Business Studies

Techniques of scientific management

Q: In a factory the production route was shortened but workers did not receive the new route in written instructions. Which coordination is weak?

Route clerk and instruction card clerk The governing concept is functional coordination in Taylor's specialised foremanship system. The route clerk determines the production path or sequence through which work should move, whereas the instruction-card clerk records the required method and communicates it through written instructions. If the route has been shortened but the revised route is absent from the instruction card, these two planning-related functions are not coordinated. Hence option A is correct. The speed boss deals with the pace of work, the repair boss with machine maintenance, the inspector with quality and the disciplinarian with conduct; none explains the missing written route instruction.

Q: A worker received correct written instruction but material and jig were not available when work started. Which production specialist will be responsible?

Gang boss Providing resources to start work is linked with gang boss. Exam tip: separate instruction and setup.

Q: If defects are seen in finished goods but the defect report does not show time and cost impact which record is weak?

Time and cost clerk record Time and cost impact of defects is known from time and cost records. Exam tip: check both quality and cost control.

Q: A task has 840 minutes available and time per unit is 14 minutes. What will be the standard output?

60 units Standard output is found by dividing the total available time by the standard time per unit: \(840 \div 14 = 60\). Therefore, the standard output is 60 units. If the output were 55 units, the time per unit would be about \(15.27\) minutes, not the given 14 minutes. Exam tip: In time-study numericals, use output = total available time ÷ time per unit.

Q: Standard is 108 units. A worker produces 104 units and the low rate is ₹11. What will be the wage?

₹1144 The worker produces 104 units, which is below the standard of 108 units. Under Taylor’s differential wage system, the low rate applies when output is below the standard. Therefore, the wage is \(104 \times 11 = ₹1144\). An amount such as ₹1122 would result from 102 units, not 104 units. Exam tip: first compare output with the standard, then multiply by the applicable rate.

Q: A worker produces 132 units. Standard is 125 and high rate is ₹6. 7 units are rejected. If payment is on accepted output what will be the wage?

₹750 Accepted output = 132 - 7 = 125 units. Since this equals the standard output of 125 units, the worker earns the high rate of ₹6 per unit. Wage = 125 × ₹6 = ₹750. ₹792 is incorrect because it applies the high rate to all 132 units, including the 7 rejected units. Exam tip: When payment is based on accepted output, subtract rejected units before comparing output with the standard.

Q: If standard method is applied but suppliers provide material of different density which conclusion is correct?

Standardisation is incomplete on input side Input quality should also be standard along with the same method. Exam tip: connect material variability with standardisation.

Q: If 28 product variants were reduced to 9 but the market complained that a high demand variant was removed where is the mistake?

Balanced simplification was not done with demand analysis Simplification reduces unnecessary varieties not essential demand. Exam tip: check demand before variety reduction.

Q: If product size is standard but too many packaging colours are increasing storage bins which technique is still needed?

Simplification Size is standardisation but reducing excessive colour variety is simplification. Exam tip: read standards and variety separately.

Q: If product variants are few but every packet has different weight which standard is weak?

weight standard / Weight standard Uniformity of weight is linked with standardisation. Exam tip: connect measurement variation with standardisation.

In Class 12 Business Studies, this topic explains how Frederick Winslow Taylor applied scientific methods to improve efficiency and productivity in the workplace. Students learn about functional foremanship, standardisation and simplification of work, method study, motion study, time study, fatigue study, and the differential piece wage system. The chapter connects these techniques with work planning, employee performance, time management, cost control, and the systematic application of management principles.

Hard · Level 3 · 25 questions

Practice questions

01In a factory the production route was shortened but workers did not receive the new route in written instructions. Which coordination is weak?

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Answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. Route clerk and instruction card clerk

The governing concept is functional coordination in Taylor's specialised foremanship system. The route clerk determines the production path or sequence through which work should move, whereas the instruction-card clerk records the required method and communicates it through written instructions. If the route has been shortened but the revised route is absent from the instruction card, these two planning-related functions are not coordinated. Hence option A is correct. The speed boss deals with the pace of work, the repair boss with machine maintenance, the inspector with quality and the disciplinarian with conduct; none explains the missing written route instruction.

Techniques of scientific management

Practice questions

05Standard is 108 units. A worker produces 104 units and the low rate is ₹11. What will be the wage?मानक 108 इकाई है। श्रमिक 104 इकाई बनाता है और निम्न दर ₹11 है। मजदूरी कितनी होगी?

10If product variants are few but every packet has different weight which standard is weak?यदि सभी product variants कम हैं पर हर packet का वजन अलग है तो कौन सा standard कमजोर है?

13If workers’ wrist movement reduced and per unit time changed from 10 minutes to 8 minutes what should be revised?यदि workers की wrist movement कम हुई और per unit time 10 मिनट से 8 मिनट हुआ तो किसे revise करना चाहिए?

14Which option correctly matches a work study technique with a case cue?किस विकल्प में work study की technique और case cue सही है?

15Which option has an incorrect match between technique and clue?किस विकल्प में technique और clue का गलत मिलान है?

16If standard time is fixed only on the basis of the fastest worker what is the biggest risk?यदि केवल सबसे तेज worker के आधार पर standard time तय हो तो कौन सा risk सबसे अधिक है?

17If work method is changed but the target remains the same what weakness may exist?यदि work method बदली गई और target वही रखा गया तो कौन सी कमी हो सकती है?

18If wrist pain and errors increase after a high output target which study seems ignored?यदि high output target के बाद workers में wrist pain और errors बढ़ते हैं तो कौन सा study ignored लगता है?

19If actual output is high but accepted output is low which data is necessary for wage decision?यदि actual output high है लेकिन accepted output low है तो किस data के बिना wage decision अधूरा है?

23If increasing production speed doubles the rejection rate which combined review is needed?यदि production speed बढ़ाने से rejection rate दोगुना हो गया तो कौन सी संयुक्त समीक्षा चाहिए?

24If workers are trained but the version of standard tools changed and training was not updated what gap exists?यदि workers trained हैं लेकिन standard tools का version बदल गया और training update नहीं हुई तो क्या gap है?

25If actual cost is high because material flow has extra handling which study will be useful first?यदि actual cost high है क्योंकि material flow में extra handling है तो कौन सा study सबसे पहले useful होगा?

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Analytics choices

05Standard is 108 units. A worker produces 104 units and the low rate is ₹11. What will be the wage?

10If product variants are few but every packet has different weight which standard is weak?

13If workers’ wrist movement reduced and per unit time changed from 10 minutes to 8 minutes what should be revised?

14Which option correctly matches a work study technique with a case cue?

15Which option has an incorrect match between technique and clue?

16If standard time is fixed only on the basis of the fastest worker what is the biggest risk?

17If work method is changed but the target remains the same what weakness may exist?

18If wrist pain and errors increase after a high output target which study seems ignored?

19If actual output is high but accepted output is low which data is necessary for wage decision?

23If increasing production speed doubles the rejection rate which combined review is needed?

24If workers are trained but the version of standard tools changed and training was not updated what gap exists?

25If actual cost is high because material flow has extra handling which study will be useful first?