Medieval Indian History

Through Nauroz Balban enhanced court splendour and royal prestige. Exam tip: link his kingship policy with court customs.

Siri was linked with Alauddin's defence and military needs. Exam tip: connect cities with their political purpose.

The Hajib was connected with discipline and access in the court. Exam tip: distinguish court offices from administrative offices.

The Doab tax increase was applied in difficult conditions and worsened distress. Exam tip: study both policy and context together.

Taqavi loans were linked with agricultural help and peasant relief. Exam tip: remember welfare and agricultural policy separately.

The direct answer is A: Kharaj, Zakat, Jizya and Khums. Firoz Shah Tughlaq gave importance to taxes that he considered permissible under Islamic law, or Sharia. The four names in option A are recognised tax or revenue categories connected with that religious framework: kharaj was a land tax, zakat was a religious charitable levy, jizya was a tax on non-Muslim subjects, and khums referred to a fifth share, especially of certain war gains. Option A is therefore the matching group. Option B is wrong because chauth and sardeshmukhi are associated mainly with Maratha revenue claims, while dahsala and zabt are Mughal revenue terms. Option C is wrong because ghari and charai were Sultanate taxes, while jarib and patta are measurement or revenue-administration terms, not this complete Sharia-based set. Option D is wrong because jagir, mansab, suba and pargana are administrative or service terms, not taxes. Memory cue: identify the option containing the four Islamic tax names.

Afghan chiefs played a very important role in Lodi rule. Exam tip: understand the social nature of Lodi power.

Sikandar Lodi wrote poetry under the name Gulrukhi. Exam tip: remember literary interests of rulers too.

Jaunpur was called Shiraz-i-Hind due to learning and culture. Exam tip: remember nicknames of regional cultural centres.

Husain Shah Sharqi was a major ruler of the Jaunpur Sultanate. Exam tip: connect regional rulers with their states.

Mandu is famous for its palaces and fortified architecture. Exam tip: connect Malwa with Mandu architecture.

Mahmud Begada developed Champaner and made it a capital. Exam tip: connect regional urban development with rulers.

In Bengal stone was scarce and clay was available, so brick architecture developed. Exam tip: connect architecture with geographical resources.

Zain-ul-Abidin promoted crafts and tolerant rule. Exam tip: connect this Kashmir ruler with liberal patronage.

Virupaksha Temple is linked with the worship of Virupaksha, a form of Shiva. Exam tip: connect Hampi temples with their religious identity.

Mahanavami Dibba was linked with royal festivals and display of power. Exam tip: connect architecture with royal rituals.

Barbosa gave useful details on Vijayanagara's trade and society. Exam tip: read travellers' accounts as economic sources.

Bidar later became a major centre of Bahmani administration and culture. Exam tip: understand the political importance of capital shifts.

Cavalry was important for quick action in Deccan warfare. Exam tip: connect military structure with geographical needs.

Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah founded Hyderabad. Exam tip: remember cities and founders of Deccan Sultanates.

Charminar is linked with Qutb Shahi architecture of Hyderabad. Exam tip: remember monuments with their Sultanates.

Ibrahim Adil Shah II was a great patron of music and arts. Exam tip: do not limit Deccan culture only to wars.

The Suba system divided the large empire into administrative units. Exam tip: understand the link between centre and province.

The Diwan handled revenue and the Subedar handled provincial governance and military affairs. Exam tip: understand power balance in Mughal administration.

The direct answer is A, law and order and military control. During Akbar’s administration, a faujdar was an important local or district-level officer responsible mainly for maintaining peace, controlling disorder and supporting military administration. The officer could act against disturbances and help enforce the authority of the Mughal state. Option A is correct because it combines the two central responsibilities associated with the faujdar: local law and order and military functions. Option B, writing court poetry, was a cultural or literary activity and was not the faujdar’s administrative duty. Option C, worshipping canals, is not an administrative function and has no connection with this office. Option D, selling foreign paintings, is a commercial or artistic activity, not the work of a military-administrative officer. For recall, connect ‘faujdar’ with ‘fauj’, meaning army: think of an officer concerned with force, security and order. Exact duties could vary with administrative circumstances, but option A is the clearly correct school-level description.