Modern Indian History

Dupleix tried to use local politics to expand French power. Exam tip is to understand the Carnatic Wars as a mix of European and Indian politics.

The secret role of Mir Jafar and other courtiers weakened Siraj-ud-Daulah. Exam tip is to link Plassey with Bengal politics and Company strategy.

The Treaty of Allahabad gave revenue rights to the Company. Exam tip is to link Buxar with the expansion of Company economic power.

In Dual Government the separation of power and responsibility damaged administration. Exam tip is to link it with the background of Bengal's crisis of 1770.

This Act made Bengal the central base of Company administration. Exam tip is to remember Warren Hastings and Calcutta together.

Pitt's India Act increased government supervision over the Company. Exam tip is to remember the Board of Control as its key point.

The Act of 1833 strengthened central administration. Exam tip is to remember William Bentinck as the first Governor-General of India.

Permanent Settlement gave stable revenue to the government but increased pressure on peasants. Exam tip is to link it with Cornwallis and Bengal.

In Ryotwari the government dealt directly with peasants instead of a zamindar intermediary. Exam tip is to link it with Madras and Bombay regions.

In Mahalwari the village community was treated as the revenue unit. Exam tip is to link it with the revenue system of North India.

The Subsidiary Alliance made Indian rulers dependent on British military protection. Exam tip is to treat it as Wellesley's expansionist policy.

Dalhousie used this policy to annex several states. Exam tip is to link Jhansi Satara and Nagpur with it.

The annexation of Awadh increased social and military discontent. Exam tip is to remember it among political causes of 1857.

The Mughal name became a common political symbol for rebels. Exam tip is to remember Delhi and Bahadur Shah Zafar together.

In 1857 soldiers were joined by many social groups. Exam tip is to remember its multidimensional nature.

The proclamation tried to pacify princely states and Indians. Exam tip is to link it with British policy after 1857.

Indigo cultivation became a source of loss and pressure for peasants. Exam tip is to link the Indigo Revolt with colonial agrarian exploitation.

The direct answer is A: Diku referred to outsider exploiters such as moneylenders, zamindars, traders, and officials. The Santhals used this word for people from outside their community whom they associated with economic exploitation, loss of land, unfair debt, rent demands, and interference in their lives. The term must be understood in the context of the Santhal rebellion, when tribal communities resisted oppressive outsiders and colonial arrangements. Option A is correct because it includes the main groups understood as Dikus. Option B, Santhal leaders, is wrong because Diku did not mean members of the Santhal community who led the rebellion. Option C, Congress workers, is wrong because the rebellion took place in the nineteenth century, before the Congress became the relevant national organisation, and the term did not mean Congress activists. Option D, English teachers, is also wrong: the word was not a general name for teachers or for every English person, but for outsider exploiters in the Santhal experience. The memory link is: Diku means the outsider who exploited tribal people. Always connect the term with land, debt, rent, and exploitation.

Ulgulan was linked with land forests and social rights. Exam tip is to connect Birsa Munda with tribal resistance.

Wood's Despatch guided education departments and universities. Exam tip is to remember it as a major document of colonial education policy.

This Act aimed to control critical Indian language press. Exam tip is to link it with Lord Lytton.

Europeans did not want to accept the authority of Indian judges. Exam tip is to link it with colonial racism.

The Drain of Wealth theory strengthened economic nationalism. Exam tip is to link Naoroji with nationalist economic criticism.

Moderate politics remained largely limited to the educated class. Exam tip is to remember both its achievements and limitations.

Moderates and Extremists differed over the strategy of the Swadeshi phase. Exam tip is to see the Surat Split as an ideological conflict within Congress.