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In Class 10 General Knowledge under the Indian History chapter, Modern Indian History introduces students to India’s journey from colonial rule to independence and the early shaping of the modern nation. Students learn about significant political, social, and nationalist developments, key leaders and movements, and how these events influenced India’s public life and democratic identity.
Practice questions
01 How did Dadabhai Naoroji's Drain Theory strengthen early Congress demands?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. It made economic exploitation a political issue with reasoning and data
Explanation: Drain Theory gave a basis to economic nationalism. Exam tip: understand the link between economic critique and political demands.
06 Why did nationalist dissatisfaction remain despite Indians getting seats in councils under Morley-Minto reforms?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Because real power still remained with colonial rule
Explanation: The 1909 reforms gave limited representation but not responsible government. Exam tip: understand the difference between representation and power.
12 The formation of Swaraj Party raised which practical question within Congress?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Whether to oppose by entering colonial councils or by staying out
Explanation: Direct answer: Option A is correct. The Swaraj Party was formed in 1923 by leaders such as C. R. Das and Motilal Nehru after the Non-Cooperation Movement was suspended. A practical debate arose inside Congress: should nationalists enter the legislative councils created by the colonial government and obstruct colonial policies from within, or should they continue to stay outside those councils and use non-cooperation? The Swarajists supported council entry as a political strategy, while the “No-Changers” preferred constructive work and continued boycott. Option A correctly describes this strategic question. Option B is wrong because Sati was a social practice issue and was not the reason for forming the Swaraj Party. Option C is wrong because the Battle of Plassey occurred in 1757 and could not be fought again as the relevant Congress question. Option D is wrong because expanding Company trade was not the nationalist objective; the Company had already lost its governing role. Memory cue: Swaraj Party means the council-entry debate after Non-Cooperation—enter councils to oppose colonial rule from inside or stay outside.
13 How was demand for Dominion Status in Nehru Report different from Poorna Swaraj?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Dominion Status meant self-rule within British Commonwealth while Poorna Swaraj meant complete independence
Explanation: In 1928 Dominion Status was demanded and in 1929 complete independence became the goal. Exam tip: remember evolution of political demands.
19 What was the importance of 1937 elections under the Act of 1935 for the national movement?
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Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Congress gained experience of provincial governance
Explanation: After 1937 elections Congress ministries were formed in many provinces. Exam tip: understand the link between elections and administrative experience.
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