Modern Indian History

Mir Jafar's betrayal weakened Siraj-ud-Daulah. Exam tip is to link Plassey with conspiracy and commercial power.

After Buxar the Company got Diwani rights and its political influence increased. Exam tip is to link Buxar with revenue rights.

In Dual Government the Company had power but administrative responsibility was unclear. Exam tip is to link it with disorder in Bengal.

The Regulating Act began control over Company rule. Exam tip is to connect it with British parliamentary intervention.

Pitt's India Act increased British government control over the Company's political activities. Exam tip is to link it with the Board of Control.

Under Permanent Settlement zamindars had to pay fixed revenue. Exam tip is to link it with Bengal and Cornwallis.

In Ryotwari the ryot or peasant was the main revenue payer. Exam tip is to link it with Madras and Bombay regions.

Subsidiary Alliance made states dependent on Company troops and conditions. Exam tip is to link it with Wellesley's expansion policy.

Jhansi was a major state affected by the Doctrine of Lapse. Exam tip is to link it with Rani Lakshmibai's discontent.

Indian sepoys felt discrimination in pay rank and treatment. Exam tip is to treat the cartridge issue as the immediate cause.

After 1858 India came directly under the British Crown. Exam tip is to remember 1857 and 1858 as cause and effect.

The British did not accept the adopted heir of Jhansi. Exam tip is to connect Rani Lakshmibai with Jhansi and 1857.

Indigo peasants faced forced cultivation and unfair payment. Exam tip is to link the Indigo Revolt with peasant movements in Bengal.

The Santhal Rebellion was against economic and social exploitation of tribal society. Exam tip is to remember it as tribal resistance.

Birsa Munda led a movement for land and social rights. Exam tip is to connect Ulgulan with tribal awakening.

The Brahmo Samaj opposed Sati and social orthodoxy. Exam tip is to connect it with Raja Rammohan Roy.

Arya Samaj emphasized Vedic ideals and social reforms. Exam tip is to link it with Dayanand Saraswati.

Jyotiba Phule emphasized the rights of backward and deprived groups. Exam tip is to link Satyashodhak Samaj with equality.

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan emphasized modern education and social reform. Exam tip is to connect the Aligarh Movement with education.

The Drain of Wealth theory explained colonial economic exploitation. Exam tip is to link it with nationalist economic criticism.

Moderate leaders believed in peaceful and constitutional methods. Exam tip is to connect them with early Congress.

The direct answer is A: slow moderate methods and the desire for more active politics. The Extremists, also called Assertive Nationalists, became prominent in the Indian National Congress when many nationalists felt that petitions, prayers and constitutional appeals used by the Moderates were too slow. They wanted Swaraj, boycott, Swadeshi, national education and broader public participation. Option A is correct because this dissatisfaction encouraged a more forceful political approach. Option B is wrong because the Extremists opposed colonial domination rather than fully supporting British rule. Option C is wrong because the Congress did not end; the debate occurred within the national movement. Option D is wrong because the Battle of Plassey happened in 1757 and was not the immediate cause of this later political group. Bal Gangadhar Tilak was a major leader, along with Lala Lajpat Rai and Bipin Chandra Pal. Memory cue: Moderates asked gradually; Extremists demanded action and Swaraj.

Boycott aimed to reduce foreign goods sales and promote indigenous production. Exam tip is to connect Swadeshi with self-reliance.

At Surat the conflict between two groups within Congress became open. Exam tip is to link it with internal politics of Congress.

The reforms of 1909 recognized separate electorates for Muslims. Exam tip is to link it with the beginning of communal representation.