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Subjects

History

Forest Transformations in Java

TOPIC PRACTICE

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Up to 20 questions from this page. Select your focus, then start.

20 questions
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Expert · Level 61 · colonial management,labour control,java
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  1. Because their aim was profitable timber extraction and administrative control
  2. Because they wanted to establish village self-rule
  3. Because forests had no economic importance
  4. Because local communities had abandoned forest use
Expert · Level 61 · conservation,exploitation,java forests
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  1. Because commercial exploitation and social control existed in the name of conservation
  2. Because the Dutch never touched forests
  3. Because all forests were returned to villagers
  4. Because forest laws completely stopped cutting
Expert · Level 61 · kalang resistance,colonial labour,java
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  1. An independent forest-skilled community being trapped in colonial labour control
  2. Complete collapse of maritime trade
  3. End of a religious reform movement
  4. Voluntary expansion of agriculture
Expert · Level 61 · rural economy,wage labour,forest rights
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  1. Some wage opportunities arose but customary livelihood and rights weakened
  2. All villagers became rich without labour
  3. Both agriculture and forests completely disappeared
  4. Local markets had no connection
Expert · Level 61 · mapping,forest boundaries,state control
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  1. Turning nature into an administrative and revenue-generating space
  2. Turning forests completely into sacred spaces
  3. Making villagers independent rulers
  4. Declaring all trees private gifts
Expert · Level 61 · criminalisation,customary rights,colonial law
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  1. Subordinating everyday customs to state law
  2. Treating village customs as supreme
  3. Abolishing the forest department
  4. Accepting all cutting without permission
Expert · Level 61 · forest department,teak forests,local rights
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  1. Villages and forest-dependent communities
  2. Dutch officials
  3. The colonial state
  4. Timber traders forever
Expert · Level 61 · comparison,india,java,colonial forests
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  1. State control, commercial timber and restrictions on local rights
  2. Giving unlimited ownership to local communities
  3. Leaving forests without rules
  4. Ending the need for village labour
Expert · Level 61 · labour,resources,timber extraction
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  1. Local labour was needed along with forests to extract timber
  2. Timber reached markets by itself without workers
  3. Village labour had no relation with forests
  4. The Dutch had stopped using timber
Expert · Level 61 · forest villages,control,insecurity
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  1. A feeling of external control and insecurity in their own familiar forest
  2. A feeling of full political freedom
  3. A feeling of expanded customary rights
  4. A sudden end of emotional distance from forests
Expert · Level 61 · meaning of forest,state property,community
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  1. Forest changed from community life-support to commercial state property
  2. Forest became a private playground
  3. Forest became only a religious theme
  4. Forest lost all administrative importance
Expert · Level 61 · biodiversity,commercial forestry,teak
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  1. Mixed forests were increasingly replaced by emphasis on useful species
  2. Every plant received equal protection
  3. Forests saw no change
  4. Only fruit trees expanded
Expert · Level 61 · tax refusal,labour refusal,samin
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  1. Peaceful resistance against the legitimacy of colonial authority
  2. Support for Dutch trade
  3. A recruitment plan of the forest department
  4. A new teak-cutting technique
Expert · Level 61 · forest transformation,social change,java
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  1. Because rights, labour, law and community relations also changed
  2. Because trees have no relation with history
  3. Because only rainfall matters
  4. Because the forest department did not exist
Expert · Level 61 · dependency,wage labour,forest access
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  1. It reduced forest access and made them dependent on wages or service
  2. It made both forest and market free
  3. It permanently exempted villagers from all taxes
  4. It placed the forest department under villagers
Expert · Level 61 · kalangs,contradiction,dutch rule
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  1. They depended on their skills yet wanted to control them
  2. They kept them fully away from forests and took no work from them
  3. They wanted to make them independent kings
  4. They considered teak unimportant
Expert · Level 61 · fines,forest laws,discipline
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  1. Disciplining village behaviour according to state rules
  2. Letting villagers frame forest policy
  3. Leaving forests without administration
  4. Handing all fines to village councils
Expert · Level 61 · resistance,non-cooperation,java forests
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  1. Because refusing taxes, labour and rules were also forms of resistance
  2. Because no resistance occurred at all
  3. Because only European officers resisted
  4. Because there was no society in forests
Expert · Level 61 · traditional knowledge,forest use,java
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  1. Traditional knowledge of forest use, seasons, grazing and resource-sharing
  2. Only European naval mathematics
  3. Dutch art of fort building
  4. Banking knowledge of spice export
Expert · Level 61 · time discipline,forest labour,java
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  1. Village labour was tied to the state's cutting and transport needs
  2. Villagers worked only during festivals
  3. Forest work became fully voluntary and pressure-free
  4. Agricultural seasons had no relation to labour