Ergonomics: definition, need and benefits

Correct answer: A. Making work fit the person

Ergonomics designs work and tools according to human comfort. Exam tip: link it with the proper fit between person and work.

Correct answer: B. Workplace comfort and safety

Ergonomics makes the workplace safe and comfortable. Exam tip: remember both comfort and safety.

Correct answer: C. Ergonomic arrangement

Correct height reduces unnecessary strain on the body. Exam tip: connect chair and table height with ergonomics.

Correct answer: D. Back pain

Wrong posture puts strain on the body and may cause pain. Exam tip: remember the link between posture and health.

Correct answer: A. To reduce fatigue and injury

Ergonomics reduces fatigue and chances of injury. Exam tip: link it with safe work arrangement.

Correct answer: B. Work efficiency increases

A comfortable workplace helps a person work better and longer. Exam tip: link comfort with efficiency.

Correct answer: C. Easy to use

Easy-to-use tools make work safer and faster. Exam tip: consider ease of use as an ergonomic benefit.

Correct answer: D. It can strain the eyes

Direct answer: Option D is correct. Keeping a computer screen too close can strain the eyes. Ergonomics means arranging tools and the workplace so that the body can work safely, comfortably, and efficiently. When the screen is very near, the eyes must keep focusing at a short distance. This may produce tired eyes, dryness, difficulty focusing, headache, or temporary discomfort, especially during long work. The correct practical response is to place the screen at a comfortable distance, keep it near eye level, reduce glare, and take regular short breaks. Option D works because it identifies the real health effect: eye strain. Option A is wrong because screen distance does not increase the computer’s sound. Option B is wrong because sitting close does not break the chair. Option C is wrong because the physical distance of the screen cannot make the table smaller. These options do not describe an ergonomic effect on the worker. The exact comfortable distance can vary with screen size and person, so one rigid number should not be assumed here. Memory cue: screen too close means eyes work too hard; think eye comfort, not sound or furniture.

Correct answer: A. To reduce eye strain

The direct answer is A, reducing eye strain. Ergonomics aims to fit the workplace to human needs so that work is safer, more comfortable, and more efficient. Good lighting lets the eyes see text, tools, and surfaces clearly without excessive squinting or effort. The reasoning is: adequate, suitably directed light improves visibility; better visibility reduces unnecessary eye effort; reduced effort can lessen discomfort, headaches, and errors. Option A is correct. Option B is wrong because the purpose of workplace lighting is not to hide work. Option C is wrong because making a room appear small has nothing to do with visual comfort or safe design. Option D is wrong because lighting does not increase noise; noise is a separate environmental factor. Lighting should also avoid strong glare, deep shadows, and reflections, and should suit the task. Memory cue: clear light, comfortable sight, safer work.

Correct answer: B. Muscles may get strained

One posture puts continuous pressure on muscles. Exam tip: remember changing posture and short breaks.

Correct answer: C. Giving rest to the body

The direct answer is C, giving rest to the body. During continuous work, muscles, joints, eyes, and attention can become tired. A short, well-timed break interrupts that strain. Step by step: work causes physical or mental load; a pause allows posture to change, muscles to relax, eyes to look farther away, and attention to recover; the worker can then return with better comfort and concentration. Option C is correct. Option A is wrong because a suitable short break generally helps reduce, not increase, fatigue. Option B is wrong because rest can support attention rather than automatically reduce it. Option D is wrong because a planned pause does not spoil work; it may prevent errors and unsafe actions. A break should not mean abandoning duties: it should be brief, safe, and arranged according to the task. Stretching gently and drinking water may also help when appropriate. Memory cue: pause to recover, then work better.

Correct answer: D. Better comfort

Ergonomics designs work, tools and workplaces according to the worker’s physical abilities and needs. It promotes proper posture and comfort, so better comfort is correct. Greater injury or discomfort can result from poor work design, not from ergonomics. Exam tip: remember comfort, safety and reduced fatigue as key benefits of ergonomics.

Correct answer: A. Neck and shoulders

The direct answer is A: a wrongly high or low table can strain the neck and shoulders. Ergonomics means arranging furniture and work so that the body can work safely, comfortably, and efficiently. If a table is too high, a person may raise the shoulders and bend the neck; if it is too low, the person may bend forward for a long time. These awkward postures can cause muscle tiredness, stiffness, and pain. Option A is correct because the neck and shoulders commonly carry strain from poor desk height and posture. Option B is wrong because hair is not a load-bearing joint or muscle group affected in this ergonomic way. Option C is wrong because nails are not the main body area strained by table height. Option D is wrong because teeth are not normally strained by an incorrectly sized table. The exact effect can vary, and the back or arms may also be affected, but among these options A is the relevant answer. Memory cue: desk height affects posture; poor posture often reaches the neck and shoulders.

Correct answer: B. To support the spine properly

Ergonomics applies knowledge of the human body to the design of furniture, tools, and workspaces. An ergonomic chair is designed to keep the body comfortable and supported during sitting. Its back support helps hold the spine in a natural position, reduces unnecessary strain on the back muscles, and encourages better posture. Good support is especially useful when a person sits for study or work for a long time. The chair should also suit the user’s body and allow the feet and legs to remain comfortably positioned.

Option B is correct because proper back support supports the spine and helps maintain a healthy sitting posture. Option A is incorrect because decoration is not the main purpose of ergonomic design. Option C is incorrect because making a chair heavy does not improve body support. Option D is the opposite of ergonomics, whose aim is to make work and sitting safer, easier, and more comfortable. Thus, the design feature has a health and comfort purpose.

Correct answer: C. Reducing accidents

A non-slippery floor reduces the chance of falls. Exam tip: link safe flooring with work safety.

Correct answer: D. Safe and convenient

Direct answer: Option D, safe and convenient. Ergonomics is the study and practical arrangement of work, tools, furniture, and the workplace so that they fit human needs. Its purpose is to reduce unnecessary strain, discomfort, accidents, and fatigue while helping a person work effectively. D is correct because safety and comfort are central aims. A, uncomfortable, is the opposite of ergonomic design. B, dangerous, contradicts the goal of reducing risk. C, disorganised, is not the aim; a good ergonomic workplace is arranged suitably and efficiently. Examples include a supportive chair, correct desk height, suitable lighting, and a properly placed keyboard. Memory cue: ergonomics means fitting the work to the worker safely.

Correct answer: A. Ergonomic arrangement

Nearby items reduce unnecessary bending and walking. Exam tip: connect reach of items with ergonomics.

Correct answer: B. Risk of injury

Lifting heavy items from height can be risky. Exam tip: remember keeping heavy items at safe height.

Correct answer: A. To improve attention and comfort

Direct answer: Option A is correct. Reducing workplace noise improves attention and comfort. Noise is an unwanted sound, and continuous or sudden noise can distract a worker, interrupt concentration, make communication difficult, and increase mental tiredness. In a quieter workplace, a person can hear necessary instructions more clearly and maintain focus for longer. Lower noise does not mean that all sound must disappear; it means controlling unnecessary sound to a safe and comfortable level. Option A works because better attention and comfort support safer and more efficient work. Option B is wrong because noise control is not intended to stop work; it helps work continue properly. Option C is wrong because distracting noise generally makes mistakes more likely, while reducing it can help prevent errors. Option D is wrong because excessive noise can increase fatigue; reducing unnecessary noise normally helps reduce that burden. The exact control method may include quiet equipment, barriers, distance, or protective measures, depending on the workplace. Memory cue: less unwanted noise means more focus, comfort, and safer work.

Correct answer: B. Hand and wrist strain

Direct answer: Option B, hand and wrist strain. A keyboard placed at a suitable height and distance allows the wrists to remain relatively straight and the shoulders relaxed. This reduces repeated bending, awkward angles, and pressure during typing. B is correct because poor keyboard position can contribute to hand, wrist, and forearm discomfort. A, hair fall, is not the usual ergonomic problem addressed by keyboard placement. C, chair colour, is unrelated to body posture or strain. D, number of papers, does not change because of keyboard position. A good setup should also include short breaks and a neutral posture; correct placement reduces risk but cannot guarantee that no discomfort will ever occur. Memory cue: computer ergonomics protects the eyes, back, hands, and wrists.

Correct answer: C. Work becomes easier and safer

The direct answer is C, work becomes easier and safer. Ergonomic tool design should help the hand hold and control the tool without unnecessary force, awkward bending, or painful pressure. The reasoning is: a comfortable handle fits the hand better; a better fit improves grip and control; improved control reduces slipping and makes accurate work easier; less excessive force can reduce strain and injury risk. Option C is correct. Option A is wrong because a suitable handle normally reduces difficulty. Option B is wrong because comfort usually supports a steadier grip rather than a weaker one. Option D is wrong because fatigue does not always increase; an ergonomic handle may reduce it, although no design can remove every kind of fatigue. The handle should also suit the task, hand size, surface, weight, and required force. Memory cue: good fit gives good grip and control.

Correct answer: D. According to human body and ability

Ergonomics considers the human body and ability. Exam tip: remember work arrangement suited to the person.

Correct answer: A. Reduced body strain

Correct posture reduces unnecessary strain on body parts. Exam tip: remember the relation between posture and comfort.

Correct answer: B. To reduce the need to bend and fatigue

While working standing, the work surface should suit the worker and the task. A proper height reduces repeated bending and unnecessary shoulder elevation, thereby reducing fatigue in the back, neck and legs. A surface that is too low increases bending, whereas one that is too high can strain the shoulders and arms. Exam tip: In ergonomics, connect proper work height with good posture, comfort and reduced fatigue.

Correct answer: C. Productivity may increase

A comfortable workplace helps a person work better. Exam tip: remember comfort and productivity together.