01 From where did the Dandi March start?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: B. Sabarmati Ashram
Explanation: The Dandi March started from Sabarmati Ashram. Exam tip is to link its end with breaking the salt law at Dandi.
General Knowledge
Modern Indian History
आधुनिक भारतीय इतिहास
In Class 10 General Knowledge under the Indian History chapter, Modern Indian History introduces students to India’s journey from colonial rule to independence and the early shaping of the modern nation. Students learn about significant political, social, and nationalist developments, key leaders and movements, and how these events influenced India’s public life and democratic identity.
Practice questions
02 Who attended the Second Round Table Conference on behalf of the Indian National Congress?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Mahatma Gandhi
Explanation: Gandhi represented Congress at the Second Round Table Conference. Exam tip is to treat it as an event after the Gandhi-Irwin Pact.
03 At which Congress session was Subhas Chandra Bose elected president?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Haripura Session
Explanation: The direct answer is A: the Haripura Session. Subhas Chandra Bose was elected president of the Indian National Congress at the Haripura Session in 1938. This was an important stage in his Congress career and showed his growing influence in the national movement. Option A is correct because Haripura is the Congress session specifically associated with his 1938 presidency. Option B, Lucknow, is wrong for this question; the Lucknow Session of 1916 is associated with the Congress-League Pact and reunion of Congress groups. Option C, Surat, is wrong because the 1907 Surat Session is remembered for a split between moderates and extremists. Option D, Bombay, is wrong because it is not the session identified as Bose’s election in this standard fact. Exam cue: connect Haripura 1938 with Subhas Chandra Bose; do not confuse it with his later Tripuri presidency in 1939.
04 Which leader established the Provisional Government of Azad Hind?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: B. Subhas Chandra Bose
Explanation: The direct answer is B, Subhas Chandra Bose. The Provisional Government of Azad Hind, also called the Provisional Government of Free India, was established by Bose in Singapore in 1943 during the struggle against British rule. Bose became its head and connected it closely with the Indian National Army, or INA. Thus the fact chain is: Bose led the movement, formed the Azad Hind Government, and used the INA for armed liberation. Option A, Mahatma Gandhi, led non-violent mass movements and did not establish this government. Option B is correct because Bose founded and led it. Option C, Jawaharlal Nehru, later became independent India’s first Prime Minister but did not establish Azad Hind. Option D, Dr Rajendra Prasad, later became India’s first President and was not its founder. Memory cue: “Bose, Azad Hind, INA” belong together.
05 What was the importance of Gowalia Tank Maidan in Bombay during the Quit India Movement?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. The Quit India Movement was launched from here
Explanation: Gowalia Tank Maidan is a major site linked with the 1942 movement. Exam tip is to also remember it as August Kranti Maidan.
06 For what did Aruna Asaf Ali become famous during the Quit India Movement?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. For hoisting the national flag
Explanation: Aruna Asaf Ali played a brave role in 1942. Exam tip is to remember her as a woman leader of the Quit India Movement.
07 What was the main objective of the Cabinet Mission?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. To plan India's constitutional future and transfer of power
Explanation: The Cabinet Mission came in 1946 for a constitutional solution. Exam tip is to remember it among the final plans before independence.
08 In which year was the Mountbatten Plan announced?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: D. 1947
Explanation: The Mountbatten Plan was a major constitutional proposal connected with the transfer of power from British rule to Indian leadership. It provided the basis for dividing British India into India and Pakistan and arranging their independence. Therefore, the year is 1947, so option D is correct. The plan is also called the 3 June Plan because it was announced on 3 June 1947. It should not be confused with the Cripps Mission of 1942 or the Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946. Remembering its link with Partition and independence makes the answer easy to identify in a history examination.
The sequence is important: the plan was announced in 1947, the Indian Independence Act was passed in the same year, and independence followed in August 1947. The question asks only for the year, not the exact date. Hence option D, 1947, follows directly. The other years belong to earlier stages of constitutional negotiations and do not represent the announcement of the Mountbatten Plan. This explanation supports the supplied answer without changing any option or historical fact.
09 Who was the first Home Minister of independent India?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: B. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Explanation: Sardar Patel was the first Home Minister of independent India. Exam tip is to link him with the integration of princely states.
10 Who was the chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Dr B R Ambedkar
Explanation: Dr Ambedkar was the chairman of the Drafting Committee. Exam tip is to link him with the making of the Indian Constitution.
11 When did the Constitution of India come into effect?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: B. 26 January 1950
Explanation: The Constitution of India came into effect on 26 January 1950. This date is celebrated every year as Republic Day because India became a republic with its own constitutional system on that day. The Constitution had been adopted earlier, on 26 November 1949, but adoption and enforcement were different events. Therefore, the correct answer is option B, 26 January 1950. The date 15 August 1947 marks independence from British rule, not the beginning of the Constitution’s operation.
To solve this question, separate the important dates: 15 August 1947 was Independence Day, 26 November 1949 was Constitution Day and the date of adoption, and 26 January 1950 was the date of commencement. The Constitution became the supreme legal framework when it came into force on 26 January. Thus option B is the only choice that states the required date. The supplied answer is accurate and has no factual ambiguity.
12 When was the Constitution of India adopted?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: C. 26 November 1949
Explanation: The direct answer is C, 26 November 1949. The Constituent Assembly adopted the Constitution of India on 26 November 1949. It came into force later, on 26 January 1950, which is why the two dates must not be confused. Option A, 15 August 1947, marks Independence Day, not constitutional adoption. Option B, 26 January 1950, is the date the Constitution came into effect and is celebrated as Republic Day, so it is not the adoption date. Option C is correct because it names the formal adoption date. Option D, 30 January 1948, is associated with Mahatma Gandhi’s assassination and is unrelated to adoption of the Constitution. The exact reasoning is adoption first in 1949, enforcement later in 1950. Memory cue: “Adopted 26 November; लागू 26 January.”
13 Who founded the Satyashodhak Samaj?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Jyotiba Phule
Explanation: Jyotiba Phule founded the Satyashodhak Samaj. Exam tip is to link it with social equality and education reform.
14 Savitribai Phule is famous for her work in which field?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Girls' education
Explanation: Savitribai Phule worked importantly for girls' education. Exam tip is to remember her as a pioneer of women's education.
15 Which woman leader was prominently associated with the Theosophical Society in India?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Annie Besant
Explanation: Annie Besant was linked with the Theosophical Society and Home Rule Movement. Exam tip is to connect her with education and self-government.
16 The background of Aligarh Muslim University was linked with which educational movement?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Aligarh Movement
Explanation: The Aligarh Movement was linked with promoting modern education. Exam tip is to connect Sir Syed Ahmad Khan with it.
17 Wood's Despatch of 1854 was mainly related to which field?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: D. Education reform
Explanation: Wood's Despatch is considered an important plan for English education in India. Exam tip is to link it with modern education reform.
18 The Indigo Revolt was mainly related to which cultivation?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: B. Indigo
Explanation: The Indigo Revolt was linked with peasants opposing forced indigo cultivation. Exam tip is to connect it with peasant discontent in Bengal.
19 The Santhal Rebellion was related to which tribal community?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: C. Santhal
Explanation: The Santhal Rebellion was linked with the Santhal community's struggle against exploitation. Exam tip is to remember it among tribal movements.
20 Birsa Munda was associated with which tribal movement?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Munda Ulgulan
Explanation: Birsa Munda led the movement of the Munda community. Exam tip is to remember Ulgulan as a great rebellion.
21 Which major leader was associated with Kanpur in the Revolt of 1857?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: B. Nana Sahib
Explanation: Nana Sahib was a major leader at Kanpur in 1857. Exam tip is to remember centres and leaders of 1857 in pairs.
22 Who was prominently associated with Lucknow in the Revolt of 1857?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: C. Begum Hazrat Mahal
Explanation: Begum Hazrat Mahal opposed the British in Lucknow. Exam tip is to remember her among women leaders of 1857.
23 Who was the main inspiration behind the Young Bengal Movement?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: D. Henry Vivian Derozio
Explanation: Derozio encouraged rational and reformist ideas among youth. Exam tip is to link Young Bengal with modern ideas.
24 Moderate leaders in the Indian national movement believed in which method?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Constitutional and peaceful demands
Explanation: Moderate leaders wanted reforms through petitions and constitutional methods. Exam tip is to connect them with early Congress politics.
25 What demand did extremist leaders emphasize more?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: B. Swaraj and mass awakening
Explanation: Extremist leaders emphasized Swaraj and active political movement. Exam tip is to remember Tilak Lajpat Rai and Bipin Pal.