Domestic income is the sum of factor incomes earned within domestic territory. In exams keep domestic territory and nationality separate.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. घरेलू सीमा / Domestic territory. Domestic income is the sum of factor incomes earned within domestic territory. In exams keep domestic territory and nationality separate.
Step 3
Exam Tip
घरेलू आय घरेलू सीमा में अर्जित कारक आयों का योग है। परीक्षा में घरेलू सीमा और राष्ट्रीयता को अलग रखें।
Income received by factors for productive services is factor income. The income method adds this income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कारक आय / Factor income. Income received by factors for productive services is factor income. The income method adds this income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
उत्पादन कारकों को उत्पादन सेवा के बदले जो आय मिलती है वह कारक आय है। आय विधि में इसी आय को जोड़ा जाता है।
A. कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक/Compensation of employees
Step 1
Concept
Wages and salaries are received by workers for employment service. Therefore they are part of compensation of employees.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक / Compensation of employees. Wages and salaries are received by workers for employment service. Therefore they are part of compensation of employees.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मजदूरी और वेतन श्रमिकों को रोजगार सेवा के बदले मिलते हैं। इसलिए ये कर्मचारियों के पारिश्रमिक का भाग हैं।
In the income method income is considered to arise from the contribution of factors of production. Thus labour land capital and entrepreneur are important.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उत्पादन कारक / Factors of production. In the income method income is considered to arise from the contribution of factors of production. Thus labour land capital and entrepreneur are important.
Step 3
Exam Tip
आय विधि में आय उत्पादन कारकों के योगदान से उत्पन्न मानी जाती है। इसलिए श्रम भूमि पूंजी और उद्यमी महत्वपूर्ण हैं।
Rent is received for the use of land or natural resources. It is treated as factor income in the income method.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. किराया / Rent. Rent is received for the use of land or natural resources. It is treated as factor income in the income method.
Step 3
Exam Tip
भूमि या प्राकृतिक संसाधन के उपयोग के बदले किराया मिलता है। इसे आय विधि में कारक आय माना जाता है।
A. कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक/Compensation of employees
Step 1
Concept
Compensation of employees is a major component of domestic income. Private consumption and net exports are components of the expenditure method.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक / Compensation of employees. Compensation of employees is a major component of domestic income. Private consumption and net exports are components of the expenditure method.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक घरेलू आय का प्रमुख घटक है। निजी उपभोग और शुद्ध निर्यात व्यय विधि के घटक हैं।
Operating surplus shows income from property and enterprise. It includes rent interest and profit.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. किराया ब्याज और लाभ / Rent interest and profit. Operating surplus shows income from property and enterprise. It includes rent interest and profit.
Step 3
Exam Tip
परिचालन अधिशेष संपत्ति और उद्यम से प्राप्त आय को दिखाता है। इसमें किराया ब्याज और लाभ शामिल होते हैं।
In self-employment it is difficult to separate income of labour capital and enterprise. Therefore it is called mixed income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मिश्रित आय / Mixed income. In self-employment it is difficult to separate income of labour capital and enterprise. Therefore it is called mixed income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
स्वरोजगार में श्रम पूंजी और उद्यम की आय अलग करना कठिन होता है। इसलिए इसे मिश्रित आय कहा जाता है।
A. शुद्ध विदेशी कारक आय/Net factor income from abroad
Step 1
Concept
To get national income (NFIA) is added to domestic income. It changes the domestic concept into national concept.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शुद्ध विदेशी कारक आय / Net factor income from abroad. To get national income (NFIA) is added to domestic income. It changes the domestic concept into national concept.
Step 3
Exam Tip
राष्ट्रीय आय पाने के लिए घरेलू आय में (NFIA) जोड़ा जाता है। यह घरेलू से राष्ट्रीय अवधारणा में बदलाव करता है।
A. क्योंकि यह चालू उत्पादन सेवा के बदले नहीं मिलती/Because it is not received for current productive service
Step 1
Concept
Pension is generally a transfer payment. It is not added in factor income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह चालू उत्पादन सेवा के बदले नहीं मिलती / Because it is not received for current productive service. Pension is generally a transfer payment. It is not added in factor income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पेंशन सामान्यतः हस्तांतरण भुगतान है। इसे कारक आय में नहीं जोड़ा जाता।
A. कर्मचारी को मिला वेतन/Salary received by an employee
Step 1
Concept
An employee’s salary is received for labour service. Therefore it is factor income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कर्मचारी को मिला वेतन / Salary received by an employee. An employee’s salary is received for labour service. Therefore it is factor income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कर्मचारी का वेतन श्रम सेवा के बदले मिलता है। इसलिए यह कारक आय है।
A. कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक/Compensation of employees
Step 1
Concept
A facility given by employer is an employee benefit. It can be treated as part of compensation of employees.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक / Compensation of employees. A facility given by employer is an employee benefit. It can be treated as part of compensation of employees.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नियोक्ता द्वारा दी गई सुविधा कर्मचारी लाभ है। इसे कर्मचारियों के पारिश्रमिक का भाग माना जा सकता है।
A. कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक + परिचालन अधिशेष + मिश्रित आय/Compensation of employees + operating surplus + mixed income
Step 1
Concept
The main components of domestic income are compensation of employees operating surplus and mixed income. Adding them gives \(NDP_{FC}\).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक + परिचालन अधिशेष + मिश्रित आय / Compensation of employees + operating surplus + mixed income. The main components of domestic income are compensation of employees operating surplus and mixed income. Adding them gives \(NDP_{FC}\).
Step 3
Exam Tip
घरेलू आय के मुख्य घटक कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक परिचालन अधिशेष और मिश्रित आय हैं। इन्हें जोड़कर \(NDP_{FC}\) मिलता है।
Scholarship is not received for productive service. Therefore it is treated as transfer income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. हस्तांतरण आय / Transfer income. Scholarship is not received for productive service. Therefore it is treated as transfer income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
छात्रवृत्ति उत्पादन सेवा के बदले नहीं मिलती। इसलिए इसे हस्तांतरण आय माना जाता है।
A. क्योंकि यह चालू उत्पादन से उत्पन्न आय नहीं है/Because it is not income generated from current production
Step 1
Concept
Sale of an old house only changes ownership. It does not generate new income from current production.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह चालू उत्पादन से उत्पन्न आय नहीं है / Because it is not income generated from current production. Sale of an old house only changes ownership. It does not generate new income from current production.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुराने मकान की बिक्री केवल स्वामित्व बदलती है। यह चालू उत्पादन से नई आय उत्पन्न नहीं करती।
Profit is received by the entrepreneur for organization and risk. Hence it is entrepreneurial income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उद्यम आय / Entrepreneurial income. Profit is received by the entrepreneur for organization and risk. Hence it is entrepreneurial income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
लाभ उद्यमी को संगठन और जोखिम के बदले मिलता है। इसलिए यह उद्यम आय है।
Interest on a savings account is income from the use of capital. It is treated as interest income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. पूंजी से प्राप्त आय / Income from capital. Interest on a savings account is income from the use of capital. It is treated as interest income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
बचत खाते पर ब्याज पूंजी के उपयोग से मिलने वाली आय है। इसे ब्याज आय माना जाता है।
A. छोटे दुकानदार की स्वरोजगार आय/Self-employment income of a small shopkeeper
Step 1
Concept
A small shopkeeper contributes both labour and enterprise himself. His income is treated as mixed income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. छोटे दुकानदार की स्वरोजगार आय / Self-employment income of a small shopkeeper. A small shopkeeper contributes both labour and enterprise himself. His income is treated as mixed income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
छोटा दुकानदार स्वयं श्रम और उद्यम दोनों देता है। उसकी आय को मिश्रित आय माना जाता है।
A. क्योंकि यह उत्पादन सेवा के बदले नहीं मिलती/Because it is not received for productive service
Step 1
Concept
Unemployment assistance is a transfer payment. It is not factor income so it is not directly added to national income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह उत्पादन सेवा के बदले नहीं मिलती / Because it is not received for productive service. Unemployment assistance is a transfer payment. It is not factor income so it is not directly added to national income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
बेरोजगारी सहायता हस्तांतरण भुगतान है। यह कारक आय नहीं है इसलिए राष्ट्रीय आय में सीधे नहीं जोड़ी जाती।
A. शुद्ध विदेशी कारक आय/Net factor income from abroad
Step 1
Concept
Salary received from abroad is factor income. It can be adjusted in national income through (NFIA).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शुद्ध विदेशी कारक आय / Net factor income from abroad. Salary received from abroad is factor income. It can be adjusted in national income through (NFIA).
Step 3
Exam Tip
विदेश से प्राप्त वेतन कारक आय है। यह (NFIA) के माध्यम से राष्ट्रीय आय में समायोजित हो सकता है।
A. यह घरेलू आय में आता है पर राष्ट्रीय आय में (NFIA) से समायोजित होता है/It enters domestic income but is adjusted through (NFIA) for national income
Step 1
Concept
Income of a foreign resident in the country is earned within domestic territory. For national income adjustment is made for income of normal residents.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह घरेलू आय में आता है पर राष्ट्रीय आय में (NFIA) से समायोजित होता है / It enters domestic income but is adjusted through (NFIA) for national income. Income of a foreign resident in the country is earned within domestic territory. For national income adjustment is made for income of normal residents.
Step 3
Exam Tip
विदेशी निवासी की देश में आय घरेलू सीमा में अर्जित होती है। राष्ट्रीय आय में सामान्य निवासियों की आय के लिए समायोजन किया जाता है।
A. क्योंकि ये उत्पादन कारकों को नहीं मिलते/Because they are not received by factors of production
Step 1
Concept
Factor income is received by factors for their services. Indirect taxes are received by government so they are not factor income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि ये उत्पादन कारकों को नहीं मिलते / Because they are not received by factors of production. Factor income is received by factors for their services. Indirect taxes are received by government so they are not factor income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कारक आय उत्पादन कारकों को उनकी सेवा के बदले मिलती है। अप्रत्यक्ष कर सरकार को मिलते हैं इसलिए कारक आय नहीं हैं।
A. क्योंकि ये उत्पादन में कारक सेवा का प्रतिफल नहीं होते/Because they are not rewards for factor services in production
Step 1
Concept
Donations and grants may be assistance in nature. They are not income received for productive service.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि ये उत्पादन में कारक सेवा का प्रतिफल नहीं होते / Because they are not rewards for factor services in production. Donations and grants may be assistance in nature. They are not income received for productive service.
Step 3
Exam Tip
दान और अनुदान सहायता प्रकृति के हो सकते हैं। ये उत्पादन सेवा के बदले प्राप्त आय नहीं होते।
Net exports are a component of the expenditure method. In the income method components of factor income are added.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शुद्ध निर्यात / Net exports. Net exports are a component of the expenditure method. In the income method components of factor income are added.
Step 3
Exam Tip
शुद्ध निर्यात व्यय विधि का घटक है। आय विधि में कारक आयों के घटक जोड़े जाते हैं।
A. कर्मचारियों के पारिश्रमिक का भाग/Part of compensation of employees
Step 1
Concept
A facility received in kind is also a benefit for employment. Therefore it can be included in compensation of employees.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कर्मचारियों के पारिश्रमिक का भाग / Part of compensation of employees. A facility received in kind is also a benefit for employment. Therefore it can be included in compensation of employees.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वस्तु रूप में मिली सुविधा भी रोजगार के बदले लाभ है। इसलिए इसे कर्मचारियों के पारिश्रमिक में शामिल किया जा सकता है।
A. क्योंकि यह उत्पादन सेवा के प्रतिफल के रूप में नहीं मिलता/Because it is not received as a reward for productive service
Step 1
Concept
An insurance claim can be compensation or a contract-based receipt. It is not payment for factor service in production.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह उत्पादन सेवा के प्रतिफल के रूप में नहीं मिलता / Because it is not received as a reward for productive service. An insurance claim can be compensation or a contract-based receipt. It is not payment for factor service in production.
Step 3
Exam Tip
बीमा दावा क्षतिपूर्ति या अनुबंध आधारित प्राप्ति हो सकता है। यह उत्पादन में कारक सेवा का भुगतान नहीं है।
A. मजदूरी किराया ब्याज लाभ/Wages rent interest profit
Step 1
Concept
Wages rent interest and profit are all factor incomes. Donation loan pension and lottery are not factor incomes.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मजदूरी किराया ब्याज लाभ / Wages rent interest profit. Wages rent interest and profit are all factor incomes. Donation loan pension and lottery are not factor incomes.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मजदूरी किराया ब्याज और लाभ चारों कारक आय हैं। दान ऋण पेंशन और लॉटरी कारक आय नहीं हैं।
A. यह उत्पादन से उत्पन्न कारक आयों को जोड़ती है/It adds factor incomes generated from production
Step 1
Concept
The income method adds factor incomes generated in the production process. Adding final expenditure is a feature of the expenditure method.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह उत्पादन से उत्पन्न कारक आयों को जोड़ती है / It adds factor incomes generated from production. The income method adds factor incomes generated in the production process. Adding final expenditure is a feature of the expenditure method.
Step 3
Exam Tip
आय विधि में उत्पादन प्रक्रिया से बनी कारक आयों को जोड़ा जाता है। अंतिम व्यय जोड़ना व्यय विधि की विशेषता है।
A. क्योंकि उसका विश्वसनीय मौद्रिक मूल्यांकन कठिन होता है/Because reliable monetary valuation is difficult
Step 1
Concept
Voluntary service has no market payment. Therefore accurate valuation of its income is difficult.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि उसका विश्वसनीय मौद्रिक मूल्यांकन कठिन होता है / Because reliable monetary valuation is difficult. Voluntary service has no market payment. Therefore accurate valuation of its income is difficult.
Step 3
Exam Tip
स्वैच्छिक सेवा का बाजार भुगतान नहीं होता। इसलिए उसकी आय का सही मूल्यांकन कठिन होता है।
Profit earned within domestic territory enters domestic income. It may be adjusted through (NFIA) for national income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. घरेलू आय / Domestic income. Profit earned within domestic territory enters domestic income. It may be adjusted through (NFIA) for national income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
घरेलू सीमा में अर्जित लाभ घरेलू आय में आता है। राष्ट्रीय आय में इसे (NFIA) के माध्यम से समायोजित किया जा सकता है।
A. विदेश से प्राप्त कारक आय/Factor income from abroad
Step 1
Concept
Interest received from abroad can be factor income. It enters (NFIA) and affects national income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. विदेश से प्राप्त कारक आय / Factor income from abroad. Interest received from abroad can be factor income. It enters (NFIA) and affects national income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
विदेश से मिला ब्याज कारक आय हो सकता है। यह (NFIA) में शामिल होकर राष्ट्रीय आय को प्रभावित करता है।
A. कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक/Compensation of employees
Step 1
Concept
Leave salary is a payment related to employment. Therefore it can be included in compensation of employees.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कर्मचारियों का पारिश्रमिक / Compensation of employees. Leave salary is a payment related to employment. Therefore it can be included in compensation of employees.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अवकाश वेतन रोजगार संबंध से जुड़ा भुगतान है। इसलिए यह कर्मचारियों के पारिश्रमिक में आ सकता है।
A. क्योंकि राष्ट्रीय आय चालू उत्पादन से बनी आय मापती है/Because national income measures income generated by current production
Step 1
Concept
National income is a measure of income generated by current production. Therefore non-productive receipts are not included.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि राष्ट्रीय आय चालू उत्पादन से बनी आय मापती है / Because national income measures income generated by current production. National income is a measure of income generated by current production. Therefore non-productive receipts are not included.
Step 3
Exam Tip
राष्ट्रीय आय वर्तमान उत्पादन से उत्पन्न आय का माप है। इसलिए गैर-उत्पादक प्राप्तियां शामिल नहीं की जातीं।
A. जब वह उत्पादन सेवा या कार्य के बदले भुगतान हो/When it is payment for a productive service or work
Step 1
Concept
If prize is for work or service it may be income. Amount without productive service is not factor income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब वह उत्पादन सेवा या कार्य के बदले भुगतान हो / When it is payment for a productive service or work. If prize is for work or service it may be income. Amount without productive service is not factor income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
यदि पुरस्कार कार्य या सेवा के बदले है तो वह आय हो सकता है। बिना उत्पादन सेवा वाली राशि कारक आय नहीं होती।
Net profit of a businessman is reward for enterprise and risk. Therefore it is entrepreneurial income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उद्यम आय / Entrepreneurial income. Net profit of a businessman is reward for enterprise and risk. Therefore it is entrepreneurial income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
व्यवसायी का शुद्ध लाभ उद्यम और जोखिम का प्रतिफल है। इसलिए यह उद्यम आय है।
A. शुद्ध विदेशी कारक आय/Net factor income from abroad
Step 1
Concept
(NFIA) is added to convert domestic income into national income. This creates the main difference between the two.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शुद्ध विदेशी कारक आय / Net factor income from abroad. (NFIA) is added to convert domestic income into national income. This creates the main difference between the two.
Step 3
Exam Tip
घरेलू आय को राष्ट्रीय आय में बदलने के लिए (NFIA) जोड़ा जाता है। यही दोनों में मुख्य अंतर बनाता है।
A. कारक आय और हस्तांतरण आय का अंतर/Difference between factor income and transfer income
Step 1
Concept
Only factor income is added in the income method. Therefore it is important to understand the difference between factor and transfer income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कारक आय और हस्तांतरण आय का अंतर / Difference between factor income and transfer income. Only factor income is added in the income method. Therefore it is important to understand the difference between factor and transfer income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
आय विधि में केवल कारक आय जोड़ी जाती है। इसलिए कारक आय और हस्तांतरण आय का अंतर समझना जरूरी है।
