Ergonomics: definition, need and benefits

Keeping the feet supported on the floor provides a stable base and helps maintain a proper sitting posture. This can reduce unnecessary strain on the thighs and back, improving comfort during office work. Increasing the chair’s weight does not improve ergonomic support. Exam tip: Link ergonomic seating with correct posture, body support, and reduced fatigue.

Items kept too high put unnecessary strain on the shoulder. In exams, treat out-of-reach items as a risk.

Proper distance helps reduce eye fatigue. In exams, connect screen distance with visual comfort.

A correct layout keeps items in suitable places and saves energy. In exams, connect layout with workflow.

A very high platform makes the person work with raised arms. In exams, consider height important even in household work.

Ergonomics improves safety and efficiency along with comfort. In exams, treat it as wider work improvement.

Holding load far from the body increases back pressure. In exams, remember to keep heavy objects close to the body.

Items at proper height stay within safe reach. In exams, connect storage arrangement also with ergonomics.

Repeated tasks can increase strain on hands wrists and shoulders. In exams, treat repetition as a risk cue.

Choosing tools according to hand and task is user-centred design. In exams, look for human comfort in the correct example.

Wires, boxes, and other materials placed in walkways obstruct movement. A person may catch their foot on them, increasing the risk of tripping and falling. Reduced work pace may be an indirect effect, but it is not the main safety hazard. Exam tip: Keeping walkways clear and arranging wires safely are key workplace accident-prevention measures.

The direct answer is option B: work can become smoother when unnecessary movements are reduced. Ergonomics means arranging tools, furniture and tasks so that they suit the worker's body and actions. Reasoning step by step: place frequently used items nearby; arrange them in a useful order; reduce reaching, bending and searching; use less time and effort; therefore the task may be completed more smoothly and quickly. Option B is correct because good arrangement removes wasted movement without claiming that every task becomes faster. Option A is wrong because ergonomics is intended to support work, not always stop it. Option C is unrelated: a suitable workplace should make actions clearer, not make a person lose direction. Option D is wrong because ergonomics concerns safety, comfort and efficiency, not pretending that work is only a display. Memory cue: good layout means less movement, less effort and smoother work.

The direct answer is C: lower-back support helps support the natural curve of the lower back. When a person sits, the chair should help keep the spine in a comfortable, balanced posture. The lower back has a natural inward curve, and a suitable support fills the gap behind it. Step by step, this support helps the back remain aligned, reduces slouching and may reduce muscle strain during seated work. It cannot remove every possible pain, but it is ergonomically beneficial when adjusted properly. Option A is wrong because the purpose is health and posture, not making a chair look expensive. Option B is meaningless: support does not hide how long someone sits. Option C is correct because it states the physical purpose of lumbar support. Option D is opposite to good ergonomics; the aim is organized and comfortable work. Memory cue: “Lumbar support supports the lower-back curve.”

People have different bodies so one setup is not correct for all. In exams, treat individual differences as a basic point.

Glare can irritate the eyes and reduce attention. In exams, consider both amount and quality of light.

Uncomfortable temperature affects both body and attention. In exams, include temperature in work environment.

Observation shows where discomfort is being created. In exams, identify the problem before improvement.

The direct answer is A: proper lighting reduces errors and eye strain. Fine work requires the eyes to distinguish small details, stitches, colours and lines. Adequate, well-placed light makes those details clearer, so the worker need not squint or keep the eyes under unnecessary stress. Better visibility also helps accuracy. Option A is correct. Option B is wrong because lighting does not directly determine salary. Option C is wrong because light cannot hide time and that would not improve the task. Option D is wrong because changing a chair is a different ergonomic intervention; it may matter for posture but is not the main benefit asked here. The reasoning is: clear light → clearer details → less eye strain and fewer mistakes. Exam cue: detailed visual work needs suitable illumination.

Ergonomics means arranging tools, furniture, and work methods to fit the worker’s body and reduce unnecessary strain. A suitable workplace allows a person to work with a neutral posture, keeps frequently used tools within easy reach, and includes appropriate breaks. If a worker must bend continuously during ordinary daily work, the table, platform, or storage arrangement may be at the wrong height or position. Repeated bending can fatigue muscles and increase the risk of back, neck, or joint discomfort over time. The task or workplace should be adjusted.

Option D is correct because continuous bending is a clear sign that the work arrangement is not fitting the worker properly. Option A shows a helpful ergonomic practice, since breaks support recovery. Option B reduces reaching and unnecessary movement. Option C adapts table height to the person and also supports good ergonomics. Therefore, the repeated need to bend identifies neglect, while the other options describe preventive ergonomic measures.

Body-friendly arrangement helps work with less energy. In exams, link fatigue with work design.

Arrangement according to use sequence reduces unnecessary movement. In exams, see work order and reach together.

The direct answer is A: better grip and lower injury risk. In ergonomics, a tool should fit the hand, the task, and the force required. A correctly chosen tool may have a suitable handle, useful size, proper weight, and shape that allows the worker to hold it firmly without excessive force. A secure grip improves control and reduces slipping. A suitable tool can also reduce awkward wrist positions, overexertion, and the chance of cuts, strains, or other injuries. Option A is correct because it states two connected ergonomic benefits. Option B is wrong because choosing a tool does not remove the purpose of the work. Option C is wrong because proper tool selection is intended to improve, not reduce, safety. Option D is wrong because the right tool should reduce unnecessary discomfort rather than increase it. Remember: the right tool should fit the hand and task, improving both control and safety.

The direct answer is D: strain in the wrist and hand. A keyboard should normally be placed so that the hands and wrists can remain in a comfortable, fairly straight position while typing. If its height is wrong, the worker may bend the wrists upward or downward, lift the shoulders, or reach awkwardly. Repeating this posture for a long time can cause tiredness, pain, stiffness, or strain in the wrist, hand, and sometimes forearm. Option D is correct because keyboard height directly affects upper-limb posture. Option A is wrong because a keyboard position does not automatically change language. Option B is wrong because height does not normally switch the screen off. Option C is wrong because it cannot make files open automatically. Remember: keyboard position should support neutral wrists; awkward height can cause hand and wrist strain.

A good setup gives benefit only when used correctly. In exams, connect training with behaviour improvement.

The direct answer is C: lighting, screen distance, and visual breaks. Burning eyes during repeated computer work can be a sign of visual strain. Ergonomics asks whether the light is too bright, too dim, or causing glare; whether the screen is at a comfortable distance; and whether the worker takes regular breaks to look away and relax the eyes. Screen position, text size, blinking, and room lighting may all matter. Option C is correct because these are relevant workplace factors that can be checked and improved. Option A is wrong because an employee's name does not affect eye strain. Option B is wrong because wall colour alone is not the main diagnostic factor, although extreme glare or contrast may matter. Option D is wrong because a company logo has no useful connection with burning eyes. Remember: eye symptoms require checking light, screen setup, distance, and breaks.