Ergonomics: definition, need and benefits

Repeated bending places continuous strain on the spine and lower-back muscles, which may cause back pain. Wrist pain is more commonly linked with repetitive hand movements, so it is a related but different problem. Exam tip: maintain a suitable work height to reduce frequent bending.

Correct height and reach in the kitchen are part of ergonomics. Exam tip: remember its use at home and workplace.

Direct answer: Option A is correct. Keeping an object too far away while working may cause repeated stretching and unnecessary strain. Ergonomics aims to reduce awkward posture, excessive reaching, and repeated movements. If a worker must extend the arm or bend the trunk again and again to pick up a tool, the muscles of the shoulder, arm, back, or neck may become tired. A good arrangement keeps frequently used objects within easy and safe reach, while still leaving enough clear space for movement. Option A works because it describes the direct physical problem caused by excessive reach. Option B is wrong because moving an object does not make the room physically larger. Option C is wrong because work does not happen automatically; the worker still has to perform it. Option D is wrong because the distance of an object does not by itself reduce noise. The exact best reach depends on the task and the person, but repeated far reaching is generally less comfortable and less efficient. Memory cue: frequent tool use plus far reach equals repeated strain; keep common tools nearby.

Proper foot support keeps sitting posture stable. Exam tip: remember both feet and back in sitting.

Disorder increases chances of tripping and mistakes. Exam tip: link a clean organised place with safety.

A healthy and safe work arrangement reduces chances of illness and injury. Exam tip: remember health benefits.

Proper air and temperature help a person work comfortably. Exam tip: consider environment as part of ergonomics.

Keeping materials at the right distance reduces strain and time. Exam tip: understand reach arrangement as an ergonomic principle.

Ergonomics is meant to reduce discomfort, not increase it. Exam tip: learn to identify the wrong purpose.

The direct answer is B, safety and efficiency increase. Selecting the correct tool means matching the tool to the job, the material, and the worker’s safe method. Step by step: the suitable tool performs the required action more easily; the worker needs less unnecessary force and makes fewer avoidable movements; better control improves accuracy and reduces the chance of slips, damage, or injury; completing the task with fewer errors improves efficiency. Option B is correct because it combines the two main ergonomic benefits. Option A is wrong because a proper tool normally makes work easier. Option C is wrong because fatigue does not always increase; the correct tool can reduce strain. Option D is wrong because correct selection is intended to prevent mistakes, not produce only mistakes. The tool must still be used correctly, maintained, and matched to instructions; a good tool cannot make unsafe behaviour safe. Memory cue: right tool, less strain, safer and faster work.

Correct answer: A. Looking at a computer screen for a long time requires the eyes to keep focusing at a fairly close distance. Continuous focusing, reduced blinking, glare, poor lighting, or an unsuitable viewing position may contribute to tired or uncomfortable eyes. Short pauses allow the eyes to relax and can reduce visual strain. Resting the eyes does not mean that computer work is always harmful; it is a sensible ergonomic practice that supports comfort and sustained work. Option A is correct because it states the direct benefit. Option B is wrong because eye rest does not change the chair, although chair adjustment is another ergonomic matter. Option C is wrong because eye rest does not increase sound. Option D is wrong because it has no direct connection with visual rest. Memory cue: screen work needs screen breaks—rest the eyes, blink, and look away for a while.

Repeating the same movement or posture can place stress on muscles, joints and body parts such as the wrist, increasing the risk of repetitive strain injuries. Ergonomics adapts the task, tools and workplace to the worker, helping to reduce this strain. Option B is incorrect because ergonomics aims to make work safer and more efficient, not slower. Exam tip: remember ergonomics as fitting the workplace and task to the worker’s body.

Ergonomics considers the person's ability and comfort. Exam tip: remember human-centred design.

Correct position of material reduces neck strain. Exam tip: repeated turning is an ergonomic problem.

The direct answer is D: fatigue and confusion decrease. Ergonomics means arranging tools, instructions, posture, lighting and work methods so that they suit human needs. When a worker is comfortable and does not become tired quickly, attention remains steady. When tools and instructions are placed clearly, the worker is less confused. The reasoning is: good arrangement → less physical and mental strain → better attention → fewer mistakes. Option A is wrong because stopping work does not explain accurate work and is not a useful arrangement. Option B is wrong because hidden tools make work slower and more confusing. Option C is wrong because removing instructions can increase mistakes. Option D is correct because lower fatigue and confusion directly support careful performance. Memory cue: comfort, clarity and fewer errors go together.

Proper height makes items easy and safe to access. Exam tip: connect storage height with ergonomics.

Changing arrangement according to work reduces body strain. Exam tip: remember posture according to type of work.

Ergonomics designs work, tools, and workplaces according to the worker’s physical abilities. Suitable work height, proper seating, and safe tools can reduce fatigue, poor posture, and the risk of injury; therefore, option A is correct. Option D is incorrect because ergonomics does not eliminate the need for safety equipment. Exam tip: Remember that ergonomics improves safety, comfort, and work efficiency.

Direct answer: A, because the proper height reduces bending. Ergonomics means arranging tools, furniture, posture, and work methods so that the task fits the worker and causes less unnecessary strain. While stitching, a table that is too low makes the person bend the neck and back for a long time; a suitable height allows the work to be kept nearer to a comfortable level. The step-by-step benefit is: less bending; more neutral posture; less load on back and neck muscles; greater comfort and safer, more efficient work. Option A is correct because it describes the direct ergonomic benefit. Option B is wrong because table height does not make thread disappear. Option C is wrong because the cloth does not become heavier or lighter merely because the table is correctly adjusted. Option D is wrong because suitable height does not increase sound; noise is unrelated to this posture benefit. Correct height alone is not everything: good lighting, breaks, and proper sitting also help. Memory cue: “Fit the workplace to the body, not the body to the strain.”

Organising cables prevents them from lying across walkways and floors. This reduces the risk of employees catching their feet in wires, tripping, and falling. Cable organisation does not directly reduce noise, electricity use, or lighting intensity. Exam tip: in workplace ergonomics, wire management is mainly linked to safety and accident prevention.

Work height should match the person's comfort and body position. Exam tip: consider height suited to the worker.

A comfortable grip reduces pressure on hands and wrists. Exam tip: remember ergonomic design in household tools.

Ergonomics creates a proper fit between person and work. Exam tip: remember this as its basic definition.

Each person's height and ability can be different. Exam tip: link ergonomics with individual needs.

Correct ergonomic arrangement promotes both health and safety. Exam tip: remember healthy work as a final benefit.