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What was one effect of forest transformations on local society in Java?
Correct answer: A
In Java, Dutch colonial rule increased state control over forests and restricted traditional local uses such as collecting wood, grazing, and shifting cultivation. Therefore, option A is correct. Option B is incorrect because forests were not transferred to village communities; government control became stronger. Exam tip: colonial forest policies commonly reduced local communities’ forest rights.
What was the nature of protest in the Samin movement?
Correct answer: A
The followers of the Samin movement resisted Dutch colonial rule through non-violent non-cooperation. They refused to pay taxes, pay fines, and perform compulsory labour. Therefore, it was a form of non-cooperation, not an armed rebellion. Exam tip: remember the Samin movement as non-violent resistance through refusal of taxes and labour.
For what did Dutch rule want to keep Java forests?
Correct answer: A
Dutch rule wanted to preserve Java’s forests mainly to ensure a steady supply of teak timber. Teak was strong and durable, making it especially valuable for shipbuilding. Forests were often cleared, rather than protected, for plantations and cultivation, so those options are incorrect. Exam tip: link Dutch forest control in Java with teak and shipbuilding.
Under Dutch rule, when could villagers cut wood from forests in Java?
Correct answer: B
Under Dutch forest laws, villagers in Java could cut wood only with permission and under prescribed rules. They were not free to fell trees whenever they wished. Option A is therefore incorrect, while option C is unrelated to forest regulation. Exam tip: colonial forest laws mainly restricted and controlled villagers’ customary forest rights.
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