C. insert DNA को vector से जोड़ना/Joining insert DNA with vector
Step 1
Concept
In laboratory cloning ligase joins insert DNA with vector. This is a main step in making recombinant DNA.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. insert DNA को vector से जोड़ना / Joining insert DNA with vector. In laboratory cloning ligase joins insert DNA with vector. This is a main step in making recombinant DNA.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Laboratory cloning में ligase insert DNA को vector से जोड़ता है। यह recombinant DNA बनाने का मुख्य step है।
DNA ligase seals nicks in the DNA backbone. It is required in replication and repair.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. डीएनए backbone में nick / Nick in DNA backbone. DNA ligase seals nicks in the DNA backbone. It is required in replication and repair.
Step 3
Exam Tip
DNA ligase DNA backbone में nick को seal करता है। यह replication और repair में जरूरी है।
B. Okazaki fragments को जोड़ने के लिए/To join Okazaki fragments
Step 1
Concept
In replication Okazaki fragments form on the lagging strand. Ligase joins them to make a continuous strand.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. Okazaki fragments को जोड़ने के लिए / To join Okazaki fragments. In replication Okazaki fragments form on the lagging strand. Ligase joins them to make a continuous strand.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Replication में lagging strand पर Okazaki fragments बनते हैं। Ligase उन्हें जोड़कर continuous strand बनाता है।
DNA ligase joins Okazaki fragments of the lagging strand. This is often asked in replication MCQs.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. पिछड़ा तंतु / Lagging strand. DNA ligase joins Okazaki fragments of the lagging strand. This is often asked in replication MCQs.
Step 3
Exam Tip
DNA ligase lagging strand के Okazaki fragments को जोड़ता है। यह replication MCQs में अक्सर पूछा जाता है।
A. polymerase strand बढ़ाता है और ligase nick seal करता है/Polymerase extends strand and ligase seals nick
Step 1
Concept
Polymerase builds a strand by adding nucleotides. Ligase seals nicks between pre-existing DNA fragments.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. polymerase strand बढ़ाता है और ligase nick seal करता है / Polymerase extends strand and ligase seals nick. Polymerase builds a strand by adding nucleotides. Ligase seals nicks between pre-existing DNA fragments.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Polymerase nucleotide जोड़कर strand बनाता है। Ligase pre-existing DNA fragments के बीच nick seal करता है।
B. ligase joins DNA और helicase unwinds DNA/Ligase joins DNA and helicase unwinds DNA
Step 1
Concept
Helicase unwinds the double helix. Ligase joins DNA fragments.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. ligase joins DNA और helicase unwinds DNA / Ligase joins DNA and helicase unwinds DNA. Helicase unwinds the double helix. Ligase joins DNA fragments.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Helicase double helix खोलता है। Ligase DNA fragments को जोड़ता है।
A. 5 prime phosphate और 3 prime hydroxyl/5 prime phosphate and 3 prime hydroxyl
Step 1
Concept
DNA ligase forms a phosphodiester bond between 5 prime phosphate and 3 prime hydroxyl. Remember this as the chemical basis.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 5 prime phosphate और 3 prime hydroxyl / 5 prime phosphate and 3 prime hydroxyl. DNA ligase forms a phosphodiester bond between 5 prime phosphate and 3 prime hydroxyl. Remember this as the chemical basis.
Step 3
Exam Tip
DNA ligase 5 prime phosphate और 3 prime hydroxyl के बीच phosphodiester bond बनाता है। इसे chemical basis के रूप में याद रखें।
A. ligation efficiency घट सकती है/Ligation efficiency may decrease
Step 1
Concept
5 prime phosphate is needed for phosphodiester bond formation. Its absence can affect ligation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ligation efficiency घट सकती है / Ligation efficiency may decrease. 5 prime phosphate is needed for phosphodiester bond formation. Its absence can affect ligation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
5 prime phosphate phosphodiester bond formation के लिए जरूरी है। इसकी कमी ligation को प्रभावित कर सकती है।
Ligation needs active ligase proper DNA ends and suitable buffer. Photosynthesis pigment is not related to ligation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. photosynthesis pigment. Ligation needs active ligase proper DNA ends and suitable buffer. Photosynthesis pigment is not related to ligation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Ligation के लिए active ligase proper DNA ends और suitable buffer जरूरी हैं। Photosynthesis pigment का ligation से संबंध नहीं है।
A. यह blunt DNA ends को भी जोड़ सकता है/It can also join blunt DNA ends
Step 1
Concept
T4 DNA ligase can join both sticky and blunt ends. In blunt-end ligation conditions are kept more carefully.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह blunt DNA ends को भी जोड़ सकता है / It can also join blunt DNA ends. T4 DNA ligase can join both sticky and blunt ends. In blunt-end ligation conditions are kept more carefully.
Step 3
Exam Tip
T4 DNA ligase sticky और blunt दोनों ends जोड़ सकता है। Blunt-end ligation में conditions अधिक सावधानी से रखी जाती हैं।
C. phosphodiester bond बनाकर/By forming phosphodiester bond
Step 1
Concept
Sticky ends first base pair. Ligase forms a phosphodiester bond to make stable recombinant DNA.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. phosphodiester bond बनाकर / By forming phosphodiester bond. Sticky ends first base pair. Ligase forms a phosphodiester bond to make stable recombinant DNA.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Sticky ends पहले base pairing करते हैं। Ligase phosphodiester bond बनाकर stable recombinant DNA बनाता है।
D. incompatible DNA ends हों/Incompatible DNA ends are present
Step 1
Concept
Incompatible DNA ends will not pair properly. This can reduce ligation efficiency.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. incompatible DNA ends हों / Incompatible DNA ends are present. Incompatible DNA ends will not pair properly. This can reduce ligation efficiency.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Incompatible DNA ends ठीक से pair नहीं कर पाएंगे। इससे ligation efficiency घट सकती है।
A. bond formation प्रभावित हो सकती है/Bond formation may be affected
Step 1
Concept
Ligase needs energy to form a phosphodiester bond. Without an energy source ligation can be weak.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. bond formation प्रभावित हो सकती है / Bond formation may be affected. Ligase needs energy to form a phosphodiester bond. Without an energy source ligation can be weak.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Ligase को phosphodiester bond बनाने के लिए ऊर्जा चाहिए। ऊर्जा स्रोत न हो तो ligation कमजोर हो सकती है।
A. vector DNA और insert DNA का joined molecule/Joined molecule of vector DNA and insert DNA
Step 1
Concept
A recombinant plasmid has vector DNA and insert DNA joined together. Ligase makes this joining permanent.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. vector DNA और insert DNA का joined molecule / Joined molecule of vector DNA and insert DNA. A recombinant plasmid has vector DNA and insert DNA joined together. Ligase makes this joining permanent.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Recombinant plasmid में vector DNA और insert DNA जुड़े होते हैं। Ligase इस joining को स्थायी बनाता है।
Ligated recombinant DNA can be introduced into a host cell. This can be the transformation step.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. transformation into host cell. Ligated recombinant DNA can be introduced into a host cell. This can be the transformation step.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Ligated recombinant DNA को host cell में introduce किया जा सकता है। यह transformation step हो सकता है।
A. यह vector को insert के बिना बंद कर सकता है/It can close vector without insert
Step 1
Concept
In self-ligation the vector joins its own ends. This does not make the desired recombinant plasmid with insert.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह vector को insert के बिना बंद कर सकता है / It can close vector without insert. In self-ligation the vector joins its own ends. This does not make the desired recombinant plasmid with insert.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Self-ligation में vector अपने ही सिरों से जुड़ जाता है। इससे desired insert वाला recombinant plasmid नहीं बनता।
A. insert को desired orientation में जुड़वाना/Joining insert in desired orientation
Step 1
Concept
Directional cloning uses different ends to control insert orientation. Ligase then joins matching ends.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. insert को desired orientation में जुड़वाना / Joining insert in desired orientation. Directional cloning uses different ends to control insert orientation. Ligase then joins matching ends.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Directional cloning अलग-अलग ends का उपयोग कर insert orientation को control करती है। Ligase फिर matching ends को जोड़ता है।
A. सही ratio desired recombinant molecules बढ़ा सकता है/A proper ratio can increase desired recombinant molecules
Step 1
Concept
A proper ratio of vector and insert can increase the chance of desired ligation. At easy level link it with reaction planning.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. सही ratio desired recombinant molecules बढ़ा सकता है / A proper ratio can increase desired recombinant molecules. A proper ratio of vector and insert can increase the chance of desired ligation. At easy level link it with reaction planning.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Vector और insert का उचित अनुपात desired ligation की संभावना बढ़ा सकता है। आसान स्तर पर इसे reaction planning से जोड़ें।
A. desired recombinant plasmid कम बन सकते हैं/Fewer desired recombinant plasmids may form
Step 1
Concept
If insert is low the chance of desired joining with vector may decrease. Insert amount is an important factor in cloning.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. desired recombinant plasmid कम बन सकते हैं / Fewer desired recombinant plasmids may form. If insert is low the chance of desired joining with vector may decrease. Insert amount is an important factor in cloning.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Insert कम होने पर vector के साथ desired joining की संभावना घट सकती है। cloning में insert amount important factor है।
Ligase can be a heat-sensitive protein enzyme. Cold storage helps preserve its activity.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. cold condition में रखना / Keep in cold condition. Ligase can be a heat-sensitive protein enzyme. Cold storage helps preserve its activity.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Ligase heat sensitive protein enzyme हो सकता है। Cold storage उसकी activity बचाने में मदद करता है।
A. nicked या cut-ended DNA/Nicked or cut-ended DNA
Step 1
Concept
DNA ligase acts on nicked or cut-ended DNA. It forms a bond in the DNA backbone.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. nicked या cut-ended DNA / Nicked or cut-ended DNA. DNA ligase acts on nicked or cut-ended DNA. It forms a bond in the DNA backbone.
Step 3
Exam Tip
DNA ligase nicked या cut-ended DNA पर काम करता है। यह DNA backbone में bond बनाता है।
Cutting DNA at palindromic recognition sites is the role of restriction enzymes. Ligase is a joining enzyme.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. It cuts DNA at palindromic recognition sites. Cutting DNA at palindromic recognition sites is the role of restriction enzymes. Ligase is a joining enzyme.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Palindromic recognition sites पर DNA काटना restriction enzymes का काम है। Ligase joining enzyme है।
Ligase can perform nick sealing in DNA repair. This restores continuity of the DNA strand.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. DNA nick को seal करना / Sealing DNA nick. Ligase can perform nick sealing in DNA repair. This restores continuity of the DNA strand.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Ligase DNA repair में nick sealing कर सकता है। इससे DNA strand की continuity वापस आती है।
Restriction enzymes are called molecular scissors because they cut DNA. DNA ligase performs the opposite joining role.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. DNA ligase. Restriction enzymes are called molecular scissors because they cut DNA. DNA ligase performs the opposite joining role.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Molecular scissors restriction enzymes को कहा जाता है क्योंकि वे DNA काटते हैं। DNA ligase opposite joining role निभाता है।
A. DNA जोड़ना और joined DNA molecule बनाना/Joining DNA and forming a joined DNA molecule
Step 1
Concept
Ligase joins DNA ends to form a joined DNA molecule. It is important in recombinant DNA construction.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. DNA जोड़ना और joined DNA molecule बनाना / Joining DNA and forming a joined DNA molecule. Ligase joins DNA ends to form a joined DNA molecule. It is important in recombinant DNA construction.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Ligase DNA ends को जोड़कर joined DNA molecule बनाता है। यह recombinant DNA construction में महत्वपूर्ण है।
A. DNA ends ठीक से नहीं जुड़ेंगे/DNA ends will not join properly
Step 1
Concept
Inactive ligase cannot form phosphodiester bonds. This can cause ligation failure.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. DNA ends ठीक से नहीं जुड़ेंगे / DNA ends will not join properly. Inactive ligase cannot form phosphodiester bonds. This can cause ligation failure.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Inactive ligase phosphodiester bond नहीं बना पाएगा। इससे ligation failure हो सकती है।
A. buffer enzyme activity के लिए उचित वातावरण देता है/Buffer provides a proper environment for enzyme activity
Step 1
Concept
Ligation buffer helps ligase activity by providing pH salts and cofactors. Do not ignore buffer in practical questions.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. buffer enzyme activity के लिए उचित वातावरण देता है / Buffer provides a proper environment for enzyme activity. Ligation buffer helps ligase activity by providing pH salts and cofactors. Do not ignore buffer in practical questions.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Ligation buffer pH salts और cofactors देकर ligase activity में मदद करता है। Practical questions में buffer को ignore न करें।
A. 5 prime phosphate हटने से vector अपने ends आसानी से नहीं जोड़ पाएगा/Removal of 5 prime phosphate makes vector ends less able to join themselves
Step 1
Concept
Removing 5 prime phosphate can reduce vector self-ligation. This is a strategy to reduce unwanted background in cloning.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. 5 prime phosphate हटने से vector अपने ends आसानी से नहीं जोड़ पाएगा / Removal of 5 prime phosphate makes vector ends less able to join themselves. Removing 5 prime phosphate can reduce vector self-ligation. This is a strategy to reduce unwanted background in cloning.
Step 3
Exam Tip
5 prime phosphate हटने पर vector self-ligation कम हो सकती है। यह cloning में unwanted background घटाने की strategy है।
Missing 5 prime phosphate can prevent phosphodiester bond formation. The other options help ligation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. missing 5 prime phosphate. Missing 5 prime phosphate can prevent phosphodiester bond formation. The other options help ligation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Missing 5 prime phosphate phosphodiester bond formation को रोक सकता है। बाकी options ligation में मदद करते हैं।
Ligase makes the DNA backbone continuous by forming a phosphodiester bond. This is the final effect of ligation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. DNA backbone becomes continuous. Ligase makes the DNA backbone continuous by forming a phosphodiester bond. This is the final effect of ligation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Ligase phosphodiester bond बनाकर DNA backbone को continuous करता है। यही ligation का final effect है।
A. क्योंकि यह vector और insert को स्थायी रूप से जोड़ता है/Because it permanently joins vector and insert
Step 1
Concept
To make recombinant DNA different DNA fragments must be joined. Ligase performs this joining.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह vector और insert को स्थायी रूप से जोड़ता है / Because it permanently joins vector and insert. To make recombinant DNA different DNA fragments must be joined. Ligase performs this joining.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Recombinant DNA बनाने के लिए अलग DNA fragments को जोड़ना पड़ता है। Ligase यह joining करता है।
In DNA cloning ligase forms a covalent phosphodiester bond between vector and insert. This makes a stable recombinant plasmid.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. DNA cloning. In DNA cloning ligase forms a covalent phosphodiester bond between vector and insert. This makes a stable recombinant plasmid.
Step 3
Exam Tip
DNA cloning में ligase vector और insert के बीच covalent phosphodiester bond बनाता है। इससे stable recombinant plasmid बनता है।
D. ligase creates Okazaki fragments by cutting DNA
Step 1
Concept
Okazaki fragments form during DNA synthesis. Ligase does not cut them but joins them.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. ligase creates Okazaki fragments by cutting DNA. Okazaki fragments form during DNA synthesis. Ligase does not cut them but joins them.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Okazaki fragments DNA synthesis के दौरान बनते हैं। Ligase उन्हें काटता नहीं बल्कि जोड़ता है।
A. ligation के बाद recombinant DNA host cell में जा सकता है/After ligation recombinant DNA can enter a host cell
Step 1
Concept
Ligation makes recombinant DNA and transformation can take it into a host cell. They are sequential steps in cloning workflow.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ligation के बाद recombinant DNA host cell में जा सकता है / After ligation recombinant DNA can enter a host cell. Ligation makes recombinant DNA and transformation can take it into a host cell. They are sequential steps in cloning workflow.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Ligation recombinant DNA बनाता है और transformation उसे host cell में ले जा सकता है। यह cloning workflow में क्रमिक steps हैं।
Remember ligase with DNA joining and phosphodiester bond formation. This is the core of the topic.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. joins DNA by phosphodiester bond. Remember ligase with DNA joining and phosphodiester bond formation. This is the core of the topic.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Ligase को DNA joining और phosphodiester bond formation से याद करें। यही topic का core है।
A. recombinant DNA और DNA replication/Recombinant DNA and DNA replication
Step 1
Concept
Ligase joins fragments in recombinant DNA and joins Okazaki fragments in replication. Both exam contexts are important.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. recombinant DNA और DNA replication / Recombinant DNA and DNA replication. Ligase joins fragments in recombinant DNA and joins Okazaki fragments in replication. Both exam contexts are important.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Ligase recombinant DNA में fragments जोड़ता है और replication में Okazaki fragments जोड़ता है। ये दोनों exam contexts महत्वपूर्ण हैं।
A. ये ऊर्जा की मदद से DNA ends जोड़ते हैं/They join DNA ends with the help of energy
Step 1
Concept
Ligase enzymes join DNA ends with the help of energy. DNA ligase forms a phosphodiester bond.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ये ऊर्जा की मदद से DNA ends जोड़ते हैं / They join DNA ends with the help of energy. Ligase enzymes join DNA ends with the help of energy. DNA ligase forms a phosphodiester bond.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Ligase enzymes energy की सहायता से DNA ends को जोड़ते हैं। DNA ligase phosphodiester bond बनाता है।
