty and shows the total remaining time on the page.

Can I open each question separately?

Yes, every question has its own SEO-friendly page with answer, explanation and related practice links.