Medieval Indian History

Jahangir was famous for patronage of Mughal painting. For exams, connect him with naturalistic painting.

Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri is an autobiographical work of Jahangir. For exams, connect it with Mughal autobiographical literature.

Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal in memory of Mumtaz Mahal. For exams, connect it with Agra and Mughal architecture.

The Red Fort of Delhi was built by Shah Jahan. For exams, connect Shah Jahan with the peak of Mughal architecture.

Shivaji is considered the founder of Maratha power. For exams, connect him with the title Chhatrapati and Raigad.

Shivaji’s coronation was held at Raigad Fort on 6 June 1674, when he assumed the title of Chhatrapati. Agra is associated with Shivaji’s visit to Aurangzeb’s court, not with his coronation. Exam tip: Remember the link: Shivaji—Raigad—1674.

The Vijayanagara Empire was founded by Harihara and Bukka. For exams, remember it as a major empire of South India.

Hampi is the famous site associated with the capital of Vijayanagara. For exams, connect it with Karnataka and the Tungabhadra river region.

Krishnadeva Raya was a great ruler of Vijayanagara. For exams, connect him with Telugu literature and the Tungabhadra region.

The Bahmani Sultanate was founded in the Deccan. For exams, connect it with medieval politics of South India.

Kabir emphasized simple devotion and social equality. For exams, remember him as a Nirguna Bhakti saint.

Guru Nanak is considered the founder of Sikhism. For exams, connect him with the message of devotion and social equality.

Mirabai was a famous saint poet of Krishna devotion. For exams, connect her with the Saguna Bhakti tradition.

Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti was a famous Sufi saint associated with Ajmer. For exams, remember the Chishti order.

Amir Khusrau was a famous poet and musician of the Delhi Sultanate. For exams, connect him with Alauddin Khalji's court.

The correct answer is A, Morocco. Ibn Battuta was a famous Moroccan traveller from Tangier who visited India in the fourteenth century during the reign of Muhammad bin Tughlaq of the Delhi Sultanate. He stayed in India for several years and was appointed qazi, or judge, at the Sultan’s court. His travel account, the Rihla, provides valuable information about the political conditions, cities, roads, trade, administration, and social life of medieval India. China, Portugal, and France are incorrect because none of these countries was Ibn Battuta’s homeland. Remembering the association “Ibn Battuta—Morocco—Muhammad bin Tughlaq” is useful for medieval-history questions.

Ibn Battuta came to India during Muhammad bin Tughlaq's reign. For exams, also remember his travel book Rihla.

Rihla is the travel account of Ibn Battuta. For exams, remember it as a source for the Delhi Sultanate period.

Timur invaded India in 1398 CE, when Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah Tughlaq was the ruler of the Delhi Sultanate. Therefore, the Tughlaq period is correct. The Sayyid dynasty began later, in 1414 CE, so it is a close but incorrect option. Exam tip: Remember Timur's Indian invasion of 1398 CE as an event of the late Tughlaq period.

Humayun's Tomb is located in Delhi. For exams, treat it as an important example of Mughal tomb architecture.

Hampi, on the banks of the Tungabhadra, was the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire. Fatehpur Sikri was a Mughal capital under Akbar. Exam tip: link Hampi with Vijayanagara ruins and the Virupaksha Temple.

The Third Battle of Panipat was fought in (1761) CE. For exams, connect it with the Marathas and Ahmad Shah Abdali.

Qutbuddin Aibak was called Lakh Baksh because of his generosity. For exams, remember titles with rulers.

The governing concept is the administrative organisation of the Delhi Sultanate. Iltutmish strengthened and systematised the iqta arrangement, under which assigned officers or nobles received the right to collect revenue from particular territories in return for maintaining troops and performing administrative duties. The land itself was not treated as the personal property of the holder; the assignment was connected with service and could be transferred or changed by the ruler. Thus, option B is correct. The mansabdari system was developed under the Mughal emperor Akbar, while ryotwari was a much later colonial revenue arrangement. Zamindari also belongs mainly to later revenue systems and does not identify Iltutmish's Sultanate administration.

Chalisa was a group of Turkish nobles organized by Iltutmish. For exams, connect it with Slave dynasty politics.