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SubjectsGeneral Knowledge
आधुनिक भारतीय इतिहास
In Class 10 General Knowledge under the Indian History chapter, Modern Indian History introduces students to India’s journey from colonial rule to independence and the early shaping of the modern nation. Students learn about significant political, social, and nationalist developments, key leaders and movements, and how these events influenced India’s public life and democratic identity.
Correct answer: A. Their influence over Bengal politics increased
Explanation: After Plassey the British became decisive in Bengal politics. Exam tip is to link it with the Company's political beginning.
Correct answer: A. He was dissatisfied with the Company's trade privileges
Explanation: Mir Qasim opposed the unfair trade advantages of the British. Exam tip is to link it with the background of the Battle of Buxar.
Correct answer: A. Mir Qasim Shuja-ud-Daula and Shah Alam II
Explanation: At Buxar the Company defeated a combined front of three powers. Exam tip is to link Buxar with the political expansion of the Company.
Correct answer: A. The Company became a revenue collecting power
Explanation: Diwani gave the Company revenue from Bengal Bihar and Orissa. Exam tip is to remember it as a source of economic power.
Correct answer: A. It made him Governor-General of Bengal
Explanation: This Act gave the Governor of Bengal more central authority. Exam tip is to remember Warren Hastings as the first Governor-General of Bengal.
Correct answer: A. British government control over the Company's political work
Explanation: The direct answer is A: British government control over the Company's political work. Pitt's India Act of 1784 created a Board of Control to supervise the East India Company's political, military and revenue-related affairs. The Company continued its commercial activities, but the British government gained decisive oversight of political matters. This arrangement is often called dual control: the Court of Directors handled company administration while the Board of Control represented government authority. Option A is correct. Option B is wrong because the Act did not make peasants tax-free. Option C is wrong because the Congress did not yet exist in 1784. Option D is wrong because railways were not the purpose of the Act and railway development came later. The word control is the key exam clue: Board of Control meant government supervision over the Company.
Correct answer: A. The Company's monopoly over Indian trade largely ended
Explanation: The Act of 1813 opened the way for private English traders. Exam tip is to link it with a change in Company trade policy.
Correct answer: A. Zamindars increased pressure on peasants for revenue collection
Explanation: Fixed revenue benefited zamindars but peasants remained weak. Exam tip is to link it with rural exploitation.
Correct answer: A. By treating the village or Mahal as the revenue unit
Explanation: In Mahalwari revenue responsibility was fixed collectively. Exam tip is to link it with north-western India.
Correct answer: A. To keep Company troops and pay their cost
Explanation: This alliance made Indian rulers dependent on the Company. Exam tip is to treat it as Wellesley's imperial policy.
Correct answer: A. Awadh was annexed on the charge of misgovernance
Explanation: The direct answer is A, Awadh was annexed on the charge of misgovernance. The Doctrine of Lapse was used when a ruler died without a recognised natural heir and the adopted heir was not accepted by the British. Awadh was different: in 1856 the British annexed it by accusing its ruler of misgovernance, not because there was no heir. Option A is therefore correct. Option B describes the usual basis of the Doctrine of Lapse and is wrong for this question. Option C, the Dandi March, was Gandhi’s 1930 salt protest and has no connection with Awadh’s annexation. Option D is wrong because Awadh was not a French state; it was an Indian kingdom brought under British control. The annexation angered soldiers, landlords, rulers, and people of Awadh and contributed to the discontent of 1857. Memory cue: Awadh means misgovernance; lapse means no accepted heir.
Correct answer: A. It inflamed soldiers' religious feelings and discontent
Explanation: Deep suspicion arose among soldiers about the new rifle cartridges. Exam tip is to treat it as the immediate cause and other causes as background.
Correct answer: A. To give legitimacy to the revolt through the Mughal name
Explanation: The Mughal emperor's name gave rebels a common symbol. Exam tip is to remember Delhi and Bahadur Shah together.
Correct answer: A. Exploitation of indigo peasants
Explanation: Nil Darpan showed the suffering of indigo peasants in Bengal. Exam tip is to link it with the Indigo Revolt and public opinion.
Correct answer: A. To control the nationalist press in Indian languages
Explanation: The British government was worried about criticism in local language press. Exam tip is to link it with colonial control over expression.
Correct answer: A. It exposed racial discrimination and increased Indian discontent
Explanation: European opposition made Indians experience colonial inequality. Exam tip is to connect it with the growth of political consciousness.
Correct answer: A. Development of modern education and university system
Explanation: Wood's Despatch emphasized the organization of modern education. Exam tip is to remember it as the Magna Carta of education.
Correct answer: A. Education
Explanation: Hunter Commission considered education especially primary education. Exam tip is to connect it with colonial education reforms.
Correct answer: A. Service to humanity was seen as spiritual practice
Explanation: Swami Vivekananda emphasized service and spiritual growth. Exam tip is to link Ramakrishna Mission with social service.
Correct answer: A. She promoted girls' education and social equality
Explanation: Savitribai Phule worked for the education of girls and deprived groups. Exam tip is to remember her as a pioneer of women's education.
Correct answer: A. Social restriction on widow remarriage
Explanation: Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar worked in favor of widow remarriage. Exam tip is to link it with women's reform.
Correct answer: A. Because of his long contribution to national movement and economic criticism
Explanation: Naoroji played an important role in Congress and the Drain of Wealth theory. Exam tip is to remember him as a moderate leader.
Correct answer: A. He played a key role in founding the Indian National Congress
Explanation: A. O. Hume played an important role in the founding of the Indian National Congress in 1885 and was associated with its early organisation. The Quit India Movement was led by Mahatma Gandhi in 1942, so option B is incorrect. Exam tip: Remember A. O. Hume with the founding of the Congress in 1885.
Correct answer: A. To connect people with active political struggle
Explanation: The direct answer is option A: to connect people with active political struggle. The Extremists, or assertive nationalists, believed that freedom could not be achieved only through petitions and mild constitutional requests. They promoted Swadeshi, boycott of foreign goods, national education, and Swaraj to involve ordinary people directly. Step by step: boycott reduces dependence on foreign goods; Swadeshi encourages Indian production; public participation increases pressure against colonial rule. Therefore option A is correct. Option B is wrong because Swadeshi and boycott opposed, rather than strengthened, British economic and political control. Option C is wrong because the aim was not to expand Company trade. Option D is wrong because Diwani rights belonged to the East India Company after 1765 and were not the Extremists’ objective. Memory cue: Extremists—Swadeshi, boycott, national action, Swaraj.
Correct answer: A. Divide and rule
Explanation: The Partition of Bengal increased division on religious and regional lines. Exam tip is to treat it as the background of the Swadeshi Movement.
