Ergonomics: definition, need and benefits

Correct answer: A. Comfort at work may reduce stress

A comfortable arrangement may reduce mental stress and irritation. Exam tip: link comfort with mental ease.

Correct answer: B. Keep the floor organised and clear

Items scattered on the floor increase the risk of tripping, slipping and falling. Keeping the floor organised and the pathway clear is an ergonomic improvement because it makes the work area safer and easier to use. Switching off the lighting does not solve the problem; poor visibility can increase the risk. Exam tip: In ergonomics, connect clear pathways and orderly workspaces with accident prevention.

Correct answer: C. Maintaining comfort and attention

Extreme heat or cold can affect attention and comfort. Exam tip: connect temperature with work environment.

Correct answer: D. Hand and shoulder may stretch

The direct answer is D: the hand and shoulder may become strained. A mouse should normally be close enough that the elbow and shoulder stay relaxed, rather than requiring repeated reaching. If it is too far away, the arm must extend and the shoulder may remain lifted or tense. Repetition can produce discomfort and strain. Option A is wrong because extra reaching does not make work easier. Option B is wrong because the wrist does not automatically rest when the whole arm reaches forward. Option C is wrong because strain generally increases, not decreases. Option D is correct because it describes the likely ergonomic problem. The reasoning is: excessive distance → repeated reaching → awkward posture and muscle load. Exam cue: frequently used tools should be within a comfortable reach.

Correct answer: A. To make work safe and comfortable

Ergonomics makes work arrangement safe and convenient. Exam tip: link its use with health and efficiency.

Correct answer: A. To support the feet

A footrest can help reduce pressure on feet and lower back. Exam tip: remember support in long standing work.

Correct answer: A. Materials are identified quickly

Proper labels make each material and its storage location easy to identify quickly. This saves time in locating items and reduces the chance of choosing the wrong material. Option D may occur when labels are absent or unclear, not when labelling is proper. Exam tip: link labelling in workplace organisation with time saving and error reduction.

Correct answer: A. Ergonomic adjustment

Changing tool position according to work improves comfort and safety. Exam tip: consider adjustment as part of ergonomics.

Correct answer: A. Visual strain

In very low light, the eyes must work harder to see objects, which can cause visual strain, eye fatigue, or headache. Low lighting may also reduce safety and work accuracy, so options B, C, and D are incorrect. Exam tip: an ergonomic workplace needs adequate, evenly distributed lighting for the task.

Correct answer: A. Arms and shoulders

Direct answer: Option A is correct. Arm support on a chair can give rest to the arms and shoulders. When the forearms or elbows are supported at a suitable height, some of the weight of the upper limbs is carried by the support instead of being held continuously by the shoulder and back muscles. This can reduce muscular effort during seated work, especially when the chair, desk, and posture are adjusted properly. The support should not force the shoulders upward or press painfully on the elbows. Option A works because it names the body parts directly helped by armrests. Option B is wrong because arm support has no meaningful role in resting hair. Option C is wrong because it does not rest the teeth; teeth need oral care, not chair armrests. Option D is wrong because armrests do not support shoes. The benefit is not that every discomfort disappears, but that suitable support can reduce pressure and improve seated comfort. Memory cue: armrest supports the arm, helping the shoulder relax.

Correct answer: A. Reducing pressure on the same muscle

Task change reduces continuous pressure on the same body part. Exam tip: treat task rotation as an ergonomic measure.

Correct answer: A. Human-friendly arrangement

Human-friendly arrangement improves both health and efficiency. Exam tip: link ergonomics with human comfort.

Correct answer: A. To reduce strain on the back and lower back

Frequent or excessive bending puts extra strain on the back, lower back, and muscles, which can cause fatigue and pain. Appropriate work-surface height and correct posture help reduce unnecessary bending. Option B is incorrect because ergonomics aims to make work safer and more comfortable, not merely slower. Exam tip: link reduced bending with reduced back and lower-back strain.

Correct answer: A. According to person's height and type of work

Every person and task can have different needs. Exam tip: connect work height with individual needs.

Correct answer: A. Creating proper fit between work and person

The basic idea of ergonomics is proper fit between work and person. Exam tip: remember this main definition.

Correct answer: A. Work becomes more comfortable

A comfortable and safe workplace can increase satisfaction. Exam tip: connect satisfaction with comfort.

Correct answer: A. Easy reach

Items kept in front are easy to reach and reduce stretching. Exam tip: treat reach as an ergonomic principle.

Correct answer: A. To maintain attention

Less noise maintains both attention and comfort. Exam tip: link noise control with work efficiency.

Correct answer: A. Muscle pain

Wrong posture puts continuous pressure on muscles. Exam tip: link long wrong posture with pain.

Correct answer: A. By creating safe arrangement

Safe arrangement reduces tripping, falls, and wrong use. Exam tip: link arrangement with accident control.

Correct answer: A. Within easy and safe reach

Direct answer: Option A is correct. In ergonomics, tools should be kept within easy and safe reach. The aim is to arrange the workplace so a person can pick up and return commonly used tools without excessive bending, twisting, stretching, or walking. This saves time, reduces unnecessary movement, and lowers the chance of muscle strain or an accident. Frequently used items should be placed closest, while less-used items may be stored farther away if they remain safe to access. The path should remain clear, and heavy or dangerous objects need especially careful placement. Option A works because it combines convenience with safety, which is the central idea of ergonomic arrangement. Option B is wrong because keeping tools very far causes extra reaching and movement. Option C is wrong because very high storage can require unsafe stretching, climbing, or lifting. Option D is wrong because objects scattered on a pathway create a tripping hazard and obstruct movement. Memory cue: tools used often should be near, stable, and out of the walking path.

Correct answer: A. Their height and ability are different

Ergonomics needs arrangement according to physical needs of a person. Exam tip: remember individual differences.

Correct answer: A. Health problems and injuries may reduce

Reduced injury and fatigue can help the worker remain regular. Exam tip: link health benefits with absence.

Correct answer: A. Proper height, lighting and reach

Proper height, lighting, and reach are common parts of ergonomic arrangement. Exam tip: remember these three together.

Correct answer: A. Healthy, safe and efficient

Ergonomics promotes health, safety, and efficiency. Exam tip: remember these three as the final aim.