Techniques of scientific management

Easier storage may be a benefit of simplification. Exam tip: connect storage ease with simplification.

Time study helps set targets by giving standard time. Exam tip: connect target setting with time study.

Motion study reduces unnecessary physical movements. Exam tip: connect physical movements with motion study.

Choosing a better low cost method is the objective of method study. Exam tip: connect low cost best method with method study.

Fatigue study examines causes of fatigue and rest. Exam tip: remember fatigue and productivity relation.

Instructions from different specialists show functional foremanship. Exam tip: connect specialist instructions with this technique.

Making standards of quality and method is standardisation. Exam tip: identify standardisation from the word standards.

Reducing too many varieties is simplification. Exam tip: connect production simplification with simplification.

Output above standard indicates higher rate. Exam tip: connect above standard output with high rate.

The differential wage principle compares actual output with a predetermined standard. Here the standard is 100 units and actual production is 92 units. Since 92 < 100, the worker has not reached the standard and falls into the lower-rate category. Therefore option B, lower rate, is correct. The higher rate is associated with achieving or exceeding the required standard, not with falling short of it. A special bonus is not indicated by the question, and double rate would contradict the normal differential arrangement. The result does not require calculating a percentage or wage amount; the essential reasoning is simply the inequality 92 < 100 and its connection with the lower piece rate.

Teaching the same safe method is standardisation of work method. Exam tip: connect same safe method with standardisation.

Fixing rest pauses to maintain efficiency is fatigue study. Exam tip: connect rest pauses with fatigue study.

Removing unnecessary waiting to improve process is related to method study. Exam tip: connect process delay with method study.

Unnecessary walking is a physical movement reduced by motion study. Exam tip: connect unnecessary walking with motion study.

The correct answer is functional foremanship. It divides supervisory work among specialists, so workers receive guidance from different experts rather than one general foreman.

The correct answer is four. The planning side has a route clerk, an instruction card clerk, a time and cost clerk, and a disciplinarian.

The direct answer is A: Four. Functional foremanship divides supervision into specialised duties. On the production side, four specialists guide the actual flow of work: the gang boss arranges workers and materials, the speed boss ensures the proper working speed, the repair boss keeps machines and equipment working, and the inspector checks the quality of output. Therefore the production side has four specialists. Option A is correct because it gives this exact number. Option B, five, is wrong because it adds one specialist too many. Option C, six, is also too many and does not match Taylor’s arrangement. Option D, eight, is wrong because eight is the total number of specialists on both sides, not the production side alone. Remember: production side means gang, speed, repair and inspection; four names, four specialists.

The governing concept is Taylor’s functional foremanship, which divides supervision into planning and production specialists. The planning side includes route clerk, instruction-card clerk, time and cost clerk, and disciplinarian. The production side includes gang boss, speed boss, repair boss, and inspector. Therefore the disciplinarian belongs to the planning side, making option D correct. The role is concerned with maintaining discipline and orderly conduct rather than directing the physical execution of a particular production task. The other three listed bosses are production-side specialists, so they are plausible but incorrect distractors.

The correct answer is inspector. The inspector checks the quality of the work, and this post is on the production side; the other listed posts are on the planning side.

A route clerk plans in advance the route and sequence through which a job will be completed. Therefore, route clerk is the correct answer. A speed boss focuses on the speed and efficiency of work, while an inspector checks the quality of work. Exam tip: connect “route” with the path of work.

The correct answer is the instruction card clerk. This specialist prepares instruction cards that explain the method and steps for carrying out the work.

The governing concept is Taylor’s functional foremanship, whose planning-side specialists have separate, clearly defined duties. The time and cost clerk records the time spent on jobs and the costs associated with production, supplying information for planning, wage calculations and cost control. Therefore option A is correct. The inspector checks quality, the gang boss supervises workers and maintains discipline at the operating level, and the repair boss handles machine maintenance and repairs. Those roles may use production information, but keeping the formal time-and-cost record is specifically assigned to the time and cost clerk.

The correct answer is the gang boss. On the production side, the gang boss gets the work ready by arranging the necessary tools and materials before workers start.

In Taylor’s functional foremanship, the speed boss helps workers maintain the prescribed and proper pace of work. A route clerk plans the sequence or route of work, whereas a time and cost clerk maintains time- and cost-related records. Exam tip: Link questions about the pace or speed of work with the speed boss.

In Taylor’s functional foremanship, the repair boss is responsible for getting faults in machines and tools rectified and keeping them in working condition. A gang boss arranges work and prepares workers, whereas an inspector checks the quality of work. Exam tip: link machine breakdowns and maintenance with the repair boss.