Ergonomics: definition, need and benefits

Correct answer: A. Because repeated load can gradually create accumulated strain on the body

Ergonomics considers both sudden and gradually developing risks. In exams, treat accumulated strain as an important sign.

Correct answer: C. An expensive chair was bought, so the workplace is definitely ergonomic

Price is not proof of ergonomic suitability. In exams, keep user suitability as the main criterion.

Correct answer: B. Re-evaluate the risk created by bending

Ergonomic success needs body safety along with time saving. In exams, check both a benefit and a new risk.

Correct answer: A. To design the workplace according to real users' bodies

Body measurements help decide height, reach and space better. In exams, connect body measurements with design.

Correct answer: A. When better setup reduces errors and stabilises production

Ergonomics can also improve organisational quality and productivity. In exams, see individual and organisational benefits together.

Correct answer: A. Whether work surface or equipment height is too high

Direct answer: Option A is correct. Ergonomics matches a task and workplace to the worker’s body. If shoulders stay raised, the worker is probably compensating for a high work surface, high control or poorly positioned equipment. The first check should therefore be the height and position of the surface or tool; the expert should also observe the task and adjust it safely rather than assume one cause. Option B is irrelevant because a correct name does not explain posture. Option C is irrelevant because floor colour does not normally make shoulders remain raised. Option D is irrelevant because the number of posters does not determine working height. A raised posture can create fatigue and neck or shoulder strain when held for long periods. Memory cue: awkward body posture often points to an awkward workplace height.

Correct answer: B. Check item placement use sequence lighting and work pressure

Labels help, but errors may have many causes. In exams, look for remaining causes even after one measure.

Correct answer: B. Combined strain on back neck knees and eyes

Long floor work can strain several body parts. In exams, consider household work also as an ergonomic risk.

Correct answer: B. First do the improvement that reduces a major risk affecting more people

Priority should be based on risk severity and number of affected people. In exams, choose high-impact improvement.

Correct answer: B. Adequate lighting hand support and suitable height

Fine work requires attention to eyes, hands and posture. In exams, choose combined measures for combined work demands.

Correct answer: A. When pain repeatedly occurs at a particular time and step of the task

When pain or discomfort repeatedly occurs at a particular time and during a specific task step, it can help identify possible causes such as posture, equipment design, work height, or repetitive movement. Therefore, patterned worker feedback is most useful for ergonomic improvement. In option D, there is no clear pattern, so identifying the cause is more difficult. Exam tip: In ergonomics, give priority to clues that connect discomfort with time, task step, and repetition.

Correct answer: A. Accumulated fatigue and long-duration wrong posture

Pain increasing at the end of the day can signal time-based fatigue. In exams, connect timing of pain with cause.

Correct answer: A. Because real movement posture and obstacles become clear through observation

The direct answer is A: real movement, posture and obstacles become clear through observation. Ergonomics improves a workplace by studying how the task is actually performed, not by guessing from a desk or a written description alone. Step by step: watch the worker perform the complete task; note reaching, bending, twisting, lifting, repetition and force; identify obstacles, awkward heights and unsafe movements; then choose a suitable change and check whether it helps. Option A is correct because direct observation reveals hidden risks and the difference between the planned task and the real task. Option B is false because observation provides useful evidence. Option C is unfair and false: workers may provide valuable information about discomfort and practical difficulties, even though observation is also needed. Option D is false because guessing can miss important risks. Memory cue: observe first, analyse the work, then improve the workplace.

Correct answer: A. A good environment can improve both body comfort and mental attention

The work environment affects both body and mind. In exams, do not limit ergonomics only to the body.

Correct answer: B. Load reduction or assistive device may be needed

Along with correct technique, load amount is also important. In exams, consider both behaviour and work demand.

Correct answer: A. Because real use difficulties may be missed in the plan

User participation makes improvement practical. In exams, connect participation with effective ergonomics.

Correct answer: A. A serious risk sign as a near miss

A near miss can be a warning before a future accident. In exams, identify signs before accidents.

Correct answer: A. Inspection errors reducing due to proper lighting and support

Correct ergonomic conditions can improve inspection accuracy. In exams, connect quality with human comfort.

Correct answer: A. Users smaller or larger than the average

Direct answer: Option A is correct. Anthropometric measurements describe differences in human body size and reach. An average is only a statistical summary; it does not fit every person. A workplace designed only for the average may be too high, too low, too narrow or too far away for people who are smaller or larger than that average. Good design usually allows adjustment or covers a suitable range of users. Option B is wrong because one average design cannot give everyone equal comfort or safety. Option C is wrong because managers are not the only affected group. Option D is wrong because visitors are not the only affected group; workers of many body sizes may be affected. The underlying principle is designing for human diversity, not assuming identical bodies. Memory cue: average is a number, not a person.

Correct answer: A. When it disturbs hearing instructions attention and communication

The direct answer is option A: noise becomes an ergonomic risk when it disturbs hearing instructions, attention and communication. Ergonomics studies how the workplace, tools and conditions fit human abilities and safety. Step by step, excessive or disturbing noise makes speech harder to hear, reduces concentration, may increase fatigue and can lead to mistakes or missed warnings. Option A is correct because it identifies actual effects on work and safety. Option B is wrong because mild, controlled sound normally does not create this risk. Option C is wrong because clear safety information helps workers rather than harming them. Option D is wrong because noise with no effect is not a demonstrated ergonomic risk. The useful cue is: workplace noise matters when it interferes with people, performance or safety.

Correct answer: A. New risks and improvement effects will not be known on time

Review and improvement cycles are needed to make policy effective. In exams, remember monitoring along with policy.

Correct answer: A. Where people of different heights share the same station

Adjustability gives comfort to different users at a shared station. In exams, connect shared use with adjustment.

Correct answer: A. Hand grip and control may become weak

Being nearby is not enough, grip size should also be suitable. In exams, check both tool distance and size.

Correct answer: A. When the neck repeatedly moves down and up between screen and paper

A document holder can reduce unnecessary neck movement. In exams, pay attention to supporting material position.

Correct answer: B. Find the cause of quality effect and make balanced modification

Ergonomics should balance comfort and work outcomes. In exams, do not treat one-sided benefit as final.