A. Cells alive हैं पर plasmid marker selection नहीं हुआ/Cells are alive but plasmid marker selection did not occur
Step 1
Concept
No-antibiotic growth shows viability. Selection plate failure can indicate transformation or marker issue.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Cells alive हैं पर plasmid marker selection नहीं हुआ / Cells are alive but plasmid marker selection did not occur. No-antibiotic growth shows viability. Selection plate failure can indicate transformation or marker issue.
Step 3
Exam Tip
No-antibiotic growth viability दिखाती है। Selection plate failure transformation या marker issue दिखा सकता है।
A. Cells DNA लें और survive भी करें/Cells should take DNA and also survive
Step 1
Concept
DNA uptake alone is not enough. Transformed cells should also grow.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Cells DNA लें और survive भी करें / Cells should take DNA and also survive. DNA uptake alone is not enough. Transformed cells should also grow.
Step 3
Exam Tip
केवल DNA uptake काफी नहीं है। Transformed cells को grow भी करना चाहिए।
A. Colonies कम मिल सकती हैं/Fewer colonies may be obtained
Step 1
Concept
Dead or weak cells do not form colonies. Therefore viability is necessary for transformation success.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Colonies कम मिल सकती हैं / Fewer colonies may be obtained. Dead or weak cells do not form colonies. Therefore viability is necessary for transformation success.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Dead या weak cells colonies नहीं बनातीं। इसलिए viability transformation success के लिए जरूरी है।
A. High viability और DNA uptake ability/High viability and DNA uptake ability
Step 1
Concept
A competent host should stay alive and take external DNA. Both viability and competence are needed.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. High viability और DNA uptake ability / High viability and DNA uptake ability. A competent host should stay alive and take external DNA. Both viability and competence are needed.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Competent host को जीवित रहकर external DNA लेना चाहिए। Viability और competence दोनों जरूरी हैं।
A. Transformation efficiency कम हो सकती है/Transformation efficiency may decrease
Step 1
Concept
Cells in an overgrown culture can be less healthy. This can affect both competence and viability.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Transformation efficiency कम हो सकती है / Transformation efficiency may decrease. Cells in an overgrown culture can be less healthy. This can affect both competence and viability.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Overgrown culture में cells less healthy हो सकती हैं। इससे competence और viability दोनों प्रभावित हो सकते हैं।
Competent cells can be prone to damage. Gentle mixing preserves viability and competence.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Cells fragile हो सकती हैं / Cells can be fragile. Competent cells can be prone to damage. Gentle mixing preserves viability and competence.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Competent cells damage-prone हो सकती हैं। Gentle mixing viability और competence बचाता है।
A. Competence और viability घट सकती है/Competence and viability may decrease
Step 1
Concept
Repeated freeze-thaw can damage competent cells. Using aliquots is better.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Competence और viability घट सकती है / Competence and viability may decrease. Repeated freeze-thaw can damage competent cells. Using aliquots is better.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Repeated freeze-thaw competent cells को damage कर सकता है। Aliquots बनाकर use करना बेहतर है।
A. वे fragile हो सकती हैं और viability घट सकती है/They can be fragile and viability may decrease
Step 1
Concept
Competent cells are sensitive. Harsh mixing or heat can reduce cell survival and competence.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वे fragile हो सकती हैं और viability घट सकती है / They can be fragile and viability may decrease. Competent cells are sensitive. Harsh mixing or heat can reduce cell survival and competence.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Competent cells sensitive होती हैं। Harsh mixing या heat से cell survival और competence घट सकती है।
D. Cells जीवित और growth capable हैं/Cells are alive and capable of growth
Step 1
Concept
Viability means cells are alive and can grow after transformation. Dead cells do not form colonies.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. Cells जीवित और growth capable हैं / Cells are alive and capable of growth. Viability means cells are alive and can grow after transformation. Dead cells do not form colonies.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Viability बताती है कि cells जीवित हैं और transformation के बाद बढ़ सकती हैं। मृत cells colonies नहीं बनातीं।
B. competence और viability बनाए रखने के लिए/To maintain competence and viability
Step 1
Concept
Competent cells are sensitive and remain stable in cold. Wrong temperature can reduce their ability.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. competence और viability बनाए रखने के लिए / To maintain competence and viability. Competent cells are sensitive and remain stable in cold. Wrong temperature can reduce their ability.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सक्षम कोशिकाएँ संवेदनशील होती हैं और ठंड में स्थिर रहती हैं। गलत तापमान उनकी क्षमता घटा सकता है।
B. जब समस्या वास्तविक हो और ग्राहक भुगतान को तैयार हों/When the problem is real and customers are willing to pay
Step 1
Concept
A good idea is useful when it solves a real problem.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
Customer willingness to pay shows practical value.
Step 3
Exam Tip
In exams, connect idea success with customer demand. चरण 1: अच्छा विचार तभी उपयोगी है जब वह वास्तविक समस्या हल करे। चरण 2: ग्राहकों की भुगतान इच्छा उसकी व्यावहारिकता दिखाती है। चरण 3: परीक्षा में विचार की सफलता को ग्राहक मांग से जोड़ें।
