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SubjectsGeneral Knowledge
आधुनिक भारतीय इतिहास
In Class 10 General Knowledge under the Indian History chapter, Modern Indian History introduces students to India’s journey from colonial rule to independence and the early shaping of the modern nation. Students learn about significant political, social, and nationalist developments, key leaders and movements, and how these events influenced India’s public life and democratic identity.
Correct answer: A. Malabar Coast
Explanation: Vasco da Gama reached the Malabar Coast near Calicut. Exam tip is to connect European arrival with the sea route.
Correct answer: C. Siraj-ud-Daulah
Explanation: Siraj-ud-Daulah was the Nawab of Bengal defeated at Plassey. Exam tip is to remember Plassey with Bengal.
Correct answer: C. Shah Alam II
Explanation: Shah Alam II granted Diwani rights to the Company. Exam tip is to remember Diwani as revenue rights.
Correct answer: B. Land and revenue system
Explanation: The Permanent Settlement was related to Bengal's land revenue system. Exam tip is to link it with Lord Cornwallis.
Correct answer: A. Lord Wellesley
Explanation: Subsidiary Alliance was Lord Wellesley's expansionist policy. Exam tip is to link it with British control over princely states.
Correct answer: B. Lord Dalhousie
Explanation: Lord Dalhousie used the Doctrine of Lapse to annex several states. Exam tip is to connect Jhansi with this policy.
Correct answer: C. Meerut
Explanation: The Revolt of 1857 began at Meerut and then reached Delhi. Exam tip is to remember Meerut as the starting centre.
Correct answer: A. Revolt of 1857
Explanation: Mangal Pandey was linked with the early events of the Revolt of 1857. Exam tip is to link him with Barrackpore.
Correct answer: B. Rani Lakshmibai
Explanation: The correct answer is B: Rani Lakshmibai. During the Revolt of 1857, Rani Lakshmibai was the important ruler and military leader associated with Jhansi. She resisted British control and became a symbol of courage and opposition to colonial rule. Option B is correct because the question specifically asks for the main leader of Jhansi. Option A, Begum Hazrat Mahal, was a major leader in Awadh, especially Lucknow, not the principal leader of Jhansi. Option C, Sarojini Naidu, was a later freedom movement leader and poet; she was not the Jhansi leader in 1857. Option D, Annie Besant, was an important Home Rule leader in the twentieth century, long after 1857. The question asks for a place-person connection, so link Jhansi with Lakshmibai. Memory cue: Jhansi ki Rani means Rani Lakshmibai.
Correct answer: B. A O Hume
Explanation: A O Hume played an important role in founding the Congress. Exam tip is to remember him as a founder associate of the Congress.
Correct answer: A. 1905
Explanation: The direct answer is A, 1905. The British government, under Lord Curzon, divided Bengal in 1905. The official explanation referred to administrative convenience, but Indian nationalists believed the division was also intended to weaken unity and encourage communal separation. The decision produced strong opposition and helped start the Swadeshi and Boycott movements, in which people promoted Indian goods and rejected many British goods. Option A, 1905, is correct. Option B, 1911, is wrong as the partition was annulled in 1911; that year is connected with its cancellation, not its beginning. Option C, 1919, is wrong because it is associated with events such as the Rowlatt Act and the Jallianwala Bagh tragedy, not the Partition of Bengal. Option D, 1935, is wrong because it refers to the Government of India Act of 1935. Memory cue: remember “Curzon, Bengal, 1905, Swadeshi.”
Correct answer: C. Swaraj is my birthright
Explanation: Tilak called Swaraj his birthright. Exam tip is to remember him as a leader of the extremist group.
Correct answer: B. 1915
Explanation: The direct answer is B, 1915. Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa in January 1915 after spending many years there and developing his method of satyagraha. After returning, he first observed Indian conditions and worked under the guidance of Gopal Krishna Gokhale before leading major mass movements. His important early Indian movements began from 1917, including Champaran, followed by Kheda and Ahmedabad. Option B is correct. Option A, 1905, is associated with the Partition of Bengal and the Swadeshi movement, not Gandhi’s return. Option C, 1920, marks the beginning of the Non-Cooperation Movement, when Gandhi was already leading national politics. Option D, 1930, is associated with the Civil Disobedience Movement and Salt March, much later. Timeline cue: return in 1915, first major Indian satyagraha in 1917, Non-Cooperation in 1920, Civil Disobedience in 1930.
Correct answer: C. Champaran
Explanation: The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was related to indigo peasants. Exam tip is to remember Champaran as Gandhi's first Satyagraha in India.
Correct answer: A. Indigo
Explanation: The Champaran Satyagraha was connected with indigo cultivation. In Champaran, many tenant farmers were forced by European planters to grow indigo on part of their land under oppressive arrangements. This reduced their freedom to grow food crops and placed them under economic pressure. Mahatma Gandhi investigated their complaints and used satyagraha to support their demand for relief and justice.
Option A, indigo, is therefore correct. Cotton, tea and jute were important crops in different regions or contexts, but they do not identify the main agricultural grievance of the Champaran movement. The useful historical association is Champaran with forced indigo cultivation, Gandhi’s inquiry, and a non-violent struggle on behalf of the affected peasants. This connection makes A the only suitable choice.
Correct answer: C. Amritsar
Explanation: The direct answer is C, Amritsar. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred on 13 April 1919 at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, Punjab. On the occasion of Baisakhi, a large gathering was present, and General Reginald Dyer ordered troops to fire on the crowd. The city is the key fact asked here. Option A, Delhi, was an important political centre but was not the site of this massacre. Option B, Lahore, was another major city in undivided Punjab, but the event did not occur there. Option C is correct because Jallianwala Bagh is a historic public garden in Amritsar. Option D, Kanpur, is associated with other events of the freedom struggle, not this massacre. Memory cue: “13 April 1919—Amritsar—Jallianwala Bagh.”
Correct answer: A. General Dyer
Explanation: General Dyer ordered the firing at Jallianwala Bagh. Exam tip is to link this event with a turning point in the national movement.
Correct answer: C. Non-Cooperation Movement
Explanation: Gandhi withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement after the violence at Chauri Chaura. Exam tip is to link 1922 with this event.
Correct answer: B. Motilal Nehru and C R Das
Explanation: The Swaraj Party was formed in 1923 by Motilal Nehru and C R Das. Exam tip is to link it with politics after Non-Cooperation.
Correct answer: A. Because it had no Indian member
Explanation: The Simon Commission had no Indian member so it was opposed. Exam tip is to connect it with colonial discrimination.
Correct answer: B. Lahore Session
Explanation: The Poorna Swaraj resolution was passed at the Lahore Session of 1929. Exam tip is to link it with Jawaharlal Nehru's presidency.
Correct answer: A. 26 January 1930
Explanation: 26 January 1930 was observed as Poorna Swaraj Day. Exam tip is to also connect 26 January with the later Republic Day.
Correct answer: C. 1930
Explanation: The Dandi March took place in 1930 to break the salt law. Exam tip is to link it with the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Correct answer: A. Salt law
Explanation: Gandhi broke the salt law by making salt at Dandi. Exam tip is to remember salt as a symbol connected with daily life.
Correct answer: C. Constitutional reforms
Explanation: The Government of India Act 1935 was a major constitutional act. Exam tip is to link it with provincial autonomy.
